1 Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Dongpo
Su Shi
Rain washes Dongpo, and the moonlight is clear.
People walk like barbarians.
Don't be afraid to find the right way,
Love yourself and drag the staff with a loud voice.
Note: This poem was written by Su Shi after he was relegated to Huangzhou. What's in the title? Dongpo? Not only the place where he works and lives, but also his? Number? Source. It's true: the rocks are big and numerous.
Many critics think? Rain washes Dongpo, moonlight is clear? Hit the nail on the head Excellent choice of words, don't you think? Please explain your reasons.
A: He wrote not only the whiteness of moonlight and the quietness of moonlit night, but also the loneliness and coldness of the poet's heart.
Defect analysis: Do you see the merit of this answer? Qing? It not only refers to the objective scenery, but also reflects the poet's subjective feelings, but obviously only pays attention to it? Rain? And then what? Qing? The main idea of the poem is that the poet's mood is loneliness and desolation from experience (not from the poem itself). In fact, candidates only need to pay attention to three or four sentences? Don't worry? And then what? Self-love? These keywords, combined with Dongpo's clear artistic conception of washing the moon after rain and the explanation in the annotation, are well understood in the poem. Qing? Not only refers to the fresh and pleasant scenery, but also refers to this layer of clean and calm mood. Focusing on the whole poem is the key to solve this problem.
Another defect of this answer is that it is too general and doesn't take into account what is said in the title? Please specify your reasons? This requirement. What if the candidates notice? Specific? Consciously contact the whole poem, maybe you won't get such a flawed answer.
Reference answer: In this poem? Qing? It's good to write the moonlight and landscape, as well as the artistic conception and scene. After a rain, the sky and the ground are very clean, and the moonlight pours on the crystal clear things through the dust-free blue sky, showing a clear and clear realm, which is a landscape; Although the poet was demoted to Huangzhou, his career was bumpy, but he was happy, cheerful and optimistic, and his heart was clean and dust-free. This is to write feelings. The two are harmonious and unified.
Mistake two, you can't know people and talk about the world, and you can't analyze it overhead.
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Yongfeng
Bo Wang
The cool breeze in Su Su makes my forest clear,
Drive away smoke and find a stream of households, and roll the fog out of the mountain.
There are no traces of the past and the future, and interests are like love.
The sunset is quiet, and the sound is loose for you.
Note: Jianhu and Tan Ya refer to ordinary people. A family by the river. Tanks are houses carved out of stone.
What did the poet write? Wind? What is the image? Please be as specific as possible.
Defect answer: The poet describes a hermit who likes to travel back and forth between the countryside and ordinary people's homes, unrestrained, free and happy. ? Drive away smoke and find a stream of households, roll the fog out of the mountain? The wind haunts ordinary people, indicating that it pursues a leisurely life; ? Sunset scenery is quiet, suitable for you to relax? When the sun goes down, when the landscape is quiet, the wind blows pine trees, giving off waves of pines, making the night restless and showing its feelings. The wind sung by the poet is a portrayal of the poet's own image.
Defect analysis: the advantage of this answer is that it is summarized first and then concrete, and the level is clear. But it is a bit exaggerated to say that Feng is a hermit. There is a preface to Teng Wangge in the textbook. Candidates should be familiar with Wang Bo. He was brilliant, but died young. How did he become a hermit? If we can meet people and discuss the world, such mistakes can be avoided.
Reference answer: Feng described by the poet is a tireless and tireless devotee? Love? People's image. It refreshes the mountains and dispels the smoke. When the sunset is quiet, it blows loose for people and plays the music of nature.
Mistake three, only one point, poor answer.
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Listen to the flowing tones.
Wang Changling
Alone in the boat, on the moon in Fenglin, Zheng and the guest center are divided.
The ridge color is heavy and heavy, and the string is broken and the tears are deep.
Note: Wandering people, wandering musicians; Water tune, water tune song.
1. What role does the first sentence play in the whole poem?
2. What's in this poem? Broken string? The word "two characters" has a strong artistic expression. Please. Broken string? This detail has been briefly evaluated.
