Red wine variety
Cabernet franc
The alias Carmen Knight, the original Cabernet Sauvignon, originated in France, is an ancient French wine-making variety, which is cultivated all over the world and is a sister variety of Cabernet Sauvignon. China was first introduced from western Europe to Yantai, Shandong Province on 1892, and is now cultivated in the main producing areas. This product has always been a world-famous ancient wine variety, but its wine quality is not as good as that of Cabernet Sauvignon and its adaptability is not as good as that of Dragon and Snake Pearl. In recent years, the newly introduced "Pinlizhu" nutrition system has greatly improved its cultivation characteristics, which deserves attention.
Melo Melo
Alias Merlot Juice, originally from France. In Bordeaux, France, it cooperates with other varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon) to produce excellent dry red wine. In China, Western Europe was introduced to Yantai in Shandong on 1892. After 1970s, it was introduced from France, America and Australia for many times, and now it has been planted in major producing areas. This variety is an ancient wine-making variety in France. Causal dry red, as a blend to improve the fruit taste and color of wine, has been very popular in recent years, especially after the success of the first dry red brewed by Merlot in the United States in 1978, its planting area has developed rapidly. Although the early introduction in China has a history of nearly a hundred years, it has not been popularized. In recent years, influenced by the outside world, it has begun to vigorously promote the development of major producing areas.
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon is a red grape variety respected by the king. Ears are long and conical, and shoulders are divergent. The average weight of ears is about 250 grams, and the maximum weight of ears is 300 grams. The fruit is blue-black and nearly round. The weight of a single fruit is 65438±0.3g, the juice yield is 72.7%, and the soluble solid content is 65438 06.3%, with an average of 65438 0.83 inflorescences per fruit branch. It germinates in the middle and late March, matures and blooms in the middle of April from late July to early August, with an average growth period of about 143 days and an effective accumulated temperature of 2732.3℃. This variety has strong adaptability and moderate disease resistance, but it is in the rainy season when it matures in Kunming, which affects the solid accumulation. When the fruit is ripe, there are some green fruits.
The ideal Cabernet Sauvignon wine is rich in tannins, medium-bodied or full-bodied, and usually has a dry taste. Dark Cabernet Sauvignon wines made from mature grapes usually have mint or cedar flavor, accompanied by black cherry or chocolate flavor.
Cabernet Sauvignon is also called Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon. Cabernet Sauvignon is the most famous variety in the Cabernet Sauvignon family. It is not only the main brewing variety of traditional French Bordeaux wine, but also planted in many emerging grape producing areas to produce the most elegant and noble red wine. The wine made by Cabernet Sauvignon is stable and clear. When used alone, it will bring soft "green" taste and fresh directional taste to wine, and the "skeleton" feeling of wine is very clear. The aged wine is softer and more detailed, and the aroma is rich and long. In Bordeaux, France, it is customary to make wine with Cabernet Sauvignon and other varieties. Now the production time of some new wine producing areas proves that this move is not desirable. In short, Cabernet Sauvignon is widely planted in various producing areas and is well received.
Gamai Mei Jia
The ear is short and round, with an average ear weight of 320g and a maximum of 480g g. The fruit grain is black and nearly round, with a single fruit weight of 1.9g, a juice yield of 78. 1%, a soluble solid content of 16.5%, and an average of 2.2 inflorescences per fruit branch, most of which are 2. It germinates in early March, blooms in early and middle April and matures in mid-July. The average growth period is about 145 days, and the effective accumulated temperature is 2759℃. This variety has strong adaptability and moderate disease resistance, but there are a few green fruits when the fruit matures.
This variety is used to brew beaujolais red wine in Burgundy. In some other producing areas in the world, it has also received some attention. The wine it produces is rich and refreshing, with a little heat in lightness and delicacy. Not very beautiful, but pleasing to the eye. Generally, "Mei Jia" is indicated on the label, indicating that it is a fruity red wine as refreshing as Baozuli wine.
