The cruel social life environment created Huangfu Mi's strong will and noble personality, which influenced and inspired future generations. When he studied hard and became famous, people around him advised him to make friends. He thought, "No one can have both sources. Living in other places, you can also enjoy the way of Yao and Shun. Why do you want to worship the interests of the world, be an official, and then make a name for yourself? " As a book, Xuan Shou Lun puts forward that "being poor is vulgar, being humble is real, being constant is real, and being toothless is not worrying". What does it have to do with wealth? " His views expressed his thoughts of being indifferent to worldly affairs, content with poverty and indifferent to fame and fortune. "Biography of the Book of Jin Huangfu Mi" also records a story: Liu Liang, the son of Aunt Huangfu Mi, became the magistrate of Chengyang and was about to take up his post. People advised Huangfu Mi to say goodbye to him. He replied: Liu Liang came to my house when he was not an official. I didn't go out when I greeted him. I just serve pickles at dinner. The poor don't think wine and meat are good friends. Today, he has become a county magistrate. If I say goodbye to him, it is that I value the satrap of Chengyang and despise Liu Liang, which is not in line with the way of the ancients. I'm very upset!
Medical contribution
Huangfu Mi was adopted by his uncle when he was a child and moved to Xin 'an (including Xin 'an County, Henan Province). Uncle and aunt, especially aunt, love him very much. But Huangfu Mi was playful since childhood and didn't want to learn. People laughed at him as a fool. Seventeen-year-old, he is too old to "understand the history of books" and wanders around like a runaway wild horse all day. My aunt was very angry with Huangfu Mi for being so naughty, hated steel, and often worried about his future. One day, she kicked Huangfu Mi out of the house to teach him a lesson. Unexpectedly, when he went outside, he got melons, sweet fruits and other things and proudly presented them to his aunt, thinking that such "filial piety" could calm her anger. Unexpectedly, menstruation was even more angry. She took the melon and fruit, slammed it on the ground and said with tears, "You are almost twenty years old, and you still' don't want to teach'. If you really want to be filial to your parents, you have to cultivate your self-cultivation and study hard. He was very moved, with tears in his eyes, and vowed to repent, change course and study hard. From then on, he studied hard and asked for advice with an open mind, and he didn't slack off for a day. Determined to compile a monograph on acupuncture.
People can't help asking, in the face of blood shed, poverty and illness, why didn't Huangfu Mi be moved by senior officials or wealth, but stood at the forefront, playing with classics and writing books with extraordinary perseverance, and became an eternal scholar? Maybe we can find the answer from his world outlook, that is, philosophical thought. Like many scholars in ancient China, he did not systematically discuss the origin and essence of nature, nor did he leave any special expositions and monographs. However, he can still get a glimpse of his philosophical views from a large number of works handed down from generation to generation.
As early as more than 2,000 years ago, Dr. China had systematically summarized the experience of acupuncture. For example, in 1973, a variety of medical books of the Zhou Dynasty were found in Han tombs in Changsha and Mawangdui, Hunan Province, including Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Foot Arms and Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Yin and Yang. There are also many contents about acupuncture in Huangdi Neijing during the Warring States Period. Weng, a famous acupuncturist in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, also had a special account of acupuncture classics. However, the medical books related to acupuncture before the Jin Dynasty were "his father was profound" and "his articles were repetitive and his mistakes were not one". In addition, books at that time were all carved with bamboo slips, and books were regarded as secret treasures, which were not easy for ordinary people to get. The scarcity of reference books has brought great difficulties to the compilation of Huangfu Mi. Fortunately, however, Huangfu Mi did not give in to difficulties. With indomitable spirit, he managed to borrow the medical books he needed, and obtained a lot of information through intensive pursuit and extensive collection.
He collated and compared three famous medical works in ancient times, namely Su Wen, Needle Sutra (namely Ling Shu) and Tang Ming Acupuncture, and finally wrote a masterpiece that set a standard for acupuncture in later generations.
The twelve volumes of Emperor's Acupuncture Classics have scientifically classified acupoints on the basis of summarizing and absorbing the essence of many classic medical works such as Huangdi's Internal Classic, Suwen, Acupuncture Classics, and Mingtangji Acupoint Acupuncture, which has laid a monument in the medical field. This book contains 349 cave names, more than Huangdi Neijing 189. Clarify the meridian tropism and location of acupoints, unify the names of acupoints, and distinguish correct names from aliases. This paper introduces hundreds of diseases in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, five palaces and other acupuncture treatment experiences, discusses and theoretically expounds the relationship between five zang-organs and five senses, the relationship between viscera and body surface organs, the movement of body fluid, the specimens of diseases, the reinforcing and reducing of deficiency and excess, the correspondence between man and nature, the coordination of viscera and yin and yang, the observation of diseases, the influence of mental state and music on internal organs, which lays a theoretical foundation for acupuncture and even the whole. Nowadays, acupuncture medicine is not only developing rapidly in China, but also very popular all over the world. The World Health Organization has officially approved acupuncture as a special treatment method, which is welcomed by people everywhere.