Defect answer: (1) The first sentence lays the emotional tone of the whole poem. (2)? Broken string? The reason is that the emotions flowing in people's hearts are so deep and strong that the strings in the depths are broken.
Defect analysis: this answer is obviously thoughtless. Candidates not only see that the first sentence laid an emotional foundation for the whole poem, but also should be able to see that it points out the environment in which things happened, which may be negligence. If we think deeply about the relationship between landscape and emotion, we should also be able to think of the poet's personal feelings in the landscape. The second question requires candidates to pay attention to the relationship between things and feelings, but ignores the relationship between things themselves, that is, broken strings and string rhythm and the performer.
Reference answer: (1)① Explain the environment; (2) Set a cool tone for the whole poem to set off the atmosphere; ③ Expressed a lonely and melancholy mood by describing the scene. (2)①? Broken string? Reflects the agitation of Zheng music; ②? Broken string? It reflects the forgetfulness of guzheng players; ③? Broken string? Also revealed? Deep tears? Reason.
Mistake 4: gild the lily and drown out the main points
Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question.
Listen to the flute on the plug
Gaoshi
The snow goes to the horse, and the strong flute keeps the building on the moon.
Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight.
Do you write about scenery? Virtual scene? And then what? Real scene? Please specify which virtual scenes and real scenes are written in this poem.
Defect answer: the poem wrote real scenes such as snow, grazing horses and bright moon, as well as virtual scenes such as plum blossom and Guanshan. What does the poet see from the poem? Snow? 、? Grazing a horse? And so on, associated with the thought that all the mountains were covered with plum blossoms overnight, showing a heroic feeling of being on the edge of the desert.
Defect analysis: the topic only requires which real scenes and which virtual scenes are given. The first sentence in the answer has been answered, and the second sentence is redundant. The first half of the second sentence is a repetition of the first sentence, and the second half is irrelevant. Should poetry appreciation be followed? Give whatever you want. Principle, don't rock the boat, let redundant words drown out the main points of the answer.
Reference answer: write the real scene in the first two sentences? In the border area where the Hu people live, the ice and snow have melted. In the evening, the grazing horses came back one after another, and a bright moon rose, and the brightness spread all over the earth, and the Qiang flute rang all over the garrison. Write the virtual scene in the last two sentences? Where did the plum blossom blow? The color, smell and fragrance spread all over the border mountains and rivers overnight.
Error 5. Make the finishing point, flowers will not bear fruit.
Example 5 Example 2 above
Defect answer: the wind is tangible and powerful, it can drive away smoke, roll up fog and make a rambling sound; The wind is invisible, it comes and goes without a trace; The wind is affectionate, and it comes when people need it most.
Defect analysis: this answer is only a concrete analysis, and I forgot to summarize it. It is also necessary to remind candidates that it is best to use appropriate terminology when summarizing. Most teachers grade papers according to the key words in the answers, and these key words are often terms.
Reference answer: See Example 2.
Error 6. Misuse of terms and label errors
Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question.
Jiang Han
Du Fu
I am wandering in Jianghan belt, and I miss my homeland and can't return. In the vast world, I am just a pedantic old Confucian.
The sky is far away, and the moon is always lonely.
The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick.
Since ancient times, the old horse has not spent its physical strength because of its wisdom. Therefore, although I am old and sicker, I can still do it.
This is a poem written by Du Fu when he lived in Jianghan in his later years. Are two and three combined in the poem? A cloud? 、? Lonely moon? 、? Sunset? 、? Autumn wind? A few images, please analyze their artistic conception of blending scenes.
Defect answer: use together? A cloud? 、? Lonely moon? 、? Sunset? 、? Autumn wind? Several images produced a montage effect. ? A cloud? 、? Lonely moon? Writing feelings through scenery shows the poet's lonely state of mind. Sunset? 、? Autumn wind? It shows the poet's heart and willingness to serve the country.