Melo Melo
Ears with one shoulder are conical, with an average weight of 333.3g and a maximum weight of 400g. The fruit is nearly round and purple-black, with a single fruit weight of 65438±0.5g, a juice yield of 72.9%, and a soluble solid content of 65438 07.6%, with an average of 65438 0.8 inflorescences per fruit branch. It germinates in early March and mid-March, blooms in mid-April and matures in mid-July. The average growth period is about 136 days, and the effective accumulated temperature is 26 12.8℃. Strong adaptability and moderate disease resistance. Fruit maturity is consistent.
In some vineyards in France, the proportion of planting is quite high. It can give wine a soft feeling, a pure feeling and a penetrating aroma; The faint fruit aroma is attractive as a whole. The typical aroma and mellow taste of Merlot make the wine have a mild style. All parts of the world are working hard to grow this fascinating variety. In vineyards all over Europe, such as Italy and other central European regions, Merlot is designated to brew well-received wines. Grape sorters can quench their thirst with Merlot because it has a faint sweet feeling, unlike some wine grape varieties which have a strong bitter feeling. In southern France, the cultivation of Merlot has been successful, and the methods to control downy mildew and white rot have been mastered, which has certain practical significance to all producing areas in the world.
Grey Pi Nuo Pi Nuo
Originated in Alsace, France, in addition to the origin, it is also planted in northern Italy (called
PinotGrigio) and German (called Rulander). Its grapes are often pink or red, and the wine produced has a high alcohol concentration. The extracted substances contained in it are quite high, with low acidity, and sometimes have a spice flavor.
Black Pi Nuo wine
Originally from Burgundy, France, it has a long cultivation history. The earliest record of Pinot Noir planting is 1 century, which was then called Pi Nuo Beauty. Pinot Noir is widely planted in Europe, with the largest planting area of about 654.38+0.2 million hectares in France, followed by the United States (4,000 hectares) and Switzerland (3,000 hectares). China began to introduce in 1980s, and it was distributed in Gansu, Shandong, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other regions.
The ear of fruit is small, with an average ear weight of 225 grams, conical or cylindrical, with accessory ears. The fruit is small, densely planted, weighing 145g, purple-black, round, neat and juicy. The sugar content was 173g/L, the acid content was 8.2g/L, and the juice yield was 74%.
The shoots are green, the young shoots are green, and the leaves and back are densely villous. Adult leaves are medium-large, nearly round, shallowly 3-lobed, with small bubbles on the leaves, fine hairs on the back of the leaves, pure serrations, and closed ovate petioles.
Medium-mature variety. Medium growth potential, strong seed setting, early fruiting and medium yield. Suitable for mountain cultivation with cool temperature and good drainage. Weak disease resistance.
Sheila Sheila
A grape native to the Rhone Valley in France, which is used locally to brew A.O.C red wine. The name is Shiraz, which is planted in many new producing areas in the world, and a single variety is used for brewing. Sheila can give wine a unique and attractive aroma and a complex and bony taste, which makes the wine not very rich but full, with stable quality and good aging. Like Cabernet Sauvignon in South Africa. Sheila's low yield can't bring high profits unless she prefers unique vineyards. Sheila is an ancient variety, and some people speculate that it was planted during the Persian dynasty.
Shiraz is an excellent grape variety. According to different years and producing areas, the flowering period is generally from June 5 to 15, and the grape ripening period is from September 15 to June 10. It is 8 days earlier than pomegranate in the south. I like a mild and stable climate. Syrah is the only red variety used in Nuckles, Durgun, cortese in the north. It has the characteristics of full and deep fragrance. Now it is used more and more in the south. Bright color, good oxidation resistance, heavy and fragrant tannins.
