People-oriented safety management should first "know people", that is, the importance of knowing people. The core of people-oriented management is people, and people are the most important resource in an organization, which is the biggest difference between people-oriented management and "material"-centered management. People are the source of the competitiveness of construction enterprises, while other resources (such as machines, technology and capital) revolve around how to make full use of the core resource "people" and how to serve people. Among all kinds of management themes of construction enterprises, safety production management is undoubtedly an important theme. Safety management is a complex system engineering, involving many influencing factors, of which human is the dominant factor. In enterprises that implement people-oriented management, enterprise people can be divided into management subjects and management objects. The management subject here refers to people or a collection of people who have management knowledge and skills, have corresponding authority and power, and engage in management activities. The object of management refers to the person who accepts management. It is beneficial to the smooth development of safety production management to study and treat the management subject and management object separately.
1, management subject is the key to safety production management.
Under normal circumstances, people attribute the cause of casualties to unsafe behavior of people and unsafe state of things. However, through further in-depth analysis, we can find that there is a deeper reason for the existence of unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of things, that is, managers have not discovered and recognized the hazards of these phenomena, made correct decisions on eliminating and controlling these hazards, or have not fully implemented the decisions made. Therefore, it can be said that the root cause of casualties is management mistakes. Management mistakes are often related to the personal qualities of managers. Thus, in the activities of building safety production management, the personal quality of managers will directly affect the quality of safety production work, which is the key to safety production management. This requires managers engaged in safety production to constantly learn, educate and improve themselves. A qualified project manager should not only have certain qualities such as engineering technology and interpersonal coordination ability, but also have a deep understanding of safety science. In the work of safety production management, the management subject can master the general management theory, follow these laws and principles, and correctly use these methods in practical work, so as to organize and use various resources more scientifically and effectively, correctly and comprehensively use management functions such as decision-making, organization, leadership control and innovation, and control unsafe factors from unsafe behaviors of materials and people, thus avoiding casualties and ensuring the safety and health of employees in production.
2. The management object has a great reaction to the success or failure of safety production management.
As the object of management, man is the first object to receive management instructions. Knowing this marks that enterprises are beginning to move towards people-oriented management. As the management object, people never passively accept the role, influence and management instructions of the management subject, but show active or passive obedience to the requirements of the management subject, and even ignore or resist the management instructions of the management subject. In recent years, migrant workers have become the main force in the construction industry. According to statistics, 60-70% of migrant workers' education level is below junior high school, their comprehensive quality is not enough, and they tend to go to extremes in their work. Their behavior is often the direct factor of safety accidents. Many times, in order to vent their dissatisfaction with managers, they work illegally and deliberately damage machines, brackets, guardrails, etc. , causing safety accidents from time to time. Therefore, they have a great reaction to the success or failure of safety production management.
3. Perfect incentive mechanism is the premise of safety production management.
Owners or construction units can motivate, guide, maintain and standardize the behavior of their organization members by designing appropriate working environment, code of conduct and a series of external rewards and punishments, so as to effectively realize the systematic activities of safety production goals, which is called "motivator". In other words, enterprises and managers exert external stimuli to influence the motivation behind employees' behavior, so that employees can take actions in the way that the organization hopes, so as to achieve the consistency and unity between personal efforts and enterprise safety production goals. In short, to ensure safety in production, it is necessary to ensure that the behaviors implemented by employees in various departments conform to the regulations and let employees take the behaviors that enterprises hope.
Incentive should be a perfect three-level incentive mechanism system, that is, the owner's incentive to the construction unit and supervision unit, the construction unit's incentive to its employees, and the supervision of public opinion on the whole project. For example, the owner implements a team incentive plan for the construction project department, such as putting forward higher safety standards for its investment projects; You can also give certain rewards to the construction project department that meets the safety production standards; If it is a multi-bid project, a "safety production competition" can be held across the board, experts can be organized to conduct safety inspection and rank irregularly, and the project department with potential safety hazards can be criticized or punished by taking corresponding compulsory measures, and rectification is required. This will enable the project department to carry out self-inspection continuously during the construction process, which is conducive to the formation of a good situation of catching up with each other. In terms of internal incentives of construction units, it is a common method to set up construction safety award. However, it should be noted that bonuses cannot be treated equally, and the timing of bonus distribution should be scientific and reasonable. The monthly or quarterly distribution unit may sometimes be more motivating than the bonus after the project is completed. Similarly, the construction unit can carry out competitions such as "Safe Production Month" and "One Hundred Days of Safe Production without Accidents", and create activities such as "Youth Safety Demonstration Post" to create an atmosphere of "caring for life and paying attention to safety". In addition, taking measures such as job enrichment and giving employees, especially front-line employees (mostly migrant workers), comprehensive spiritual and material incentives can also achieve good results. Although the society is very concerned about migrant workers now, the construction unit obviously pays insufficient attention to them. Construction units should be aware that the behavior of front-line workers (mostly migrant workers) may directly lead to safety accidents, so it is very important to do a good job in motivating front-line workers. Increasing income, improving the environment and giving more care in life can often play a great role. Of course, the incentive system is not static, which requires that the application of incentive schemes and measures must be constantly adjusted and innovated with the organizational goals, organizational environment and personal needs.