Defect analysis: when using terms to appreciate poetry, we must pay attention to appropriateness. As long as we have it in our hearts, it is very harmful to use it at once. In this answer? Montage? The use is inexplicable and self-defeating. Montage was originally a movie term, meaning editing and combining. When borrowing poetry, it refers to the technique of forming artistic conception through the clever connection and combination of various images. Several images in this poem lead to a poem, not a montage.
Reference answer:? A cloud? 、? Lonely moon? The artistic conception is bleak, revealing the loneliness and boredom of the author without a confidant; ? Sunset? 、? Autumn wind? The artistic conception is vigorous and broad, reflecting the author? Martyrs are full of courage in their later years? Optimistic and open-minded. (or: in the second couplet? A cloud? 、? Lonely moon? It is both realistic and visual. Clouds float in the air, just like wandering in other places, long nights, the moon and? Me? Are so lonely; Third use? Sunset? Metaphor refers to a person's old age. Autumn wind? The real scene is right in front of you Sunset? Reality corresponds to reality. The combination of the two scenes creates a cold artistic conception, and the road is long and Xiu Yuan is lonely. )
Error 7. Subjective assumptions are unfounded.
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Beibei Xinghua
Wang Anshi
A vicious spring water watered the flowers, and the shadows of the flowers were enchanting.
It is better to be blown into snow by the spring breeze than to be crushed into dust by Nanmo.
Note: Wang Anshi failed in political reform and was forced to live in Jiangning. This poem was written when he lived in seclusion in his later years. Pit, pool.
The predecessors commented on this poem and said:? An Shi is left behind, solemn and stirring in idleness. ? How does this poem express the poet's tragic feelings? Please analyze it briefly.
A: The poet expresses his ambition with apricot flowers, which wrap around the spring breeze, occupying all the spring scenery and truly writing his brilliant career. Writing flowers even if they are blown into snow is better than grinding them into ash, which means it is useless even if they are dead. Metaphoring people with flowers, I wrote my own solemn and stirring determination.
Defect analysis: this answer obviously didn't pay attention to the notes in the question and didn't understand the whole poem, so it was answered by subjective speculation. This poem was written when Wang Anshi failed in political reform and was forced to live in Jiangning. The poet said that he would rather be blown away by snow than be a noble sentiment in the floating world.
Reference answer: With the help of the image of apricot blossom, the poet gives it symbolic meaning and takes it as a symbol. Making snow? And then what? Dust? As a metaphor, in contrast to ... Longitudinal quilt? And then what? Absolute victory? To emphasize, vividly and profoundly expressed the tragic feelings of dying for the ideal rather than going with the flow.
Error 8. Ignore the implied question, the question and the answer don't correspond.
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Autumn night
bright red
The night is sleepless, the autumn wind is clear, and the candle flowers are frequently cut to night.
The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing.
Isn't this poem available? Love? Words, and everywhere? Love? . Please find a word that best reflects the poet's feelings from three or four sentences, and briefly analyze how the poet created artistic conception in these two poems on the basis of the overall feelings of the whole poem.
Defect answer:? Is it cool? Words can best reflect the poet's feelings. One in the third sentence? Is it cool? Words add fuel to the fire, further sublimate the sad atmosphere and point out the theme. The author can't sleep because of missing, and it's cold because of insomnia.
Defect analysis: the title requires finding a word that best reflects the poet's feelings from three or four sentences, and analyzing how these two poems create artistic conception on the basis of understanding the whole poem. This topic contains four questions: which word; What feeling; What artistic conception; How to be a man. Only when these four points are made clear and accurate can the answer be considered satisfactory. This answer points out? Is it cool? Words, but the emotion is not explained clearly, and the other two questions are not answered accurately. Focus only on the third sentence and lose the connection between the fourth sentence and these two sentences. So the answer is biased and specious.
Reference answer:? Is it cool? . ? Is it cool? The word is cold and lonely. From the moon on the bed to the moon in the sky, the transition (thimble) is unique, and melancholy, cool bed, moon shadow and phoenix tree create a lonely artistic conception.
