Symptoms of advanced lung cancer
1, facial and neck edema is the main symptom of lung cancer.
There is superior vena cava on the right side of mediastinum, which transports venous blood of upper limbs and head and neck back to the heart. Tumor compression or invasion of superior vena cava will initially make jugular vein swell due to poor reflux, and finally lead to edema of face and neck, which needs timely diagnosis and treatment. Upper thoracic varices with edema, dizziness, chest tightness, shortness of breath and other symptoms. When the apical lung cancer oppresses or invades the cervical sympathetic ganglion, eye socket depression, ptosis, pupil narrowing, fissure narrowing, skin temperature rising on the affected side and anhidrosis appear.
2. hoarseness is the most common symptom of lung cancer.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve, which controls the left pronunciation function, goes down from the neck to the chest, bypasses the great vessels of the heart and goes up to the throat, thus dominating the left side of the pronunciation organ.
3, shortness of breath hoarseness is also one of the late symptoms of lung cancer.
Almost all patients with lung cancer with regional spread have different degrees of shortness of breath. Normal tissue fluid produced by lung and myocardium is refluxed from lymph nodes in the middle of chest. If these lymph nodes are blocked by tumors, these tissue fluids will accumulate in the pericardium to form pericardial effusion or accumulate in the chest cavity to form pleural effusion. Both of the above conditions will lead to shortness of breath. When it oppresses or invades recurrent laryngeal nerve, lymph node metastasis will occur. It is a kind of limited wheezing sound, which mostly appears in the inhalation stage and does not disappear after coughing.
4. Patients with advanced lung cancer are emaciated.
Because cancer cells absorb a lot of nutrients, normal cells in the human body will not absorb enough nutrients, so patients will have symptoms of loss of appetite and weight loss. Some lung cancer patients are skinny. With the progress of the disease, the respiratory function of lung cancer patients will also be damaged. In addition, there will be symptoms such as loss of appetite, decreased food intake, emaciation, emaciation, fatigue and weakness. The patient's physique is getting worse and worse, and his anti-cancer ability is getting weaker and weaker.
Daily nursing care of advanced lung cancer
1, preventing bedsores
The nutritional status of patients with advanced lung cancer is generally poor, sometimes accompanied by systemic edema. Too much sun exposure is easy to produce bedsores, which expand rapidly and are difficult to cure. It is particularly important to prevent bedsores. Relieve local pressure, change body position on time, and cushion vulnerable parts of the body with balloons and soft pillows to avoid long-term pressure.
Step 2 relieve symptoms
Fever is one of the main symptoms of lung cancer. Patients should be told to keep warm to prevent colds and pneumonia. For irritating cough, antitussive drugs can be given; When patients have persistent cough at night, they can drink hot water to reduce the irritation to the throat; If there is hemoptysis, hemostatic drugs should be given. When there is a large amount of hemoptysis, the doctor should be informed immediately, and the patient's head should be tilted to one side, and the blood in the mouth should be removed in time to prevent suffocation and assist the doctor in rescue.
3. Psychological care
Patients with advanced lung cancer will have anxiety, fear and sadness. And often appear apathy and loneliness. We should have a high sense of sympathy and responsibility, strive to create a warm and harmonious training environment for patients, place them in single wards with cordial language and sincere attitude, encourage patients to express their psychological feelings, enlighten them in time, and actively introduce their information of improvement.
Methods of preventing lung cancer
1, control and ban smoking
The mechanism of smoking causing lung cancer has been clearly studied, and epidemiological data and a large number of animal experiments have completely proved that smoking is the number one killer of lung cancer. Both ourselves and society should take action. The state should make strong laws to publicize that tobacco contains carcinogens and causes lung cancer. We should develop good living habits, try not to smoke and reduce the chances of passive smoking.
2. Improve the ventilation environment in the workplace.
Reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the air, transform the production process and reduce the generation of harmful substances. Workers in dust polluted environment should wear masks or other protective masks to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances.
3. Positive attitude and lifestyle.