Because of this, Huangfu Mi is the only historical celebrity in the ancient history of China who enjoys the same fame as Confucius in the world cultural history.
Acupuncture classics A, B, * * * 10, 128. The contents include viscera, meridians, acupoints, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. The book corrected the total number of acupoints at that time (including 48 single acupoints), described the indications and contraindications of various acupoints, and explained various operation methods. This is the earliest extant monograph on acupuncture in China, with great value. Known as the "father of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine", it has always been listed as one of the classic medical books that must be read for medical students. Wang Dao, a doctor in the Tang Dynasty, rated it as "a doctor's secret treasure, which later scholars should follow". After the publication of this book, the medical profession in the Tang Dynasty began to set up acupuncture department, which was regarded as a compulsory teaching material for doctors. Many monographs on acupuncture and moxibustion after the Jin Dynasty were mostly written on the basis of reference to this book, and did not go beyond its scope. Until now, acupuncture therapy in China has been based on it in principle, although the names of acupoints have changed slightly. 1600 years has provided specific guidance and theoretical basis for clinical treatment of acupuncturists. This book has also spread abroad, attracting the attention of all countries, especially Japan and North Korea. In 70 1 year, the Japanese law "Dabao Law" clearly stipulated that Acupuncture A-B Classic was listed as one of the required reference books. Thus, Huangfu Mi's Classic of Acupuncture has a far-reaching influence.
Literary contribution
Huangfu Mi was a scholar, but he was the richest man in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The literary and historical works such as the Century of the Emperor, the Almanac, the Biography of Gao Shi, the Biography of Yi Shi, the Biography of Nu Wa, the Records of Counties and Counties, and the Records of the National Capital have been widely collected, and great achievements have been made in historiography. The imperial lineage and important events from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to Cao Wei for thousands of years have been sorted out in detail, and they have been studied in the field of prehistoric history. Another view is Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi. The "Five Emperors" were Shao Hao, Levin, Gao Xin, Tang Yao and Yu Shun, which advanced the historical origin of China to ancient times. This paper supplements and researches the vague historical facts of predecessors and historical records, especially the genealogy and chronology of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" and major events. This paper makes a detailed textual research on the changes of place names and the names of a nation or dynasty in history. For the first time, the land and population of the past dynasties were counted and analyzed in detail, and many valuable materials were sorted out and preserved. The investigation of historical figures under certain social and historical conditions affirms the role of historical figures in historical progress. Therefore, Qian Xizuo, a historian in the Qing Dynasty, once commented that "Huangfu Mi used miscellaneous books to make up for the lack of history, and all the scholars who were introduced by the world were lost and lost their treasures." (Qian Qingxi wrote "Preface to the Emperor's Century")
Collection of Huangfu Mi, Xuan Qiu, Notes on Ghost Valley, Xuan Shou, Three Treatises, Biography of Gao Shi's Lienv and Preface to Sandu are unique in the field of literature. It is pointed out that the ideological and social education functions of the article are more important than "beauty" and "beauty", and it is opposed to exaggeration, exaggeration and empty talk. Moreover, precious historical materials are preserved in many articles, and the value of historical materials is far greater than that of literature. The writing style of the article is sharp, the antithesis is neat, the voice language is sonorous, the structure is rigorous, the story is strong, the characters are vivid, and the ideological and artistic qualities are excellent, which has played a great positive role in the development of later literature. Philosophical point of view
He inherited the philosophical view of monism since the pre-Qin period, and thought that qi was the foundation of all life. He pointed out in the A Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: "Heaven is in my virtue, the earth is in my spirit, and virtue flows thin." The meaning of this passage is: the virtue of heaven, the qi of the earth, the intersection of yin and yang, produce everything, that is to say, heaven gives the opportunity of life, and qi gives the material foundation. Combining the two, everything has a biochemical opportunity. Everything in nature is different because of different gases.
From the perspective of four seasons, there are four atmospheres in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and naturally there are winds, rain, thunder and electricity, which are the most primitive material basis of everything in the world. As a part of nature, people are also made up of anger. In the classic theory of acupuncture A-B essence and five zang-organs, he said that "the two essence strive for the spirit", and the combination of essence and qi of both sexes produces a new life, which has a spirit corresponding to the perfection of the body. "People have five internal organs and five qi, which produce joy, anger, sorrow, worry and fear". It can be seen that people's mental state appears completely with the formation of material organs. After death, the body disappears and the spirit does not exist. This is the truth in Jing Xie's Farewell (Du Zhong Lun, the Secret Biography of Golden Fu).
Huangfu Mi also elaborated in particular that the emergence of dreams is not because the spirit can move independently from the body, but only because of some factors, or some emotional changes have not been eliminated, or because the physiological organs have diseases. "People can't sleep well and can't enjoy dreams." As for dreams, they are different because of different reasons or because of different diseased organs. For example, patients with liver disease often dream of being angry, and if they eat too much before going to bed, they will dream of picking up food for others. Accurately expressed the materialistic views such as material first, spirit second, and existence determines consciousness.