Jialiniang e Jialiniang
Alias Jiali wine, French red, Cabernet Sauvignon, fine wine. Originated in Spain, it is one of the ancient high-quality wine-making varieties in western European countries. It is cultivated all over the world. I was first introduced to Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe by 1892. At present, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and other producing areas are planted in large areas. This variety is one of the oldest red wine varieties in the world. The wine is ruby red, with positive taste and good aroma. Suitable for blending, peeling and brewing white wine or pink wine of other varieties. Although China has a cultivation history of nearly a hundred years and was once the main variety, it is difficult to brew high-quality dry red wine alone due to the poor quality of wine, and it has also decreased in recent years. However, it has the advantages of easy cultivation and high yield, and is quite popular with growers. Therefore, the audio factory still has a little area, which can be used to blend red wine and make brandy, so it has certain promotion significance and development prospects in production.
Babela
Babela comes from Italy and is the second largest cultivated variety in this country. Half of Piedmont's red wine comes from Babela. There are many styles of Babela wines, among which the high-quality varieties can withstand long-term aging. Babela's fruit still has high acidity even when it is fully ripe, which makes it have certain advantages in hot climate.
In southern Italy, when Babela grapes bear too many fruits, the wine produced may be thin and high in acidity. In Babela, Italy, it is also used to color Nebiolo wines, or mixed with other wines in southern Italy to improve the relatively thin volume and high acidity. In recent years, by limiting the grape yield and increasing the aging in oak barrels, the overall quality of Italian Babela has been improved. It can not only brew young and active new wine, but also produce rich and powerful wine.
Outside of Italy, Babela grows the most in Argentina, and in the United States, it mainly grows in Reyes, California.
Joaquin valley Babela, produced in the United States, is mainly used for blending wine to supplement the acidity lacking in other varieties.
The styles of high-quality Babela wines are very diverse. Generally speaking, wine is deep ruby red with full volume, low tannin content and high acid content.
Chinsot claim
Shensuo wine originated in France and has been growing together with the wine industry in languedoc, southern France for hundreds of years. Today, it is planted across Provence and Midi. Since the 1970s, the cultivation of the sacred lock in France has decreased. It is mainly used to blend wine, and today it is still a component of the famous Chateauneuf-du-Pape wine in Rhone.
Shensuo is widely cultivated in Italy, Morocco, Tunisia and the Middle East, and also distributed to some extent in Eastern Europe, Australia and South Africa.
The main language of the claim is blended with wines such as Corinth and Jiali Brewing, but sometimes it is also used to produce a single variety of red wine. The fruit of Shensuo is much larger than other red wine varieties, and sometimes it is even regarded as a fresh grape with a low peel/juice ratio, so the color of wine sometimes looks pale and can be used to brew pink wine. Shensuo wine has soft and ripe berry flavor, low tannin content, slightly strawberry jam and boiled plum flavor. Shensuo wine shows a wet towel smell when it is young, but this smell will soon disappear with ventilation.
Greenach
It comes from Aragon region in northeastern Spain and is also the most cultivated red wine variety in Spain. Rioja and Navarra have large areas of cultivation. Collins is one of the raw materials for blending the famous Spanish VegaSiciliaa wine. It is also the second largest variety of red wine in the world.
Corinthian history is planted in a large area in France, covering the south of Roussillon, as well as the south of languedoc, Midi and Rhone Valley. It can produce high-quality wine in hot, windy and dry conditions. In these areas, grape plants are not reshaped to ensure low yield, thus producing rich wine. Collins can brew a single variety of red wine and pink wine, but it is more used to blend Jiali wine, Shensuo and Syrah. In Gotham, until the end of 1970s, Corinth was the most cultivated wine variety, which was later surpassed by Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon. Today, in Barossa Valley, Corinthian wines are mainly used to mix with Shiraz wines.
Compared with other red wine varieties, Corinth is lighter in color, especially under the condition of high yield, the wine matures faster. If the output is well controlled, Collins can brew rich red wine, which can be aged for decades. It is also used to produce pink wine and fortified wine.
