Three most common birth control methods
Abstinence locks genitals with chastity belts.
Induced abortion, people drink strange toxic potions, sniff musk, tighten the abdominal belt, kick the lower abdomen, puncture the uterus, smoke, fill the mud, or take emetic, bleed, take a hot bath, exercise vigorously, and have sex after pregnancy. In order to induce abortion, Arab women put vaginal suppositories containing irritating drugs into the uterus.
Drowning a baby
The most traditional contraceptive methods: in vitro fertilization and lactation.
Semen separation method
The ancient Greeks and Romans stuffed all kinds of things into women's vaginas. Such as lump honey, cedar gum and even crocodile dung.
In ancient China and Japan, silk oiled paper, rags and sponges were stuffed into women's vaginas as barriers. The ancients in China also used fish fat as condoms. It is conceivable that it is not easy to find a suitable fish maw because of the different sizes of male penises.
Other contraceptive methods
After sexual intercourse, squat down to discharge semen, sneeze and jump up and down. The ancient Greeks believed that cleaning the vagina with alum, wine, seawater, mixed phenol soap or vinegar could also achieve the purpose of contraception.
Toronto Contraceptive Museum has collected more than 600 kinds of contraceptives over the years, making it the largest contraceptive museum in the world. However, according to Pitra Goldhead, the head of the museum department, not all these contraceptive devices invented by the ancients are effective, and some of them are even harmful to the human body and have fatal consequences.
However, several contraceptive devices invented by ancient people have obviously proved to be very effective. For example, an ancient contraceptive prescription was written in Egyptian hieroglyphics on an Egyptian papyrus 3,500 years ago. According to the prescription, wool balls soaked in gum Arabic, coconut and honey can be implanted in women to prevent pregnancy. Although this prescription is very old, the experiment proves that it is very effective. Goldhead said: "Because gum Arabic contains lactic acid, it is a natural spermicide."
Ancient India: Animal Manure Contraception
In addition, in India and Egypt more than 3,000 years ago, the feces of crocodiles, elephants and other animals considered to have mysterious power were also used as contraceptives. In fact, because the feces of these animals are highly acidic, they do have a certain spermicidal effect. However, Goldhead said that the strong smell of animal feces obviously affected the "sexual interest" of ancient couples.
The embryonic form of modern condoms: sheep intestines
There were also many superstitious methods of contraception in the Middle Ages, but these methods were obviously ineffective. For example, some medieval European women used to make amulets with small bags containing mule earwax, weasel testicles and black cat bones, and tied them to their bodies during sexual intercourse to achieve contraceptive effect.
In addition, some ancient contraceptive methods are full of dangers to the human body. For example, ancient people used to drink graphite or mercury to achieve contraceptive effect, but this dangerous method can easily lead to death. In 1930s, westerners also invented a hexagonal block-something similar to a "uterine sleeve" to prevent women from getting pregnant, but this contraceptive was later called a "tool for torturing women".
In the museum's collection, there are condoms made of sheep intestines by the ancients, which are obviously a little close to the embryonic form of modern condoms.
The ancient Greeks and Romans stuffed all kinds of things into women's vaginas. Such as lump honey, cedar gum and even crocodile dung.
In ancient China and Japan, silk oiled paper, rags and sponges were stuffed into women's vaginas as barriers. The ancients in China also used fish fat as condoms. It is conceivable that it is not easy to find a suitable fish maw because of the different sizes of male penises.
Since human beings know the knowledge about semen and conception, many countries in the world have begun to look for ways to control fertility and contraception. In ancient times, although the population was small, everyone wanted to have more children and grandchildren, but people also realized that too frequent and uncontrolled childbearing was harmful to the health of mothers and children, especially in the case of economic oppression, natural disasters, wars and migration, it was still necessary to restrict childbearing. Therefore, for thousands of years, human beings have been trying to prevent semen from entering the uterus in various ways to achieve the purpose of contraception.
Contraceptive methods of ancient Egyptians;
As early as thousands of years ago, the ancient Egyptians recorded what may be the earliest contraceptive prescription for human beings in a paper book made of grass. The method is to mix crocodile dung with a paste, make a tampon and put it into a woman's vagina. Maybe they think crocodile feces can absorb semen, or it can prevent semen from entering the cervix. But the effect is hard to say. In fact, using animal feces to stop semen has always been one of the "vaginal contraception" methods adopted by some countries in the ancient Middle East.
