Disciple Chao Ichiro wrote a volume of scripture every time in the book Zhai Fengda, a member of the Shangshu Ministry of Industry, for the blessing of his dead wife Ma Shi. The title goes like this:
DiYiQiZhai, write a roll of impermanence;
On the thirty-seventh day, I wrote a volume of the Enchantment Sutra.
In the fourth and seventh lent, I wrote a volume "Excuse me";
In the fifth and seventh lent, I wrote a volume of Yamaraja Jing;
Liuqizhai, write a volume of "Protecting the Boy";
On the seventh day of fasting, I wrote a volume of the "Multiple Hearts Sutra";
Fasting for 100 days, writing a volume of "Lan Jing";
Fasting for one year and writing a volume of Buddhist Sutra;
After fasting for three years, I wrote a volume of "The Cause of Good and Evil".
The right first writes about merits and demerits, and pursues happiness for the past horse history. I was invited to witness the alliance with Eight Dragons, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Tibetan Bodhisattva, Four Heavenly Kings and Eight donkey kong. Accept Futian, go to a happy place, meet good knowledge and support wholeheartedly. 」
Because the front of Bo 2055 copied the Eyeworm Sutra, the Buddha Mother Sutra and the Causality Sutra of Good and Evil; It is also because the handwriting of the suicide note is the same as that of other Zhai Fengda handwritten documents published in Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. Explain that this figure was written by Zhai Fengda at that time, and it was originally used for a hundred-day fast, a one-year fast and a three-year fast. This proves that the Shuiyue Guanyin Sutra mentioned in the above inscription was indeed circulated in ancient times and was once regarded as an important ancient book recommending death and doing merits. According to French book records, there is also a shadow stone rosary accompanied by scripture. Shadow stone rosary is a unique jade, produced in India and Nepal. At that time, it was thought that chanting scriptures with shadow stones could gain great wisdom and enlightenment. From this point of view, Dunhuang and Tianzhu had frequent exchanges at that time. 1987, Liu and Liu published the catalogue of Dunhuang suicide notes in Tianjin fine arts collection, including the Buddhist impermanence sutra and other four categories. According to the catalogue, the original title of this volume is seven volumes, including the Tathagata Sutra, in order to pursue happiness for the dead mother. The first one is the Buddhist Impermanence Sutra, the Buddha Moonlight Avalokitesvara Sutra, the Buddhist Curse Sutra and the Buddhist Interpretation Sutra. There are inscriptions at the back of each Buddhist sutra, such as the first sentence said by the Buddha. On the seventh day, the seventh Lent was held. Zhai Fengda, an industrial and commercial official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recalled that he had written a volume of "The Impermanence Sutra" and painted a shop with a bun. Every seventh to third anniversary, write a volume of Buddhist scriptures every lent to pursue happiness. May my aunt wander in her own shadow, benefit from previous lives, avoid three disasters and support her forever. 」
The inscription on the Buddha's Sutra of Guanyin Bodhisattva in Shuiyueguang is as follows:
"14 erqi lent blessing, may god a piece of pure land. Ma Shi gave birth to Futian. 」
This information is confirmed by Bo 2055, which shows that the so-called "Buddha said Shuiyue Guanyin Sutra" is the Shuiyue Guanyin Sutra that we have been paying attention to for a long time. From the above information, we can also know that at that time, * * * copied ten kinds of classics, which were divided into two volumes: one volume was seven kinds copied from 17 to 17, which is the collection of Tianjin Art Museum today. Unfortunately, the last three classics are missing. One volume is copied from Hundred Days, Anniversary and Three Years' Lent, which is today's French Collection. The Shuiyue Guanyin Sutra recorded here is not only deficient in three aspects, but also quite different from the general Buddhist sutras in basic form. Judging from the contents of Buddhist scriptures, it was obviously the product of universal worship of Guanyin at that time. Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Guanyin worship has become one of the main forms of China folk Buddhism (believing in Buddhism), which has far-reaching charm and deserves researchers' attention. This classic was selected by Zhai Fengda as one of the classics recommending death and pursuing happiness, and it is also of certain value for us to study the funeral etiquette in Dunhuang during the Five Dynasties.
Zhai Fengda is one of the famous figures in Dunhuang in the Five Dynasties, and there are many kinds of his works in Dunhuang suicide note. In Dunhuang at that time, he was a great intellectual. As we know, the image of Shuiyue Guanyin is generally Guanyin sitting on a rock in the sea, with his left foot hanging down, his right foot standing on his knee, his left foot hooked, and his face slightly tilted, which makes people think. This image was first created by Zhou Chuang, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty. The History of Famous Paintings calls Zhou Chuang's paintings "simple in clothes and soft in color". Bodhisattva is strict, and it is wonderful to make the body of Shui Yue. He painted the hidden Guanyin Bodhisattva in the southeast courtyard of the pagoda of Shengguang Temple in Chang 'an, and praised it for a while. His paintings of various Buddhist themes were imitated by later generations and were called "Zhou Family Painting Style". Although this book is called Shuiyue Guanyin Sutra or Shuiyue Guanyin Bodhisattva Sutra, judging from the contents of the book, it has nothing to do with the image of Shuiyue Guanyin. Or because the image of Shuiyue Guanyin was very common at that time, Shuiyue Guanyin has become a very common name of Guanyin Bodhisattva, so people named this Guanyin worship classic which obviously has nothing to do with the image of Shuiyue Guanyin as Shuiyue.