Malbec malbec
Malbec, native to France, is one of the five varieties allowed for wine blending in Bordeaux. It used to be famous, but recently it has fallen out of favor, mainly because it is easy to get sick, its frost resistance is not strong and its fruit setting is poor. Marbeck grew in many parts of France in history, but today it is mainly concentrated in the southwest.
Malbec is widely planted in Argentina, producing some single wine with good quality, and also planted in Chile and Australia.
Marbert red wine is fruity and balanced, with aromas of blackcurrant, mulberry and plum, and occasionally shows the taste of peach. The taste is softer than cabernet. In addition, malbec is also used to blend wine, which makes wine have early drinking. Soft-bodied, distinctive, beautiful in color and containing a considerable amount of tannins, it is suitable for blending Cabernet Sauvignon.
Nebiolo
It originated in Italy and can produce the most unforgettable and lasting wine. Nebiolo called the Italian wine industry the deepest secret in the world. It was only cultivated in Piedmont in the northwest, and it didn't spread to other parts of the world until more than ten years ago. Today, Nebiolo is the first choice for Italy's top DOCG wines. Even in Piedmont, Nebiolo is only cultivated in a few selected areas. Due to the difficulty in planting and low yield, the output of Nebiolo only accounts for 30% of Piedmont.
Although Nebiolo's trial planting has been carried out in wine producing areas all over the world, few of them have achieved perfect success. Usually, once Nebiolo grapes leave their native land, they will lose their unique aroma. At present, only a few Nebiolo grapes are grown in North and South America. In Argentina, the quality of wine is affected by the poor control of growers' output.
Excellent Nabiolo wine has rich flavor and complex aroma, which can be balanced by high acidity and tannin content.
Small taste and many flavors.
It originated in France and is one of the five classic varieties used to blend red wine in Bordeaux today. It was once more important than Cabernet Sauvignon in Medoc, but it gradually lost its dominant position because of its late maturity. Today, little Vito is still widely planted in southern Medoc.
When blending Bordeaux red wine, small flavor contributes to rich flavor and deep color. Outside France, Little Will has been cultivated in Chile and Napa Valley, California, USA.
Little Verdo is used to blend wine. Its aroma contains spices and pepper, which is very similar to Syrah's style. Because its skin is thick and black, it provides wonderful color for blending wine.
Sangiovese
Originated in Italy, it is the most cultivated red grape variety in Italy. The name of Sangiovese is Tuscany, and the earliest record can be traced back to16th century. It is the raw material for some of the most famous Italian wines, such as the only raw material for producing Bruni Rodi montalcino wine, and also the main raw material for Chianti wine. It is very important to choose the single line of this variety, otherwise the produced wine can only reach the general quality.
Once Sangiovese is far away from its native land, it is often acclimatized, so it is rarely planted outside Italy. A small amount of Sangiovese grapes are grown in Argentina, South Africa and Napa Valley in California. It is worth mentioning that although the grapes grown in California have a deep historical relationship with relatives in Italy, the Sangiovese wine produced in California now has its own unique style.
Sangiovese is a typical son of Italy. Its spice flavor includes cinnamon, black pepper, stewed plum and black cherry, as well as fresh and full earthy flavor. Newer wines sometimes give off a faint floral fragrance.
French orchid
Also known as Blue France, Eurasian species, originated in Austria, and was introduced to China from France in 1892, and is now cultivated in Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places.
Nearly round, blue-black, reddish juice, juice yield of 78%. The wine brewed with it is ruby red, clear and shiny, with typical red wine aroma, soft and refreshing, suitable acidity, good aftertaste and high quality.
The requirements for soil are not strict, and barren land and arid land can grow well. Moderate disease resistance, no fruit cracking, a little sunburn. Suitable for hedge cultivation and middle tip pruning.
French orchid is an excellent variety for brewing dry red and sweet red wine, which can be cultivated in North China, southern Liaoning and central northwest China.