Contraceptive methods in ancient Rome;
In the 2nd century A.D., there was an obstetrician, Solanus, who was skeptical about all kinds of "oral contraceptives" and "abortifacients" handed down from ancient times. She thinks that even if these things are effective, they will fail because of digestion. Therefore, she suggested using wool as an "embolus" to block the uterine orifice, or doping wool with a paste that is thought to slow down the sperm speed, so as to make the wool suppository more compact. The effectiveness of this "instrument" and "chemistry" two-pronged method is unknown, but it can be said to be the pioneer of modern contraceptive methods.
Solanas also suggested that if the "wool plug" is not used, the remedy can be adopted afterwards. The solution is that during sexual intercourse, when a man shoots semen, the woman should immediately get up and bend her knees to make the sperm flow out. Then women should do a thorough vaginal cleaning, which also has certain practical effects. Until now, under some special conditions, some people still take this contraceptive method afterwards.
Contraceptive methods in ancient Greece;
The ancient Greeks used an "oral contraceptive", which is said to be a magical decoction. The Greek Hippocrates wrote in one of his works: "This soup called Mishi, diluted with water, can make women sterile for one year." The formula of this soup has not been handed down. Whether it is really so magical or not, I dare not believe it all.
Interruption of handover in sexual intercourse interruption and contraception;
Before the popularization of modern new contraceptive methods, the oldest, most common and most economical contraceptive method was "interruption of handover" or "interruption of sexual intercourse", which may be the most "longevity" contraceptive method for human beings. The classic Genesis of the Old Testament mentions the example of southern Russia. Today, under some inconvenient circumstances, some people still use this method. The so-called "handover interruption" means that when a man and a woman hand over, they will not make a move, and they will stop if they don't reach the level of hyperactivity. This method requires high endurance and will reduce the satisfaction of sexual intercourse. The so-called "interruption of sexual intercourse" means that the man ejaculates outside the vagina, but this method is easy to make both men and women nervous during sexual intercourse, and it is difficult to achieve a state of excitement and reconciliation. Moreover, the above two methods can not guarantee the complete success of contraception either because some sperm have oozed out before ejaculation or because the man can't get out.
Contraceptive methods of ancient Hebrews;
In modern times, the new Malthusian Price introduced an ancient Hebrew contraceptive method, namely "sponge contraception". This method is to wet a sponge ball with a long and narrow ribbon with water before women have sex, and then put it into the vagina to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, and take it out immediately after sex. This contraceptive method is somewhat similar to the modern "vaginal diaphragm" contraceptive method.
In short, since men and women discovered 1+ 1 = 3, people all over the world have been exploring and practicing various contraceptive methods for the sake of human development and have never stopped exploring. But it was not until modern times, with the progress of science and technology, with the emergence of oral contraceptives, condoms, contraceptive rings and sterilization operations, that human contraception was truly guaranteed.
Contraception is not an invention of modern people. Looking back at the history of human civilization, it is not difficult to find that with the development of civilization, various contraceptive methods came into being. From the perspective of modern people, these contraceptive methods recorded in various documents are both astounding and amazing, which can be described as a mixture of good and evil.
Like fecal contraception and other contraceptive methods.
A contraceptive prescription recorded in Egyptian papyrus can be said to be the earliest contraceptive method for human beings. This prescription shows that mixing crocodile feces with paste-like substances, making tampons and putting them into the vagina can absorb semen and block sperm from entering the cervix. The effect of this method is not recorded, but some Muslims like to use elephant feces instead of crocodile feces. /kloc-Before 0/3rd century, elephant dung was always an important "vaginal contraceptive" they used. Modern scholars have studied this, and the results are quite interesting: elephant dung is acidic and does have spermicidal effect, but crocodile dung is alkaline, which is beneficial to sperm survival.
In Rome, another birthplace of civilization, local women adopted the "olive oil contraceptive method", which was recommended by Aristotle, a great philosopher in the 4th century BC. In the 2nd century A.D., an obstetrician and gynecologist in Rome proposed a more reliable method. He suggested using wool as an "embolus" and mixing it with some pastes that can slow down sperm movement. Then block the cervix. It's not hard to see that it's a bit like modern birth control pills and uterine caps.
As for Indians, it may be the first to know that salt has contraceptive effect. An ancient medical book suggested that before sexual intercourse, women can put a piece of "oily rock salt" into the vagina to achieve the purpose of contraception, and sometimes they can apply honey or butter to the vagina to kill sperm entering the vagina.
