Guangxi's long history, unique geological characteristics, coastal location advantages, multi-ethnic settlements and changes in different periods have given birth to Guangxi's unique local culture, which is rich and colorful.
The first is landscape culture. The landscape of Guangxi in the nail art world has built the soul of landscape culture with Guangxi characteristics. The unique charm of landscape culture in Guangxi is reflected from the landscape poems of literati in past dynasties to all kinds of stone carvings in the Millennium, from Xu Xiake's footprints in Bagui to modern people's travels in Guangxi, from the legend of the Millennium to the emergence of Lijiang painting school. Looking for the experience of Guangxi's landscape culture makes people feel happy and savvy. After historical precipitation, Guangxi has a very classic landscape culture. For example, the landscape culture in northern Guangxi, which is combined with the classic landscape theme of Guilin, not only has the cultural brand and legendary stories left by three mountains, two caves and one river (Xiangbi Mountain, Fubo Mountain, Diecai Mountain, reed flute cave, Qixingyan and Lijiang River) in the long history, but also has the rich landscape culture precipitated in many places such as Duxiufeng, Xing 'an Lingqu and Guihai Forest of Steles in Wang Fu, Guilin, which makes people experience the culture in the landscape and feel the landscape in the culture. Experience "Jiang Luodai, the mountain is like a jade hairpin", "God is in the clouds, fairy is in the fog, and the mountain is in Guilin! How deep love is, how beautiful dreams are, and love is like the water of Lijiang River. The excitement and emotion of celebrities visiting the Lijiang River at all times and at all times has become the soul of this "the best beautiful river in the world" that condenses landscape culture. Another example is the landscape culture of Xu Xiake's footprints in Guangxi. Xu Xiake's travels are masterpieces of China's ancient literature and geography. Among the more than 600,000 words in Xu Xiake's travel notes, the description and records of Guangxi account for more than one third of 2 1000 words, leaving a very rich stroke for the landscape culture of Guangxi. 1637 At the beginning of the fourth lunar month, Xu Xiake entered Guangxi from Hunan, passing through Quanzhou, Xing 'an, Guilin, Yongfu, Liuzhou, Liucheng, Rongxian, Xiangzhou, Wuxuan, Guiping, Luchuan, Yulin, Beiliu, Rongxian, Guixian, Hengxian, Yongning, Nanning and Long 'an. At the end of March of Lunar Calendar 1638, he entered Guizhou from Nandan. Xu Xiake has been in Guangxi for a whole year and has traveled all over most parts of Guangxi. Travel notes not only have high literary value, but also have high scientific value. He is the first scholar to systematically study karst landforms in Guangxi. Through careful observation and analysis, he scientifically explained the causes of caves, stalactites, undercurrents, sinkholes and funnel depressions. Xu Xiake's footprint in Guangxi is an ideal choice to talk with the ancients about landscape culture. Hongshuihe strange stone culture is one of the essences of landscape culture in Guangxi. Hongshui River is the main stream of the upper reaches of the Xijiang River in the Pearl River system, and it is named because the water flowing through Hongshabei Rock is reddish brown. There are peaks and valleys along the way, and the river bed is deep. Hongshuihe stone world is wonderful. In recent years, Hongshui River is famous for producing strange stones. Nature's uncanny workmanship is amazing. The strange stones of Hongshui River were bitten by rapids. Hongshuihe is like a talented sculptor, carving pieces of lifeless stones into pieces of hard, vivid, full of life and loved by everyone. Regardless of the size and taste, each stone has its own theme, artistic conception and style, and each stone has its own style, which is amazing. Hongshui River stone has created a strange stone market and culture in Guangxi, making Hongshui River a veritable "river of strange stones in the world". In recent years, stone appreciation has become a fashion, which can be said that different people have different opinions, and the strange stone culture is becoming more and more popular. Kistler has also become the favorite of many collectors. Starting from Hongshui River in Guangxi, you can have an unexpected deep experience of strange stone culture.