Huangfu Mi not only realized that nature is material, but also saw the development and changes of everything in the contradiction between Yin and Yang, which promoted the ups and downs of everything and the evolution and progress of social history. He said in "A-B Classic Five Zang Organs Becoming Fat": "Therefore, the yin and yang are always the same, so everything in the world is a contradictory unity," one is clear and the other is ignorant, and the Tao is generalized; A relaxation, a ceremony; One floats and one sinks, and it happens (Huangfu Mi's Interpretation). It is also believed that the contradictory sides of things are constantly changing, which promotes the development and progress of things. In Interpretation, he further expounded the view that the transformation of Yin and Yang was "pushed by cold and heat, and in the four generations, Yin and Yang were not healed, and their transport was endless, and they were divided naturally and fainted by two grams". Yin and Yang are constantly transforming and at the same time restricting each other. Expressed a simple dialectical thought.
This character was born in a noble family.
Statues of Huangfu Mi and Huangfu Mi are located in Chaona Town, Lingtai County, Gansu Province, and were born in a noble family in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The sixth ancestor Huangfu Leng was General Du Liao, the fifth ancestor Huangfu Banner was a captain to help the phoenix, and the fourth ancestor Huangfu Festival was the prefect of Yanmen. Huang is Jie's younger brother, and he is an all-rounder in civil and military affairs. At that time, he was a famous general An Qiang, a general Du Liao and an official of Shang Shu, named Hou Ting, one of Sanming in Liangzhou. Great-grandfather Huang Fusong made great contributions to quelling the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, and the officials worshipped General Zheng, General Qiu. Later, the Huangfu family gradually declined, but there were still many officials in the DPRK. Huangfu Mi's grandfather, Huangfushu, served as Baling Order, while his father, Huangfushu Hou, only gave filial piety.
The decrease in family fortune
After Huangfu Mi was born, his mother died, and his wealth further declined. He was adopted by his uncle. At the age of fifteen, he moved to Xin 'an (now Xin 'an County, Henan Province) with his uncle and spent his childhood and adolescence in the war. I like playing since I was a child, but I am not used to making progress. I weave a shield with the village children, hold a staff as a spear, stab each other in groups, and play with the soldiers. Twenty years (AD 234). Still wandering around, it is not easy to learn, making people feel stupid. On one occasion, Amy presented the melon and fruit to her aunt and said, "According to the book of filial piety, it is still unfilial to raise three animals." . You are in your twenties this year, and you don't care about teaching. How can you comfort me? "He sighed and said," In the past, there were three immigrants in Meng Mu, and his great-grandfather cooked and taught. Do I live in a community? I have no education. I am pure! Cultivation and study, since you have it, what does it have to do with me? " (Biography of Jin Shu Huang Fu Mi) Because he was crying, he felt very painful, so he worshipped the villager Tan to collect the book.
Work hard
Huangfu Mi changed course from now on, determined to study hard; At the age of 26 (AD 24 1 year), he was incomplete before the Han Dynasty, so he passed on the family line and collected hundreds of books such as The Emperor's Century and Calendar. At the age of forty (AD 254), my uncle had a son who was crowned and lost his stepmother, so he returned to his hometown. At the age of 42 (that is, AD 256), he got wind arthralgia, studied medicine seriously, and began to compile acupuncture A and B classics. At the age of 46 (AD 260), Si Mazhao, a well-known scholar, wrote "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" when he wrote a letter to recruit officials and refused to be an official. He is also addicted to playing classics, forgetting to eat and sleep, and is called an obscene book. At the age of 51 (AD 267), Emperor Wu of Jin continued to be an official. According to legend, he had been to Longmen Cave and Pingliang Kongtong Mountain in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province to avoid imperial edict. When Emperor Wu was 53 years old (AD 269), he frequently sent books to Dun, claiming to be a traitor, but he was not an official. At the age of 54 (AD 270), he was also a virtuous and upright person. Sorry, he borrowed books from the table and sent the book cart to Emperor Wu. From 60 to 277 AD, the emperor also conferred titles on Prince Zhong Shu, Ichiro and Zhu Zuolang. , these are all shouldn't write, wrote a shocking "Benedict's Final Theory". At the age of 68 (AD 282), The Emperor's Acupuncture Classic was published, and Huangfu Mi died in Zhang Aopo. His sons Tong Ling and Fang Hui, respecting their father's teachings, chose a barren land and buried it frugally on the edge of the tableland. The world calls it "Huangfu Zhongzi".
Historical evaluation of Sima Yan: Huangfu Mi, a person, conforms to nature and is good at learning from the past, which is different from customs.
Fang et al. The Book of Jin: ① Huangfu Mi lived in seclusion, lived in seclusion, recuperated from illness, was compassionate, worshiped the grave, and was not proud of glory or poverty, but he really did not pull out. He was born better than Kim! Based on the argument, a thin burial is frugal, which not only avoids the extravagance of the Ji family, but also does not take the prince and grandson, which can be described as an opportunity for survival. (2) A gentleman is at ease and prosperous. Be elegant and forget the level of honor. The legacy system can be called "health preservation".