High school Chinese 1 Solve the matters needing attention in idiom questions and thoroughly understand the meaning of words.
The meaning of idioms is not a simple combination of single words, but is abstractly summarized by extension and metaphor on the basis of the event background provided by the constituent elements, so we must not look for meaning in words. For example:
Mr. Ye Shengtao said that Suzhou Gardens are specimens of gardens in China. After visiting several gardens in Suzhou this time, I really feel justified.
Exodus 2. When he said goodbye, he insisted on sending me some high-grade materials. This is a generous family.
For example 1? Justified? It means justified and reasonable. After that, it means that the reason for doing things is justified and sufficient, that is, it is justified. It is a misunderstanding to think that this statement accords with the actual situation. In example 2? Generous? Refers to people who understand reason. Later, it generally refers to people who are knowledgeable or have expertise in learning. In the sentence? Generous? Misunderstood as not stingy.
2. There are different opinions.
Most idioms contain a certain emotional color, and with the different language environment, the emotional color of words will also change. Sometimes, some idioms are misused because they are not praised or criticized. For example:
Ex. 3: Mr. Lu Xun loves his friends, especially young people. Not only does he do his best, but he often offers to help.
In reality, many people hold important positions, but they are ignorant, inflexible, do not think about reform, and even obstruct reform.
In example 3? Everything? It means nothing can't be achieved. Nowadays, bad people are often described as doing bad things everywhere or doing all the bad things. Derogatory. In example 4? Smart? It refers to the city and the government, and it is a metaphor for dealing with others. The whole word means frank and sincere, without scheming. Great.
3. Identify the object.
Idioms focus on meaning, which determines the general scope of application of words. If we don't know the habitual object or scope expressed by idioms, it will lead to arrogance between statements. For example:
Learning is gradual, and it is not advisable to rush to do difficult problems without learning the basic knowledge in a down-to-earth manner.
Example 6: Ronaldinho took a fancy to that fashionable sportswear, but unfortunately he didn't have enough money with him, so he had to give up what he wanted.
In example 5? Disturb the host and guest? Metaphorically, the guest occupies the position of the master, or foreign secondary things occupy the position of the original and the main object. There is no distinction between basic knowledge and difficult problems in the sentence. In example 6? Give up what one loves? It means very reluctant to give something you love to others. As a commodity, sportswear doesn't belong to you, because it can't be called if you don't have money and don't buy the goods you like? Give up what one loves? .
4. Delete redundancy.
Although the meaning of idioms in sentences is accurate, it is necessary to prevent repetition with other words in sentences. For example:
Ex. 7: Can an incomprehensible store name attract customers? Actually, it only makes people laugh.
The exciting scene at that time is still fresh in my memory.
In example 7? Generous? It refers to people with a certain specialty. The whole word means to be laughed at by experts and can't be added to the front? Let people? . In example 8? Do you remember it clearly? I remember the past clearly, just like what happened recently. Can't use it in the front? Or? .
5. Inconsistent.
Although the meaning of idioms in sentences is accurate, we should also pay attention to whether they contradict other words. For example:
I recently went to the coastal areas, but I was deeply impressed by the changes there.
At first, he didn't accept gifts from others. After a long time, he thought it was a trivial matter and didn't take it seriously.
In example 9? A glimpse? It means that the observation is not careful, the research is not deep, and the impression is not deep. ? A glimpse? With what? Impressive? The contradiction in example 10? Disapprove? I don't think this is right, which means I don't agree. What does the speaker mean? Don't feel wrong, available? Is that right? .
6. Improper collocation.
Due to the limitation of part of speech, we should pay attention to the usage of some idioms. For example:
Example 1 1. What kind are we used to? Offenders are fined? Bulletin board.
Example 12. The pharmacy here has good water and soil conditions, the leading group is United and uplifting, and the people live and work in peace and contentment.
Example 1 1? Common? It means to describe what you often see and not feel strange. You can't carry an object behind it. And in the example 12? Live and work in peace? Live there safely and enjoy your career. Can only say? People live and work in peace? , can't say? Live and work in peace? .