The second is history and culture. Brilliant and long history and culture are the essence of Guangxi culture. Ancient culture, prehistoric civilization, ancient villages and towns, anti-Japanese war culture, etc. , spread throughout Bagui. How to choose the essence of history and culture in this vast history is a thorny issue. Only according to the excavation status of cultural relics, archaeological discoveries and cultural heritage (including intangible heritage) can we find the ideal essence of Guangxi's history and culture. Bagui is spread all over ancient culture and prehistoric civilization, and it is an important part of Guangxi's history and culture, with many outstanding places. For example, An Baili Cave, the site of Liujiang people, is located in Lianhua Mountain in the southern suburbs of Liuzhou. It is a site of Paleolithic culture, the first comprehensive museum for cave science research proposed by the famous anthropologist Professor Pei Wenzhong, and displays a large number of fossils of ancient humans and mammals. About 50 thousand years ago, "Bailiandong people" could sew clothes, use fire and cook food, forming Bailiandong culture. Bailiandong culture and its surrounding areas occupy a very important position in anthropology, and Bailiandong site has become a scientific research place, popular science classroom and tourist attraction that Chinese and foreign anthropologists pay attention to. However, the paleolithic sites in Baise basin, including stone processing plants and fire remains, found in the strata 800,000 years ago indicate that a group of ancient humans lived in Baise basin later than 800,000 years ago. These ancient humans used to make tools here and light bonfires to keep warm or barbecue food in the cold winter. Such as Damei Site in Youjiang District of Baise City, Pohong Site in Tiandong County and Nalai Site in Tianyang County. It proves that the so-called "two cultural circles" theory put forward by anthropologist Mo Weisi of Harvard University in the United States is not valid. Vertebrate paleontology and Institute of Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences have successively discovered 10 many important fossils and cultural relics of paleontology and vertebrate paleontology in Laibin, Liuzhou, Liucheng, Guilin, Lipu, Baise and Lingshan, and Guangxi has become another hotspot of paleoanthropology research after Zhoukoudian in Beijing. Among them, there are four important discoveries: Qilinshan people, Liujiang people, Bailiandong people and Zan Piyan people, Baise ancient human cultural site, Nanning Dingsishan site and so on. What is more worth mentioning is "Zuojiang Ancient Civilization". On the cliff hundreds of kilometers across Zuojiang River, portraits of people, animals and utensils painted with ochre red pigment were painted flat. Generally, it is 20-40m away from the river, and the highest is about120m. Portraits vary in size, some are 3 meters, and some are only 40 to 50 centimeters. According to the comprehensive survey of 1985, 79 sites, 178 sites and 280 groups of rock paintings have been found in Zuojiang River Basin. Ningming Huashan Cliff Mural, with large scale, spectacular scenes and numerous images, ranks first in Zuojiang Cliff Painting and is the representative of Zuojiang Cliff Painting. A good tourist attraction has been built here. Guangxi Museum is a good place to experience the history and culture of Guangxi. Besides unearthed cultural relics and archaeological discoveries, there are many kinds of historical cultures, such as bronze drum culture, intangible culture and so on. In recent years, the development of ancient villages and towns in Guangxi has become an important scenic spot to experience the historical and cultural journey. Huangyao Ancient Town in Zhaoping, known as "Dream Home", is one of the most intact ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. The ancient town was built according to the layout of Jiugong Bagua Map, which was founded in the Kaibao period of Song Dynasty and developed greatly in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Today's ancient town retains complete ancient buildings of Ming and Qing dynasties, revealing a long history and past prosperity. Lingshan Dalu Village in Qinzhou is one of the larger residential buildings in Guangxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The structure and function of the building are complete, and the architectural style of Lingnan Mansion is obvious in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, showing a strong patriarchal consciousness. The ancient house, surrounded by mountains and rivers, is quiet and secluded, and contains a large number of cultural relics such as Wen Tianxiang's handwriting, which has witnessed the glory of history. The most precious thing is that there are