The word Daoism comes from Zhuangzi Tianxiapian, see Zhuangzi Tianxiapian, which is similar to "magic" and "technique", and some Taoist priests also call it "magic".

Taoism has done a lot of Taoism, such as divination, character sealing, praying for blessings, forbidding spells, inner elixir, outer elixir, yellow and white fire, crossing the valley, walking, room, fairy medicine, convincing and so on. Ma Song Duan Lin once briefly introduced Taoism in the literature examination. He said: "Gai Jingqing said; Refine and improve; Say it again with food; Fu Zhuan said it again and again; Classical science and education is another story. "He said that the book of Huang Lao Liezhuang is pure and inaction, but slightly refined; Red pine nuts and Wei Boyang only talk about cultivation but not purity; Lu Sheng, Tao Shaojun and Luan Dayan brought meals without training; Zhang Daoling and Guan Qian's words are symbolic, not refined and borrowed; Du Guangting said only classic science and education below.

There are many Taoist techniques, which can be divided into five categories. The five techniques of Taoism can be explained as follows:

First of all, this mountain

The so-called "mountain" is a kind of knowledge to cultivate "body" and "spirit" by feeding bait, building foundation, metaphysics, boxing and spells, so as to fill the body and mind.

Bait-is a method of using tonic, wine and daily diet to enhance physical strength and treat diseases.

Footnote-is a method to control the essence and soul by means of guidance, attraction and meditation, so as to enhance physical strength.

Xuan Dian is a method of cultivating the mind and nourishing the nature based on Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thoughts.

Boxing-is a way to keep fit by practicing various martial arts.

Spell-a kind of psychic self-cultivation spell, whose main function is to ward off evil spirits, suppress evil spirits, and seek good fortune to avoid evil.

In a word, "mountain" is a kind of knowledge to cultivate perfect personality by meditation, cultivation, martial arts, diet and other methods.

Second, doctor.

The so-called "medicine" is a method of using prescriptions, acupuncture and other methods to preserve health and treat diseases.

Prescription-a prescription for treating diseases and practicing by making various drugs into powders and pills.

Acupuncture-acupuncture combination is to use the principle of human vein and blood circulation to stimulate the affected part to treat diseases.

The magic of.

Psychotherapy-a good way to treat human diseases by mastering people's mind (psychological state). Now it is called "psychotherapy".

In short, "medicine" is a method to treat human diseases through prescription, acupuncture, psychotherapy and other means.

Third, life

The so-called "fate" is a kind of knowledge to understand life, reach the laws of nature and improve human life by reasoning about fate. The main works used to push fate are Wei Zi Dou Shu, Zi Ping Push Fate, and Xing Ping Hui Hai. Its way is based on the time of birth and the five elements of yin and yang.

In short, "fate" is to infer people's fate, and then to achieve the knowledge of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil, thus improving the needs of human development.

Fourth, the stage

The so-called "physiognomy" generally includes five kinds: "impression, name, person, family, grave (feng shui)" to observe the physiognomy existing in the phenomenon world.

Seal-it is to look at the seal of others to decide fate. Printed in China, it used to be a certificate of power.

Appearance-based on the name of a person or shop, through five paragraphs, at the same time using numerology and other combinations to infer good or bad luck.

A method of display.

Human physiognomy can be divided into two categories: physiognomy and palmistry. By observing the lines and colors of the face and hands, we can know the good and bad luck and pathology of people.

The method.

Home-that is, the geomantic omen of Yangzhai, so as to observe its pattern and analyze it to infer a kind of good or bad luck of human habitation.

Fang Shu

Tomography (geomantic omen)-that is, a ghost house-is a magical way to bury ancestors by choosing a place to hide their descendants.

In short, "phase" is a way to observe the objects seen by the eyes in order to achieve the purpose of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil.

Verb (short for verb) prediction

The so-called "divination" includes divination, auspicious choice and divination, and its purpose is to predict and deal with things. Among them, the types of divination can be divided into "easy to break" and "six-person divination class"

Divination-the so-called divination is based on the Book of Changes and combined with the mutual constraints of heaven, man and earth to infer good or bad luck.

A drastic method.

Choosing good luck-the main works are represented by Taoism, which deals with the development of things through the combination of layout, fighting and magic.

Unfortunate factors, mainly used in ancient military.

Bureau-the main work, represented by Yitai Yishen Book, calculates the political destiny of the country through the technique of twelve hexagrams.

Lucky numbers and the skills and mathematics of historical changes.