CabemetGemischet snake dragon ball
Originated in France, it is one of the ancient varieties in France, and it is a sister variety with Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. 1892 was introduced to China and is now cultivated in Yantai.
The wine brewed with it is ruby red, clear and shiny, soft and refreshing, typical Cabernet Sauvignon, and of high quality.
Cabernet Gernischet is a world-famous variety for brewing red wine, which should be cultivated in Shandong, Southeast, North China and Northwest China.
Spebogong underground space
Spatburunder is an ancient red grape variety. This tiny grape ripens late, so it can produce rich, substantial and edible wine with a slight almond flavor.
Tempra Nilo
Tempaniyo is native to northern Spain. Lime soil on barren slopes is the best planting condition. Unlike other Spanish products, Tempaniyo is suitable for a cooler and milder climate. Tempaniyou is the most important variety in Leoha, which is mainly planted in Alta of rioja and Alavisa of rioja in Upper Leoha. It is also widely cultivated in northern Spain, but it is not famous in other countries. Tempaniyou's quality is not bad, and its common shortcoming is lack of acidity. Wine is usually mixed with other grape varieties.
Xian fen Dai xian fen
Introduced from Italy to California in the19th century, it is the largest variety planted locally at present, and is mainly used to produce general table wine and semi-sweet sparkling liquor. However, if planted on the cool gravel slope, the yield is small and the soaking process is long, and high-quality and long-lasting red wine can be brewed, with rich floral and fruity fragrance, which often has the flavor of various spices after aging. DryCreekValley, AlexandraValley, Geyserville, Amador, SierraFoothill and PasoRobles are the best producing areas.
Nutritional analysis
1. Wine contains nutrients such as sugars, alcohols, organic acids, inorganic salts and vitamins, which have different benefits for human development;
2. Wine is the only alkaline alcoholic beverage, which can neutralize the big fish, big meat and rice flour acidic foods that modern people eat every day, reduce bad cholesterol in the blood and promote digestion;
3. Wine contains antioxidant components and rich phenolic compounds, which can prevent arteriosclerosis and platelet aggregation, protect and maintain the normal physiological functions of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and play a role in protecting the heart and preventing stroke;
Red wine is rich in tannic acid, which can prevent tooth decay and radiation damage. Drinking wine has a good beauty beauty effect on women, which can invigorate qi and promote blood circulation, making skin elastic;
5. Red wine contains more antioxidants, which can eliminate or fight oxygen free radicals, so it has the functions of anti-aging and disease prevention, and can also prevent Alzheimer's disease if it is drunk frequently;
6. Grape skin contains resveratrol. Among hundreds of plants commonly eaten by human beings, resveratrol has the best anticancer performance. This component can prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous and inhibit the spread of cancer cells. Red wine is made from the whole fruit of grapes, so it is a good anti-cancer product.
Related population
Normal healthy adults can drink it.
1. Women are more suitable;
2. Patients with diabetes and severe ulcers should not drink alcohol.
manufacture order
1. It is incorrect to add carbonated drinks such as sprite and cola to wine. On the one hand, it destroys the original pure fruit fragrance, on the other hand, it also affects the original nutrition and efficacy because of the addition of a lot of sugar and gas.
It is also incorrect to drink with ice cubes. Because the wine is diluted with ice, it is not suitable for consumers with hyperacidity and ulcers.
3. Red wine can be drunk at room temperature and does not need to be chilled. It is best to open a bottle 1 hour, and then drink it after the wine has fully breathed the air.
food therapy
Wine has the functions of nourishing, helping digestion, preventing edema, diuresis and sterilization;
Conducive to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the protection of the heart and the prevention of stroke. It has a good beauty beauty effect, and it is a good anti-cancer product. Regular drinking can also prevent Alzheimer's disease.
White wine: white grapes or red grapes are peeled, squeezed and fermented. Light yellow or golden yellow in color, clear and transparent, with unique typicality. Liquor is not white, just as white grapes are not white. Include all the yellow in ordinary colors. The older the year, the yellower the color!