more than 300 pairs of couplets created in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which have precious research value and appreciation value in humanities and history, so they are also known as "the first village of couplets in China". The ancient town of Yangmei in Nanning was built in the Song Dynasty, which was a commodity distribution center of nearly 100 kilometers in Fiona Fang at that time. It is also the revolutionary activity base of Huang Xing and Liang Lieya in the Revolution of 1911, with famous scenic spots such as Kuixing Building, a street in the Qing Dynasty and ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many ancient villages and towns in Guangxi, such as Gaoshan Village in Yulin, Pangcun in Xingye, Xiushui Village in Fuchuan, Dawei Town in Lingchuan and the old street in Jingxi, which have been well protected and developed in various places and are ideal places to experience Guangxi's history and culture. In terms of Guangxi's anti-Japanese war culture, there are a lot of arrangements and excavations, which are difficult to enumerate here. During the Anti-Japanese War, Guilin, as the cultural capital of Kuomintang-controlled areas, attracted people from all over the country, such as Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Liu Yazi, Xia Yan and Tian Han. After these cultural celebrities came to Guilin, they set up various social groups with their colleagues in Guilin, and launched a vigorous cultural movement to resist Japan and save the nation through broadcasting, publishing newspapers, holding various exhibitions and performing arts. The Battle of Kunlunguan in Nanning was the result of the decision of the China National Government to launch a counterattack and the "Battle No.1" plan launched by the Japanese invading army authorities. This is the core battle of the whole southern campaign. This war is a shining example that China's army defeated the Japanese "Iron Corps" for the first time. In the history of modern war in China, it is indeed a brilliant stroke worthy of admiration by future generations.
The third is national culture. Guangxi is a multi-ethnic region, with 12 ethnic groups, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui and Gelao, as well as 25 ethnic minorities. The colorful and unique minority culture is an important part of Guangxi local culture and a treasure of Chinese national culture. Guangxi national culture, marked by the five characteristics of "singing, jumping, blowing, beating and stepping", has penetrated into the daily life of ethnic minorities all over Guangxi, which is an important manifestation of national culture and the most important aspect for people to experience Guangxi national culture. Singing, that is, singing folk songs, is an important way of life for ethnic minorities in Lingnan, especially Zhuang people. "Dance", that is, dance, is an important form of expression in Guangxi minority folk culture. The content of "dance" is very rich, such as Zhuang, Yao and Yi all dance bronze drums, Dong, Miao and Yi all dance Lusheng dance, and so on. "Blowing" means playing, such as blowing reeds and even blowing leaves. This is the main content of folk activities of many ethnic minorities in Guangxi, especially Miao and Dong people in Guangxi. "Beating" is a folk activity handed down by many ethnic minorities in Guangxi. The content of fighting animals is very rich, including Touma, bullfighting, cockfighting, fighting birds and fighting dogs. "Stepping" means stepping on the hall, walking on stilts, and stepping on the sea of fire. In the experience of Guangxi's national culture, Liu Sanjie's culture is its essence. In Yizhou, the birthplace of Liu Sanjie, and Liuzhou and Guilin, where Liu Sanjie's culture is developed and spread, there are many scenic spots where Liu Sanjie's culture can be deeply experienced, such as Liuhe Zhai in Yizhou, Yufeng Mountain in Liuzhou, and Liu Sanjie's style garden in Guilin. The cultural route of ethnic customs in northern Guangxi is a classic embodiment of Guangxi national culture. Liuzhou-Rongshui-Sanjiang-Longsheng-Guilin condensed the "four wonders" of national culture in Lingnan area. "Zhuang songs, Yao dances, Miao festivals and Dong bridges" constitute the most classic "four wonders" in Lingnan, which is impressive. Of course, many ethnic autonomous counties and townships in Guangxi are places where ethnic cultures are stored and experienced. The traditional festivals of ethnic minorities all the year round can best reflect the national culture of Guangxi. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 330 large and small festivals in Guangxi. On average, there are festivals almost every day.
The fourth is religious culture. The religious culture in Guangxi can be divided into primitive religious culture and foreign religion.