7. believe in the original meaning.
The meaning of many idioms is later extended, but occasionally its original meaning appears. When an idiom returns to its original meaning, we cannot easily think that it is wrong. For example:
Whenever night falls, the restaurant is full of lights and excitement. (1992 college entrance examination questions)
I was fat, but the old nurse quickly chose blood vessels and hit the nail on the head. I admire it.
For example 13? Feast? For? Hotel? After that, the original intention was convenience? Resurrection is no longer derogatory. Therefore, the use is correct. Like 14? Hit the nail on the head? Usually, it is a metaphor for speaking and writing articles, which is straightforward, concise and to the point, but its original intention is to describe the technical proficiency of medical staff by hitting the nail on the head This is the proper place to use the original meaning. Of course it is correct.
Review method of Chinese idioms in senior high school 1. Familiar with idioms that have appeared in college entrance examinations over the years.
The proposition of the college entrance examination should be said to be relatively scientific, so as a teacher or a student, whether choosing sentences or setting questions, we should carefully study the questions of each year, especially in recent years, so as to be targeted when reviewing and help the college entrance examination. Now some idioms that appeared in the college entrance examination are listed as follows.
Strange shapes have mushroomed, and everyone knows them, and they are silent.
Keep riding, command around and make the traffic bright.
Sweat, completely turn over a new leaf.
Judging from the college entrance examination over the years, there are only a few idioms in the test questions (such as? Beautiful? 、? Disappointed? ) is not common, most of them are idioms that often appear in newspapers and magazines and are easily misused. Therefore, when reviewing idioms, we should pay attention to those common and error-prone idioms instead of drilling into difficulties, so as to achieve better review effect.
Second, cite common and error-prone idioms.
There are so many idioms in our country that it is obviously unrealistic for a middle school student to master them all. So we should focus on common and error-prone idioms. For example:
1, not enough training: it cannot be used as an example or a rule.
2. Dissatisfaction: Generally speaking, it is still satisfactory.
3. Desperate management: painstakingly arrange, plan and manage a certain business.
4. Look sideways: Look sideways at people. Describe fear, hatred or contempt.
5. Enter the room: enter the hall and enter the inner room. Metaphor knowledge from shallow to deep, step by step, by going up one flight of stairs. It is also a metaphor for learning skills and getting the teacher's biography.
6. String changing: The tightness of the string does not match the pitch, so it should be tightened or relaxed to make the sound harmonious. Extended to reform and change.
7. worry: I have an opinion about what I have experienced, I can't forget it, and I am worried.
8. Save the dying. Describe medical skills.
9, painstaking: well-intentioned, profound accomplishments. Used to praise those who study hard and create achievements that others can't.
10, immersive: going to a place in person should be with? Put yourself in the shoes? Distinguish.
1 1, the text is not added: the article will be written quickly without alteration. Describe quick thinking.
12, the first attack, the first disaster.
13, amazing: admire the exquisiteness and perfection of the object.
14, two children have no guess: it shows that young men and women are innocent and get along well.
15. Cow without eyes: In ancient times, there was a man who killed a cow at first and saw the whole cow (? Whole cow? ), after three years, the skills have been greatly improved. When you move the knife, you can only see the cracks in the skin and bones, but you can't see the whole cow. And after that? No cows? The metaphor is delicate and ingenious. Canon "Zhuangzi"? Lord health.
16, in full swing: more metaphor for nervous public opinion preparation before public activities.
17, tomorrow's yellow flower: refers to the chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival, which means that once things change, they will be in vain.
18, disasters come from one wall: disasters come from one family, indicating that disasters and chaos are caused by internal reasons.
19, delicious: describe a woman's beautiful appearance or scenery.
20. methodical: it describes doing things in an orderly way without any confusion.
The idioms quoted here are only a small part of commonly used idioms, but these idioms are really easy to make mistakes in our daily life and often appear in various simulated test papers.