Nowadays, building safety is not only related to the economic interests of owners, supervisors and construction units, but also to the interests of the public. Therefore, public opinion supervision is very important. The news media and other relevant units shall announce to the public the units that fail the safety inspection, and timely notify the accidents that occur during the construction. In addition, functional departments should punish the responsible personnel according to relevant laws. In this way, the negative incentive effect on relevant units will be greatly strengthened.
Only by carefully studying, designing and successfully operating the incentive system that affects employees' behavior can managers and employees at all levels of the enterprise be mobilized to do a good job in safety production, and the actions taken by employees can not deviate from the organizational goals. Under the perfect incentive mechanism, employees will devote themselves to safe production with a fuller attitude.
4. Training is the basis of safety production management.
Construction enterprises should change their traditional thinking, not regard people as cost, but as capital. According to the theory of human capital founded by Schulz and Becker in 1960s, human capital is the capital embodied in human beings, that is, the expenditure value of producers on general education and vocational training and the opportunity cost of receiving education are condensed on producers, which is the sum of all kinds of production knowledge, labor and management skills and health quality that human beings contain. Similarly, management always needs someone to participate, managers can perform management functions well, and employees can also complete their work well. Its premise and foundation is to cultivate excellent managers and employees, that is, to give priority to investing in human capital, which is also the premise and foundation of "scientific management" in 2 1 century. This is the truth of "educating people" in the humanistic principle.
Human capital, like material capital, is not born, but acquired through investment. People without investment can only be natural in the physiological sense, but can't be called human capital. Because the employee has no education and does not have the corresponding professional knowledge and labor skills, from an economic point of view, he is just a waste and worthless. Only through a series of education and training can we have certain production knowledge and labor skills, which can be called human capital. However, people's expenditure on education, training and health promotion is the same as that on investing in material capital, both of which are aimed at reducing current consumption and increasing future knowledge and skills, so they are eager to gain greater economic benefits in the future. Therefore, investing in human capital is the same as investing in material capital, but the investment direction is different. Investing in human capital can lay a human foundation for the whole economic activity, thus creating possibilities for improving labor productivity. Only in this way can a virtuous circle be realized: human capital investment → labor productivity improvement → cost reduction → output improvement → human capital investment → labor productivity improvement.
At present, the state (government) should be the first investor of human capital in the construction industry, but due to various factors, its education and training is limited to special operators. Most of the front-line production workers in construction enterprises are basically migrant workers; Have not received systematic professional education, low cultural quality, and do not have corresponding labor skills and safety knowledge. Therefore, in the activities of building safety production management, as the second investor of human capital and the beneficiary of its profits, construction enterprises should first incorporate safety education into the training plan of all employees of the enterprise, establish and improve the safety production education and training system, compile teaching materials that meet the training objectives of trainees, do a good job in the training of relevant business departments at all levels, and reinvest their internal personnel, especially front-line production workers; Secondly, it is necessary to guide each project management department to implement relevant national laws and regulations, implement local and enterprise safety management regulations and systems, cultivate and enhance employees' safety awareness, and lay a foundation for safety production management. Finally, it is necessary to form an atmosphere of advocating science and doing things according to scientific laws in enterprises, overcome fluky psychology, put an end to reckless risks, and advocate the ideas of "safety is a blessing, violation of regulations is a curse" and "safety is life, safety is benefit", so that obeying rules and discipline becomes the conscious behavior of employees.
