At the beginning, the reform of state-owned enterprises had to go through a series of key links, such as separation of government from enterprise, shareholding system reform and asset reorganization. The reform and innovation of sports management system is in a new development period. In this process, the reform is constantly going on, and controlling the contradiction to a minimum is the premise of the sustainable development of sports.
(A) Grasp the focus of short-term innovation
There are two key points in the recent reform and innovation: one is to hold the Beijing Olympic Games, a national event, and the other is to build a perfect national fitness system. The former is the most important, and the latter is tied to people's hearts. These are two very obvious and concrete facts. If it is held in China, the most populous country in the world, it is difficult to surpass mediocrity only by learning from foreign experience. Only by innovation can we make progress. Therefore, these two major events should rise to the height of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the construction of a well-off and harmonious society, and be comprehensively and deeply discussed at a higher level of domestic philosophical and social science research.
1. The most important thing is that the innovation form urgently needed by the Olympic Games has not yet had a satisfactory embryonic form.
The IOC Evaluation Committee believes that the Olympic Games held in Beijing will leave a unique and precious legacy for China and the world sports. Unique means innovation.
The highest goal of the "national system" is aimed at the Olympic Games, which is not a tool but a game, a game, a toy and an entertainment event with cheerful exchanges. It was once reduced to a tool during the World War and the Cold War, but it quickly struggled out of the shadow in the conflict between rationality and utility, becoming the biggest cultural "toy" of mankind. In a harmonious well-off society, any sports meeting should be a festival for the masses and an occasion to indulge creativity.
It has been a long time since Beijing successfully applied for the Olympic Games. As the whole world knows, we have condensed 5,000 years of traditional culture, with a thriving population of1.300 million. Unparalleled resources will surely create an excellent Olympic Games. To do a good job, we must innovate, but the urgently needed forms of innovation are not satisfactory. It is necessary for us to concentrate on the number of gold medals in the 2008 Olympic Games. However, this is not the only thing-even if you win all the gold medals, it is not equal to the Excellence of the Olympic Games.
2. Mass support-The system and operation mechanism of mass sports are still being explored.
Compared with economic reform, sports reform has a certain lag, that is, education and culture coexist. After experiencing great glory, sports in China has a huge inertia and a difficult role transformation process, which is also an important reason for the lagging sports reform. However, China's sports reform is first loose and then tight, first come and then arrive. It grasps the incremental process from micro to macro, from point to surface, and shows the gradual change of internal functions of sports system from formulating reform strategy, bearing the cost of overcoming resistance and failure risk in the initial stage, and effectively ensuring the continuity of operation. The pilot work of system reform should be carried out from point to surface, from shallow to deep, in an orderly manner, and obvious results should be achieved at both macro and micro levels.
The national fitness program has been issued for 10 years, but it has not yet formed a mature system and a set of unified standards, which is not unrelated to China's vast territory, large population, living environment and economic development in various regions, and its operating mechanism is still being explored. Mass sports is a soft task, because there is no hard goal and it cannot be enforced.
The general principle of government system innovation is to realize the "four major changes" by thoroughly separating management from office and separating government from enterprise, that is, from office to management, from micro-management to macro-management, from directly affiliated enterprises and institutions to society, from closed inward-looking management to open outward-oriented management, so as to break the image of "all-round" government functions formed under the planned economy system, get rid of complicated sports activities and establish "limited responsibility"
In the input mechanism, we should also carry out reforms. In the future, the finance will mainly focus on public welfare cultural and sports undertakings, invest according to the basic functions of sports institutions, and focus on strengthening the construction of mass sports infrastructure. It is necessary to change the investment mode of public welfare sports, promote the formation of a benign management and operation mechanism, and promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of public sports services.
(B) Medium-term innovation-oriented system
Medium-term reform and innovation must face the system. The reform of sports system is restricted by the process of departmental system, financial system, personnel and labor system, political system reform and marketization, and it is difficult to walk. No one can bear the consequences of the reduction of gold medals caused by the failure of reform, and no one is willing to bear the blame that will affect the performance of the 2008 Olympic Games. Therefore, the mid-term reform and system innovation should be put after 2008, follow the reform idea of "small government, big society", and truly change management into management-mainly from the monopoly system of highly centralized competitive management of the government, with the real function of associations as the breakthrough. Imagine as follows:
1. The State Sports General Administration will simplify administration and decentralize power, and promote the functionalization of the China Sports Federation and the National Olympic Committee.
(1) According to the Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving Sports Work in the New Period (18), "it is necessary to clarify the division of powers between the government and society, separate management from office, and transfer functions that should not be exercised by the government to institutions, social organizations and intermediary organizations." The State Sports General Administration checks the establishment of various departments according to the functions entrusted by the state, actively liberalizes the right to organize various sports activities, actively simplifies and merges the institutions with vague functions at present, and reduces the establishment of non-management functions again; Social management and market supervision, management direction, principles, planning, layout, market, order, direction and mechanism.