The two main parts of culture. Most of the sacrificial ceremonies held by Guangxi folk at a fixed time every year retain the form of primitive religion. Especially for some secular folk sacrificial activities, the hosts are often authoritative middle-aged and elderly people elected by the people or so-called clergy who are influential in the local area. For example, in the southwest of Guangxi, the "Sacrifice to the Moon and Ask God" is held in the first month or August every year. By offering sacrifices to Luna, Luna was invited to "be possessed" and come down to talk to people. Most of these ceremonies retain the legacy of religious activities in the early clan society, that is, religious activities are oriented to the whole people and presided over by state leaders. In Donglan, Fengshan, Nandan, Tian 'e and other places in northwest Guangxi, religious sacrificial ceremonies with frogs as sacrificial objects are held on the first day of the first month of each year. At that time, men, women and children in the village will look around for frogs, and the first person who finds frogs will release a cannon to report the news. The first person to find the frog is of course the host of the sacrifice. In the west of Beijing, every year, activities of offering sacrifices to Spatholobus suberectus and beating gongs are held. The villagers choose respected people in the village to preside over the gods offering sacrifices to their ancestors. Then, under the leadership of their elders, everyone beats gongs around a stout Spatholobus suberectus placed on a stake and dances wildly at the same time, praying for a bumper harvest and the safety of people and animals. Although there is no unified and strict religious organization and doctrine in the history of ancestors in Guangxi, folk sacrifices to natural gods and ancestors include sacrifices to distant ancestors and even deceased relatives, and the forms of sacrifices are similar. In addition to offering sacrifices according to age, some ethnic customs handed down from generation to generation are also held in various places. Long Mu Temple in Wuzhou is the largest primitive religious site in Guangxi, which has great influence. The foreign religions in Guangxi mainly include Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism and Confucianism. Guidong is the main route to experience the religious culture in Guangxi. From Wuzhou-Yulin-Guigang, there are many influential religious tourist attractions. In terms of Taoist culture, there are 36 caves in China, including 3 in Guangxi, accounting for one twelfth of the total number of caves in the country, all in eastern Guangxi. According to the ranking of Taoist caves, the caves in Guangxi rank twentieth, twenty-first and twenty-second respectively. They are: Rongxian Mountain Cave-180 Hui people, named Baoxuan Dongtian, in Puning County, Rongzhou, which was cured by immortal Liu. Baishi Cave in Guiping, which dates back to Qili in Zhou Dynasty, was named Xiulechang Town Tian, located in Yunhe, hanshan county, Guizhou Province, south of Nanhai in Yulin, and was ruled by white people. Li Si, Hui Zhou, a leaky cave in Beiliu, is called Jade Que Guibaotian. It is located in Beiliu County, Rongzhou, and belongs to the immortal Qian Zhenren. As far as Buddhist culture is concerned, Guidong has a decisive influence in Lingnan area. Xishan Mountain in Guiping is a famous Buddhist mountain in China, also known as Siling Mountain. Known as "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world, and Guilin is also half a mountain in Sung Hoon". This "Mid-Levels" refers to the Western Hills of Guiping. There are steam washing, clouds in the sky, no dust pollution, towering old trees, clear springs, jagged rocks and winding paths in the western hills, and it has the reputation of "fairyland on earth". Guangxi Buddhist Association is based in Xishan, Guiping City. Although it is less than two kilometers away from downtown Guiping, it is a very quiet place to practice. Xishan is one of the earliest places where Buddhism spread in Guangxi. As early as the Tang Dynasty, people became monks in caves on the mountain. The upper temple, Nanhua Ancient Temple, was built in the Song Dynasty, and the lower temple, Xishi Temple, was built in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. In modern times, many Buddhist monks in China have served as abbots in Xishan Temple, including Master Juzan, a famous Buddhist monk in China. He used to be the secretary-general of Guangxi Buddhist Association, the vice-president of the National Buddhist Association, and is now the president of the Hong Kong Buddhist Federation, Master Shi Jueguang. Master Shi Kuanneng, a famous Buddhist master and executive director of the Chinese Buddhist Association, came to Si Xia Xishi Temple from 1949 to preside over Buddhism. He died on 1989 and never left Xishan again. When he