Wine is a kind of beverage wine made from grape fermentation. Its color, fruity taste and mellow flavor vary with grape varieties, producing areas and advantages and disadvantages. It can be divided into white wine, red wine and rose wine. The alcohol content is generally 8% ~ 20%, which is an elegant beverage with sweet and mellow taste and rich nutrition, and can prevent and treat many diseases. It first prevailed in France, Europe, America and the whole world. In recent years, it has also become an indispensable drink on Chinese people's tables and celebrations.
White wine is made of grapes with lighter colors, peeled when brewing, and is generally used for cooking seafood dishes.
Nutritional analysis
1. Wine contains nutrients such as sugars, alcohols, organic acids, inorganic salts and vitamins, which have different benefits for human development;
2. Wine is the only alkaline alcoholic beverage, which can neutralize the big fish, big meat and rice flour acidic foods that modern people eat every day, reduce bad cholesterol in the blood and promote digestion;
3. Wine contains antioxidant components and rich phenolic compounds, which can prevent arteriosclerosis and platelet aggregation, protect and maintain the normal physiological functions of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and play a role in protecting the heart and preventing stroke;
4. Drinking wine has a good beauty beauty effect on women, which can invigorate qi and promote blood circulation, making skin elastic;
5. Grape skin contains resveratrol, which has the best anti-cancer performance among hundreds of plants that people often eat. This component can prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous and inhibit the spread of cancer cells. Red wine is made from the whole fruit of grapes, so it is a good anti-cancer product;
6. Red wine contains more antioxidants, which can eliminate or fight oxygen free radicals, so it has the functions of anti-aging and disease prevention, and it can also prevent Alzheimer's disease if it is drunk frequently.
Related population
Healthy adults.
1. Women are more suitable;
2. Patients with diabetes and severe ulcers should not drink alcohol.
manufacture order
1. It is incorrect to add carbonated drinks such as sprite and cola to wine. On the one hand, it destroys the original pure fruit fragrance, on the other hand, it also affects the original nutrition and efficacy because of the addition of a lot of sugar and gas.
It is also incorrect to drink with ice cubes. Because the wine is diluted with ice, it is too suitable for consumers with hyperacidity and ulcers.
White wine tastes better after being chilled.
food therapy
Wine has the functions of nourishing, helping digestion, preventing edema, diuresis and sterilization;
Conducive to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the protection of the heart and the prevention of stroke. It has a good beauty beauty effect, and it is a good anti-cancer product. Regular drinking can also prevent Alzheimer's disease.
comment
1. China is famous for its wines. Modern wine brewing began in the late Qing Dynasty, and started in 1892 by Changyu Grape Brewing Company in Yantai, Shandong Province. Since liberation, China's grape wine industry has developed rapidly, with rich varieties, including red wine, white wine, light red wine, pink wine and orange wine. According to the sugar content, there are super sweet wine, sweet wine and semi-dry wine. According to the processing methods, there are original juice wine, fortified wine (high concentration) and added wine.
2. The brewing technology of wine not only inherits the traditional operation method, but also innovates constantly. Generally, it goes through the processes of material selection, crushing, juicing, main fermentation, post-fermentation, storage, clarification, bottling and so on.
Nutritional components of white wine (per100g)
Component name content
Moisture (g) 9.4
Energy (kcal) 66
Energy (kilojoule) 275
Protein (g) 0. 1
Fat (g) 0. 1
Carbohydrate (g) 0.0 1
Dietary fiber (g) 0.04
Cholesterol (mg) 0
Ash (g) 18
Vitamin a (mg) 2
Carotene (mg) 35
Retinol (mg) 1.6
Thiamine (μ g) 3
Riboflavin 2 mg
Nicotinic acid (mg) 0.02
Vitamin C (mg) 0.06
Vitamin E(T) (mg) 0.06