Sexual intercourse interruption method and afterwards remedy method
The oldest contraceptive method that people are still happy to use today is the "sexual intercourse interruption method". In the ancient Jewish custom, when a brother dies without leaving any offspring, the younger brother is obliged to marry a widowed wife and take the born boy as the legal heir of the deceased brother. According to the Bible, Onan, the son of Judah, disobeyed his father's orders and spilled semen on the ground while having fun with his widowed wife. He is unwilling to sow seeds for his brother. As a result, God got angry and killed Onan. Although Ou Nan died, "Onamism" named after him has been handed down. Although God doesn't allow it, this method has been used by many kind men and women.
The method of artificial contraception, as well as the "remedy afterwards" advocated by Roman obstetricians and gynecologists mentioned above, said that after ejaculation, a man and a woman should hold their breath, take a step back, then get up immediately, kneel down, sneeze to let sperm flow out and do a thorough vaginal irrigation. I believe many women can't do such a complicated step, but the last step may have some practical effects.
Ancient contraceptive methods
Before the advent of 1880 condoms, the contraceptive methods used by the predecessors were colorful. The earliest contraceptive record appeared in Chapter 38 of Genesis, and the owner used the contraceptive method of interrupting sexual intercourse. Although many ancient contraceptive methods seem ridiculous now, some of them still have certain scientific basis:
Contraceptive methods in ancient Egypt
BC 1850, aristocratic women like to apply crocodile excrement or elephant excrement to vagina, because these excrement are alkaline and have spermicidal effect.
300 years later, women soaked cotton flowers in fermented Arabic rubber sap and stuffed them into the uterus, because the sap contained lactic acid, just like modern spermicide cream.
Ancient Greek contraceptive methods
In Aristotle's works, he taught women to apply oak oil, lead-containing ointment and frankincense to the uterus to make semen "automatically" flow out.
It is said that women who drink copper sulfate can have contraception for one year.
A spermicidal ointment is prepared from canary kidney and eunuch urine.
Calculate the safety period.
Contraceptive methods in ancient India
When a man is about to ejaculate, he presses the penis root to let the semen "flow back" to the bladder.
Afterwards, the woman's vagina was washed with normal saline to "clean" the semen.
Ancient Islamic contraceptive methods
Apply mineral salt, onion juice and fragrant tree juice to a man's penis.
Apply pomegranate juice to a woman's uterus.
Other ancient contraceptive methods
European women use lemon juice with fruit acid as spermicide.
About 100 years ago, the Japanese made condoms from tortoise shells, antelope horns or animal skins.
African women use pods to make female condoms.
The ancient Romans used goat casings to make male condoms. It is said that this kind of condom was widely used in western Europe at the beginning of19th century.
If a modern woman has 30 years of contraceptive experience, then historically, the female group has almost 4000 years of contraceptive history! Since the patriarchal society, women's fertility has an unnatural social attribute, which is subordinate to men. Therefore, adulterers and prostitutes need contraception to protect their social existence. At that time, although a lot of labor was still needed, fertility was not just a matter of racial reproduction. Just like now, contraception is the need of unmarried people first, and then the social need of controlling population after marriage.
How did women use contraception before? Those methods now sound like anecdotes and can be said to be omnipotent. All kinds of herbs, stones, crocodile droppings, animal mummies, etc. I have used them all, and the effect is naturally unreliable. In medieval Europe, it was said that a woman could not get pregnant by hanging a bone from the right body of a black cat around her neck. Do you think this will help? Weasel testicles or bones can also be used. It is said that if it still doesn't work, you can make the mule's earwax into an amulet and hang it on your body.
According to the data, the ancient Greeks knew the difference between "contraception" and "abortion" thousands of years ago, which should make many modern people feel ashamed-there are indeed many modern people who don't know how to use contraception in advance and can only have an abortion afterwards.