was in Nirvana 1989, he left three Buddhist relics, which not only proved that Master was a Taoist, but also proved that Xishan was an auspicious place for Buddhism. "Happiness is like flowing water in the East China Sea, and longevity is longer than that in the South China Sea" is a blessing from China people on the birthday of the elderly. It comes from Nanshan, Guigang City, and there are still cliff stone carvings of "rejuvenation" on the rock wall. Nanshan Temple, located here, is a thousand-year-old temple and a famous temple in Lingnan. The tablet of "Jing You Temple" inscribed by Emperor Song Renzong was presented to Nanshan Temple. Therefore, Nanshan Temple, also known as Jingyou Temple, also has very precious bodhi trees. Sien Temple in Wuzhou, the first modern temple in Lingnan, is magnificent and relies on "three treasures of gratitude, parents, land and people". In addition to eastern Guangxi, there are Leiyin Temple in Shanglin, Kaishan Temple in Liucheng, Kannonji in Liuzhou, qixia temple in Guilin, Jianshan Temple in Yangshuo and Xiangshan Temple in Quanzhou, which is known as the "First Temple in Southern Chu". In terms of Confucian culture, Gongcheng Confucian Temple is the most intact Confucius Temple in Guangxi and one of the four largest Confucius Temples in China. It was founded in the eighth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. Temple buildings have high cornices, double eaves and a glazed tile cover. Since ancient times, every year in the middle of spring (February and August of the lunar calendar), a grand ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius has been held in Dacheng Hall. The Confucius Temple in Nanning is also an important place to experience Confucian culture. In terms of the influence of Catholic culture, Guangxi is mainly concentrated in Beihai, Qinzhou, Fangcheng and other places in the Beibu Gulf, especially Weizhou Island. Most residents believe in Catholicism, which is the only religion here. Around 1860, French missionaries set foot on Weizhou Island and began to spread Catholicism, develop Christians, build Weizhou Catholic Church and spread Catholic religious culture here. In addition, Islamic culture also has sporadic spread and influence in Guangxi.
The fifth is marine culture. Guangxi's marine culture is concentrated in the coastal area of Beibu Gulf, and the experience of Guangxi's marine culture is mainly in the maritime Silk Road culture and South Pearl culture. "Maritime Silk Road" is a shipping channel opened by China in ancient times to Southeast Asia and then across the Indian Ocean to Persia and other places. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, merchants from the Central Plains and the southern coastal areas of China have shipped ceramics, cloth, silk and other commodities to Sri Lanka, India and other places through this "Maritime Silk Road", and then to Egypt, Rome and other countries, while merchants from Southeast Asia and Europe have brought exotic treasures such as woolen cloth and glassware through this waterway. The Maritime Silk Road was an important maritime trade passage in ancient times. Together with the land silk road in the northwest mainland, it has become a bridge connecting the two civilizations. In Hepu County, Guangxi, a place called "Guchengtou Village" in the Western Han Dynasty (that is, the present wharf) was discovered, which is also the earliest wharf discovered in China so far. This major archaeological discovery confirmed that Hepu, Guangxi was the original port of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. At that time, it was a busy international trade port. Silk and porcelain produced in southern China are transported from here to Southeast Asia and Persia, while woolen goods and glazed products shipped from the western regions land here and are sold all over the country. In terms of Nanzhu culture, pearls produced in Beibu Gulf have been favored by emperors, relatives and relatives in past dynasties, and the description of maids in masterpieces such as The West Chamber and A Dream of Red Mansions is often inseparable from the opening and closing of Puzhu. In the Han Dynasty, more than 0/00 BC, Hepu, Qinzhou, Fangcheng and other places were rich in pearls, and emperors of all dynasties sent people here to collect pearls, which were called "Bailong Pearl City" and "Seven Tans and Eight Villages". The peak collection period is Ming Hongzhi 12, with an annual output of more than 28,000 pearls. Hepu Pearl has experienced ups and downs, but it has always been known as the "South Pearl" that "West Pearl (Europe) is not as good as East Pearl (Japan) and East Pearl is not as good as South Pearl (Hepu)". Among them, the "night pearl" and the local Yingpan pearl are known as the king of pearls in the world, so Hepu is known as the hometown of pearls. There is also a story about "Pearl Back to Hepu".