(2) External Dan and Internal Dan: During the Warring States Period, the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements prevailed. When Emperor Huan was in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Boyang wrote the Book of Changes under the guise of "one divination", and used it as a method to make Dan, saying that it was like fire, water, dragon, tiger, lead and mercury, in order to match the faint engraving of Yin and Yang and five elements, as a sign of advance and retreat. Since the Han Dynasty, all the books of Inner Dan and Outer Dan have been developed according to this profound theory.

The so-called external Dan is a compound made of lead, mercury and other drugs, which burns in the fire. The finished products are divided into point-to-point and oral. The preliminary refined number "Shoutou" can only be used as a touch and cannot be taken. Furthermore, it was refined into pills for "taking". The so-called "elixir" is considered edible by Taoists. "Bao Puzi Jin Zidan" said: "The husband's grain can still be born, and if he gains it, he will be born, and if he loses it, he will die. Besides, they can't compare with top-grade medicines. Isn't it ten thousand times more beneficial to people than whole grains? The longer you burn the elixir, the better it will change. When gold is thrown into the fire, it will last forever. Taking these two medicines can make people live forever. This kind of concealment is to strengthen yourself with foreign things. " "If this were used instead of immortals, there would be no immortals in ancient times." However, some components contained in metal substances and other minerals are highly toxic to people, and the method is unknown. Eating by mistake will lead to death. Therefore, it reminds people not to do anything. For example, Volume 64 of "Cloud Seven Signs" said: "I don't understand the elixir, and all kinds of stone medicines have their own characteristics, and there are great poisons in them." It is very dangerous to take food. In China, there are thousands of related works written in past dynasties. Although most of them have been lost, nearly 100 books have been preserved. Most of them are contained in the orthodox Taoist scriptures. It is this alchemy that became the pioneer of modern chemistry, from which modern chemistry developed.

What is Neidan? The person who cultivates the Inner Elixir refers to taking people as the elixir, taking the essence in the body as the medicine, taking the spirit as the application, burning in his own body, so that the essence, qi and spirit will not be separated and become a "holy fetus". Bai Yuchan, a southern disciple, said, "Self-cultivation is wonderful, and husband and wife are wonderful inside." The so-called sacred fetus is Neidan. "Chapter of ventilation. "Nourishing Nature and Living Life" describes Neidan: "It is like a chicken, white and black, and one inch wide. I thought that from the beginning, the bones of the limbs were all in the five internal organs, and they came out in October, and the bones were weak and slippery. " In Taoism, it is believed that Neidan can be made without the help of the human body, and the human body can be divided into two and become immortal. Taoism advocates the cultivation of inner alchemy. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, there appeared the Southern Sect and the Northern Sect, which mainly cultivated Inner alchemy. Its formula is nothing more than magical power and five-needle tablets. There are twenty or thirty kinds of books about Neidan in Daozang. The famous medicines are Jing, Lingbao Bifa, Zhong You's Missionary Collection, Dandan Zhi Zhi and so on. Although the terms in Inner Dan are the same as those in Outer Dan, their meanings are quite different. Neidan's books are hidden and difficult to read, and most Taoist alchemists have the same way and different explanations. Although Neidan has a certain relationship with China's ancient physical health and medicine, if it can live forever, it can only be said that it is the religious belief of believers. It is also true that correct practice of Buddhism can achieve health and longevity.

(3) The techniques of introspection, keeping quiet, keeping thinking and keeping integrated: These techniques are based on the doctrine that the body, limbs, viscera and organs are all gods, and all gods have surnames and colors. If God exists in human body, his body is healthy; If he doesn't keep in shape, his life will be in danger. Therefore, if you want to live forever, you must leave God in your body. These skills are skills to maintain mental state. The so-called Vipassana, also called Vipassana, is explained in the annotation of Volume 17 of Seven Cloud Signs as: "The wisdom of the heart shines from the inside, which is called Vipassana", that is, observing the self-nature, understanding its heart and preserving its spirit. The so-called silence: that is, silence prevents God from traveling abroad. 154- 170 The Taiping Economic Cooperation School said: "If you don't move, you can live a long life even if you don't get sick. Blessed by the gods, the heavens and the earth are at peace, and the gods are kept alive. " People believe that if you keep quiet, you will live forever. The so-called thinking: that is, thinking about the image of God, so that the escaped God can return to the body. Volume 43 of "The Story of the Seven Signs of the Cloud" said: "To cultivate one's morality and help the world, we should hold on to it, not be good at thinking, and be indifferent to inaction." The so-called one-keeping: even if the mind is concentrated in a certain place in the body, it is still and motionless. "The Secret Order of the Holy King of the Taiping Classic" says: "Keeping a husband can spend the world, eliminate disasters, and serve the king without dying."

(4), convinced, qi, fetal interest and other techniques.