Three most common birth control methods
Abstinence uses chastity belt to lock genital abortion, drink strange toxic liquid medicine, smell musk, tighten abdominal belt, kick lower abdomen, prick uterus, smoke, plug mud, take emetic, bleed, take hot bath, take strenuous exercise, have sex after pregnancy, etc. In order to induce abortion, Arab women put vaginal suppositories containing irritating drugs into the uterus to drown their babies. The most traditional contraceptive methods: in vitro sperm discharge, lactation and semen separation. The ancient Greeks and Romans stuffed all kinds of things into women's vaginas. Such as lump honey, cedar gum and even crocodile dung. In ancient China and Japan, silk oiled paper, rags and sponges were stuffed into women's vaginas as barriers. The ancients in China also used fish fat as condoms. It is conceivable that it is not easy to find a suitable fish maw because of the different sizes of male penises. Other contraceptive methods: After sexual intercourse, squat down to discharge semen, sneeze and jump up and down. The ancient Greeks believed that cleaning the vagina with alum, wine, seawater, mixed phenol soap or vinegar could also achieve the purpose of contraception. One of the earliest sayings about contraception comes from the Bible. In Genesis, God asked human beings to stop sexual intercourse, which is also commonly known as "abstinence method". From 384 to 322 BC, Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, was regarded as the first person who proposed using natural chemicals such as aromatic asphalt, lead-containing ointment or olibanum oil as spermicide. Pliny, an ancient Roman writer who wrote natural history from 23 to 79 AD, advised readers to refrain from sexual desire to avoid pregnancy. He was the first person to advocate abstinence as a contraceptive method. /kloc-In the 7th century, the physician condom of King charles ii of England invented the male condom. Its raw material is lamb cecum, and the thinness of the best product can reach 0.038 mm (the current latex condom is generally 0.030 mm). At that time, it was a great event that sensationalized the whole world. Condom doctors were knighted for this invention, and Britain earned a lot of foreign exchange for it. 1725-1798 Casanova, the prodigal son, introduced the details of trying contraceptive methods in his autobiography. He described that he tried to hollow out half a lemon peel and use it as a primitive uterine cap. 1827, scientists discovered the existence of eggs, which was a major scientific breakthrough. All I know is that sperm will get pregnant after entering a woman's body. This discovery is the first step to understand human reproduction. 1832, Charles Norton, a doctor in Massachusetts, USA, invented a contraceptive solution that can be injected into the uterus through a syringe after sexual intercourse. This solution has different formulations, including salt, vinegar, liquid chlorine, zinc sulfite or potassium aluminum sulfate. In the next 40 years, injection was widely used. 1838 Friedrich Wilde, a German doctor, gave the patient a small uterine cap, which can cover the cervix during menstruation. This contraceptive method has never been widely used, but the world-famous "Wilde hat" has become the predecessor of modern uterine caps. 1839, Charles Goodyear invented rubber vulcanization technology and put it into practical application, producing rubber condoms, intrauterine devices, vaginal irrigators and uterine caps. In 1843, scientists made it clear that when sperm meets an egg, it will become pregnant. In the past, people thought that men created life; Women only provide places for life. In the 1970s, various contraceptives appeared in the United States, such as condoms, contraceptive sponges, irrigators and uterine caps. These can be bought from catalogues, pharmacists, dry goods stores and even rubber vendors. 1873 On March 2, the United States Congress passed the Comstock Act, which clearly stipulated that contraceptives were obscene and prohibited from spreading through the post office or interstate trade. At that time, the United States was the only western country that issued a law declaring contraception illegal. Catherine Dexter McCormick, a patron of the disabled movement from 65438 to 0875, was born in a noble family in Dexter, Michigan.
The world's oldest condoms were first exhibited at the British Museum in London, and historians were puzzled by their size. These 350-year-old condoms are made from the small intestine of animals, one end of which is sewn tightly with silk thread, and the opening at the other end can be tightened to prevent slipping. For couples in the17th century, this kind of condom is difficult to come in handy immediately when needed, because it can only be used after being soaked in warm milk for one night.
These condoms were found in the toilet of a tower in Dudley Castle in central England during an excavation project in the mid-1980s. Historians believe that condoms have been used, and may be used more than once. In addition, the British Museum also exhibited a pair of18th century condoms, which were also made from animal small intestines.
Historians are puzzled that the condoms in17th century were about 18.5 mm narrower than modern condoms, while the samples in18th century were about 1 1.5 mm wider than today. And the texture of condoms at that time was as thin as it is today, which is surprising.
Games, an expert from the British Museum, said that the condom was not designed for contraception, but for gentlemen who went to brothels for pleasure, mainly to prevent them from contracting sexually transmitted diseases, because syphilis was very popular in 17 and 18 centuries.
Because condoms are handmade and can be used many times, it is estimated that they were expensive at that time.
The British Museum said that as far as they know, there are still a batch of 18 13 antique condoms, which are now stored in a museum in Sweden.