Sixth, longevity culture. Fushou culture has a long history in China, and there are people who pursue longevity, happiness and distance. Besides being consistent with the whole country, Guangxi's longevity culture also has its own unique local longevity culture. As a big ecological province and a blessed land of longevity, Guangxi's longevity culture is more reflected in the health experience. After years of research by experts and scholars at home and abroad and many international longevity health seminars, Guangxi's longevity culture has a broader vision and deeper attainments. Guangxi's longevity culture tour is the first in Bama County and Pan Yang Valley in Fengshan County, Guangxi Province. It is recognized as the hometown of longevity in the world, and the proportion of longevity population ranks first in the world's famous longevity areas. Most of the long-lived old people in Bama and Fengshan live along the Pan Yang River. On both sides of this river, you can meet centenarians as long as you walk. Centenary brothers, centenarians and centenarians are not uncommon in this area, so Panyang River is called "the river of longevity in the world". Bama is also the only place that has won the international certificate of "the hometown of longevity in the world" so far. Thousands of domestic and foreign tourists come here every year. They spent their leisure and health on the Pan Yang River, which deepened and spread the longevity culture here, and formed a unique local concept of health preservation and longevity cultural knowledge. In Yongfu County, Guilin, among many outstanding folk traditional cultures, Fushou culture has its own characteristics and has been listed in the Guilin municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list. Yongfu County is known as the "hometown of longevity", and its profound longevity culture not only contains the characteristics of China traditional culture, but also embodies the individuality of local culture. Yongfu's longevity culture can be divided into blessing culture and longevity culture. Its representatives are the "Fu" stone carving on the top of Fengshan in the county and the "Bai Shou Tu" stone carving on Baishou Rock in Baishou Town, which is a symbol of Fushou culture in Yongfu County. In addition, there is a coastal longevity culture in Dongxing, a coastal area, and a longevity health culture in Daming Mountain, Nanning, which is located on the Tropic of Cancer. Both of them have distinctive local characteristics and are good places to experience the culture of Fushou in Guangxi.
Seventh, food culture. With the continuous development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, food culture, as a popular culture, has been more and more widely spread. Guangxi's food culture is diversified, characteristic, healthy and fashionable. The tour of food culture in Guangxi can penetrate into every corner of Bagui, and some of the most remote places often have unexpected food and unique food culture. Generally speaking, Guangxi's food culture can be divided into northern Guangxi food culture, southern Guangxi food culture, ethnic minority food culture and Beibu Gulf coastal food culture. Guangxi is a region where many nationalities live together and many cultures coexist and develop. Different nationalities and different cultural backgrounds have given birth to different food cultures and customs. For a long time, Guangxi has continuously created and preserved its original local dishes, forming a distinctive and unique taste of Guangxi cuisine, also known as Guangxi cuisine. No matter where you go in Guangxi, even in a county town or a township, there will be one or two kinds of delicious food or one or two famous dishes that are unforgettable. The characteristics of Guangxi cuisine are green, health care and longevity, and the original ecology. As the saying goes, "Healthy food is eaten in Guangxi". But at the same time, Guangxi people also spare no effort to accept foreign food culture. According to the residents' distribution and living habits in various parts of Guangxi, Cantonese cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Northeast cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine and Southeast Asian cuisine are very popular in various cities in Guangxi, and Nanning, the capital, is a place where multi-channel cuisines and Southeast Asian cuisines gather all over the country. But in general, eating Hunan cuisine is more common in northern Guangxi; Cantonese cuisine is more popular in eastern and southern Guangxi. Especially in the coastal areas of Beibu Gulf, the cuisine is the same as Guangdong Cantonese cuisine. A major feature of Guangxi's food culture is popularization. In Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin and other big cities, people often like to concentrate on eating one or two dishes every year.