(2) According to the Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving Sports Work in the New Period (XIX), it is necessary to "take the preparation of the 2008 Olympic Games as a favorable opportunity and give full play to the roles of the State Sports General Administration, the All-China Sports Federation and the Chinese Olympic Committee." Article 38 of the Sports Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "The Chinese Olympic Committee is a sports organization whose main task is to develop and promote the Olympic Movement and to represent China in international Olympic affairs." The Chinese Olympic Committee must set up a substantive permanent organization and become a public institution directly under the General Administration of Sport. The National Olympic Committee is responsible for the implementation of the national Olympic gold medal procurement plan, the vertical management of individual Olympic sports associations, the promotion of high-level sports clubs and Olympic training camps, the full cohesion and inheritance of the advantages of the old system, and the formation of a new "one-stop" Olympic model adapted to modernization and globalization.
(3) In recent years, some scholars have suggested that the Chinese Olympic Committee is in charge of the development of national Olympic events; The State General Administration of Sport is in charge of the development of non-Olympic sports in China, and exercises management, guidance and supervision over sports associations within their respective functions. This seems smooth in theory, but there are many problems in practice. For example, how to manage many sports that are both Olympic and team events? What should the education department do to manage the relative freedom of school physical education? How to manage non-sports sports activities. Therefore, we can consider setting up a comprehensive sports association with the highest level, just like the former "China Sports Association".
The General Sports Association can be responsible for the promotion of all kinds of sports above or below the Chinese Olympic Committee and the support of public welfare sports activities, carry out institutional innovation according to the guidance of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2002, and expand the space of sports industry in leisure and entertainment activities; We will increase and improve the central mass organizations and network system to promote the national fitness campaign, undertake the specific construction work of developing social sports instructors, small towns and rural sports outlets, and truly grasp mass sports.
2. Cancel the sports project management center and promote the legalization of individual sports associations.
Administrative means is the main management means of government sports administrative institutions. The essence of this means is the legal power that these institutions have, which mainly includes the power to formulate policies, plans and programs, check and evaluate, allocate budgets, transfer personnel and impose administrative penalties. This coercive means is characterized by strong command and good timeliness, but improper use will have certain side effects. Market economy requires decentralization of sports, and sudden transition may be resisted by the original institutional interest groups, increasing the cost of reform. Therefore, the buffer method of establishing project management center is adopted. However, the current mechanism is still only transitional and cannot be solidified. After the formation of new interest groups, the process of reform should not be too long, so as to avoid the power in the early stage of reform becoming the resistance in the later stage. The management center should completely abandon the idea of relying on the government and become a complete legal entity.
1994, the state physical culture and sports commission stripped off some functions from the organs and set up the first batch of 14 sports project management centers, 1997 set up six project management centers and adjusted three management centers. At this point, the reform of sports system seems to have achieved the goal of separating government from enterprises, but in fact it has the duality of mixed management and operation. Some people call it a "freak" and some people call it a "cancer". It can be seen that this has added a new institutional obstacle on the road of sports reform.
According to Article 40 of the Sports Law of the People's Republic of China, "National individual sports associations shall manage the popularization and improvement of this sport". An important step in the legalization of individual sports associations is to take over the central affairs and fully intervene in training and event management. The existence of sports project management center lacks legal basis.
Fiscal policy is an important lever of macro-control. The state investment will remain stable for a period of time, and government procurement measures will be introduced to clarify investment priorities and increase investment. Through the allocation of funds from the National Olympic Committee, the government's "procurement" system is implemented, and each association obtains project funds through bidding, signs production and sales contracts, and entrusts the production of gold medals.
After years of reform, the main reason why individual sports associations still exist in name only is that they have been suspended and cannot be managed according to law. Although 1986 "Decision of the State Sports Commission on the Reform of Sports System (Draft)" proposes to give full play to the role of sports federations, various sports associations and sports federations, and puts forward six main responsibilities of sports associations, such a top-down call has no foundation and cannot be implemented by floating in the air. System reform is a requirement put forward by the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a spirit from above, and a measure to concentrate the wisdom of the masses and the voice of the grassroots. Practice has proved many times that only innovations that fully mobilize the enthusiasm of organizations and individuals and reforms that are recognized by most people can be truly implemented and achieved practical results. Therefore, the purpose of reform is not to do a job upward, and the effective promotion of reform is ultimately bottom-up. The technical route of reform should be bottom-up, changing the past that the association is only responsible to the upper level, and should represent the interests of all members, and enhance the strength of the association from bottom to top by strengthening the strength of members.
We will implement the state-controlled shareholding system reform, gradually implement the enterprise reform, change sports teams in various provinces and cities into clubs, change state-owned assets into shares, and attract social funds. Converting state-owned assets into shares attracts social funds.
According to the Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving Sports Work in the New Period (Article 20), "the substantive reform of individual associations should be carried out in stages", in the specific implementation, special consideration should be given to the synchronous reform of material selection, training system and competition system operation series; First, we can consider trying out individual associations to fully participate in domestic competitions, and implement the Guangzhou Asian Games on 20 10, so as to be in line with international standards smoothly.