Combined with the current actual situation, each project manager department (project manager) is actually the implementer and responsible person of safety production management, and also the direct beneficiary of human capital profit. Therefore, the project management department (project manager) has the responsibility to implement the relevant national laws and regulations, implement the local and enterprise safety management regulations and systems, and provide targeted safety education to employees in various stages of the construction process in combination with the actual situation. For example, set up a safety education publicity column in the project department, pay attention to the diversification of publicity content, and the update cycle should not be too long; Before each working procedure, the project department should not only make technical disclosure to the workers, but also insist on safety disclosure. Safety education is an important part of safety management, so the project management department (project manager) must become the third investor of human capital. According to the government and enterprise's safety production regulations and objectives, make an effective safety production management plan, establish a management framework, and put manpower and material resources into implementation, so as to improve the safety quality and safety management level of all employees, prevent accidents and achieve the purpose of safety production.
5. Effective communication is the guarantee of safe production management.
Modern management has gradually attached importance to information exchange within the organization, which will become one of the very important contents of management in the next 2 1 century. People-oriented principle emphasizes communication between people, that is, "connecting people". Every organization, every construction enterprise and every construction team is a complex interpersonal group composed of all kinds of people. If there is no normal exchange of ideas and information between superiors and subordinates and colleagues, the information chain of the organization will be interrupted, the relationship between people will be alienated, and there will be no team spirit within the organization. It is hard to imagine that an absent-minded and suspicious organization can do a good job in safety management. Therefore, analyzing how to establish good interpersonal relationships and how to communicate effectively within the organization has become an important content of "scientific management" at present and in the future, and it is also the guarantee of safe production management.
Management is usually considered as a process of communication between subordinates, for example, three-level safety education. It requires safety production managers to constantly look for the information needed by employees at all levels and explore their views on their own work and construction site environment, so as to let employees at all levels know what safety production management activities are being carried out by enterprises and project management departments and let employees participate in the decision-making of corresponding safety production management measures. In this process, everything managers do includes communication, so effective communication can not be ignored for safety managers. As we all know, in the process of communication, there is the possibility of information distortion, and managers should use various skills to overcome communication obstacles.
In upward communication, enterprises should first establish a healthy and smooth safety complaint mechanism and cultivate a good relationship between superiors and subordinates, and then let superiors understand and master the ideas and opinions of subordinates on current safety production management, so that superiors can quickly take measures to eliminate current safety hazards. Another advantage of this is that employees can directly and frankly tell their boss what they think, which can help them get a relief from nervous mood and pressure. In this process, managers should actively listen, use feedback from time to time, pay attention to self-restraint when encountering emotional fluctuations, and it is best to suspend further communication until calm is restored. In short, try to ensure the authenticity of the information.
In the downward communication, it is usually spread to all construction teams and production workers by safety officers. In order to achieve effective downward communication, it is necessary to establish a sound safety education and pre-shift meeting system, and convey the laws, regulations, procedures, measures and knowledge about safety production to the construction team and production workers concisely, which will help the management to make decisions and control, and reduce the occurrence of violations and potential safety hazards.
Parallel communication refers to the communication between the full-time security officer and the builder, as well as the communication between the construction team leader. This kind of communication makes up for the shortcomings of other communication, can reduce conflicts, make close cooperation between various processes and types of work, and prevent accidents. In order to enhance friendship and realize effective communication, the project management department should organize as many entertainment activities as possible to cultivate the team spirit of employees.
In informal communication, on the one hand, it meets the needs of employees, on the other hand, it makes up for the lack of formal communication, which is arbitrary and flexible, and there is no fixed mode and method. Therefore, it requires the safety production manager to master the discretion in daily interpersonal activities and timely transmit information about safety production regulations, systems, procedures, measures, knowledge and skills to the other party. At the same time, exchange ideas with each other, reduce psychological barriers, and understand and master their current ideas and views on safety production management; This will be beneficial to the development and implementation of safety production management. Of course, this is also a higher level requirement for construction safety production management personnel.
To sum up, construction enterprises must attach importance to safety production management in order to enhance their competitiveness. To do a good job in safety production management, we must consider many factors such as manpower, material resources and financial resources, among which human factors are the most important. The application of people-oriented principle in safety production management just illustrates this point. Humanistic management is an ideological and theoretical system. In its application, it is mainly reflected in how to know people, inspire people, educate people and connect people. The four are an organic whole, knowing people is the key, inspiring is the premise, educating people is the foundation and educating people is the guarantee. They are closely related and inseparable. In practice, it is of urgent practical significance to use the people-oriented principle to guide our work, improve the safety management level of construction enterprises and innovate management methods. More importantly, it is conducive to the development of enterprises and employees, and to the realization of enterprise goals and individual goals of organization members.
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