Taoism's skill of internal cultivation focuses on loving qi, respecting god and emphasizing essence. Yun Qi's Seven Signs, Volume 56, On the Vitality, said: "People and things are born with one yuan, and they grow up when they are born. The most important thing is human spirit. " "Taiping Economic Cooperative School" 154 to 170 said: "If the fish has water, the gas is completely dispersed, and the water is absolutely fatal to the fish." Therefore, it is necessary to recharge your batteries in order to keep alive. Persuasion, that is, breathing and eating, is to absorb the vitality between heaven and earth. It is said in "The Theory of Haoran Qi": "Those who eat food know and die, and those who eat gas live longer." "A husband can stay healthy for a long time, and he can always be satisfied with those who travel for a long time." The so-called circulation of qi, also known as refining qi, is to use my heart to make my qi fit my body and attack my illness. "Bao Puzi Zhi Li" said: "Although taking medicine is the foundation of longevity, if you can still move qi, you will get quick results." The so-called fetal interest means that you can't breathe in through your mouth and nose and take your own internal gas, just like in the womb. The theory of subtle fetal interest says: "the body is not aging, and the internal food is too abundant."

(5) Guidance: Guidance is a fitness method handed down from ancient times in China. It is a fitness technique that combines qi circulation, massage, gargling and physical exercise. According to the records of Dao Jing about Dao, Dao can regulate the camp and guard, eliminate grain and water, get rid of colds, produce blood, cure unborn diseases and incurable diseases. For example, people's meridians are like canals, and qi is the wind, so we must use the wind to dredge the meridians to make them unobstructed and not blocked. It is also said that stopping water will stink, the wood will be straight if it is not enough, and the car will rot if it doesn't drive. So the human body must be like running water, like a hinge. Exercise regularly. Taoism emphasizes the way of keeping in good health, so it pays great attention to guidance. Most monks know this kind of kung fu. Achieve longevity with the meaning of longevity. There are more than 1000 kinds of guiding methods listed in the Guide to Secret Classics. And various sects also have their own secret methods. In short, there are many ways. Generally speaking, there are Taiqing Health Care, Pengzu Health Care, Wang Ziqiao Health Care, Huatuo Health Care and so on. There is no doubt that guidance can cure diseases and strengthen the body. There are a lot of materials in Taoist books, which are worth exploring and studying. The longevity of Taoist practitioners is mostly due to this skill.

(6) Bigu Taoism believes that there are three worms in the human body (also known as three corpses and three peng): one in the brain palace, the other in the hall, and the third in the abdomen and stomach. Too clear to see the yellow emperor. It is the root of desire and the evil spirit that poisons the human body. They are born of the spirit of five grains in the human body. If people don't eat grains and cut off the spirit of grains, the three worms can't survive in the human body. "Three worms will die, never thinking about going to see the Yellow Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. There will be no evil spirits in the human body, and people can live forever. This statement is, of course, just an illusion of the ancients. Bigu only said that he would not eat whole grain meat, and the Lord advocated keeping healthy and refreshing, taking orally and swallowing yuan to take medicine.

(7) Huang Chi's way: that is, the art in the room, originated from ancient wizards. Hanshu. There is a 180 volume written by Fang Zhongjia in the Records of Arts and Literature. Jin also discussed and advocated this method in Bao Puzi. Collection 13, 38 volumes. Zheng Qiao's Literary Annals of Southern Song Dynasty consists of nine volumes and eighteen volumes. After the Song Dynasty, books about rooms frequently disappeared. The family in the room relied on the Yellow Emperor, Xuan Nv's son, Rong Chenggong and Zhang Zhang to perform this technique. The so-called "Huang Lao Chi is specialized, born with slender". Tao Hongjing's true name is Huang Chi's way. The art in the room is the art of telling taboos and treating diseases in the room. "Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi" said: "If you are happy and restrained, you will have a peaceful life, and fans will pay attention to it, and the students will die." Taoism emphasizes health preservation and advocates extensive inheritance, so Taoism advocates this technique. I think I can love essence and seek to "replenish essence and brain". As for the art that was later misunderstood as obscene, it was the devil's deception. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Kou once opposed "the art of combining qi between men and women". He said: "The avenue is empty, why bother!" Jin also said: "You can't be immortal in a one-way house, and you can't go to disaster to make you happy. Among the later Taoists, there was no sex school. The Taoist Quanzhen Sect is a monk who advocates abstinence and even opposes this technology.

There are many Daoism, and this paper only introduces some of the five Daoism.

As for Tao, there are more books, such as Tao Te Ching, The Book of Songs, Induction Essays and so on.

Willing to talk to you ...

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