The gluteus maximus can make the thigh stretch backward and rotate outward, straighten the trunk, and prevent the trunk from leaning forward when the lower limbs are fixed, so as to maintain the balance of the body. It is innervated by the gluteal nerve (lumbar 5, sacrum 1 ~ 2). Because of the hypertrophy of this muscle, the hip is the most commonly used part of muscle injection.
Gluteal muscle is divided into three layers: superficial gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata; The middle layer includes gluteus medius, piriformis, popliteus, obturator internus and quadratus femoris. The deep layer has the outer layers of gluteus minimus and obturator internus. The blood vessels and nerves in the hip include superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins, sciatic nerve and inferior gluteal nerve.
Extended data
The gluteus maximus is located under the skin of the buttocks and is a square and thick flat muscle. From the ilium back, sacrococcygeal bone, lumbodorsal fascia, posterior sacral tubercle ligament of posterior gluteal line. The muscle fibers incline outward and downward, the upper muscle fibers pass through the greater trochanter and migrate to the deep surface of iliotibial tract with aponeurosis, and the lower muscle fibers stop at the femoral gluteus tuberosity with thick aponeurosis.
The function of this muscle, when it is near fixation, is mainly to extend the thigh backwards, followed by adduction and external rotation. When fixed far away, the pelvis leans back and the trunk stretches to keep the human body upright. This muscle plays an important role in stretching the thigh when running and jumping. Kicking back, running back and prone hind legs can develop the strength of gluteus maximus. The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve (sacral plexus L5 ~ S2).
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