Hospitals undertake four major tasks: medical treatment, teaching, scientific research and preventive health care. Medical scientific research is an important means to promote medical development, and it is also a necessary measure to ensure and continuously improve medical quality, cultivate medical talents and promote the modernization of hospital management. The progress of hospital scientific research, the number and level of scientific and technological achievements and talents, and the introduction and application of new business and technology are important signs to measure the medical level and academic level of a modern hospital.
First, the significance of hospital scientific research
(a) improve the level of medical technology and medical quality, and improve people's health.
The purpose of hospital scientific research is to study the essence of human life and the occurrence, development, prevention and elimination of diseases, so as to improve human health, prolong life and improve labor ability. With the continuous development of society, the medical model and disease spectrum in China have changed significantly. Organized medical research can deeply and systematically sum up the past practical experience, deepen the understanding of human life and disease phenomena and their occurrence and development laws, constantly develop new medical theories, open up new research fields, overcome new technical difficulties, constantly seek the best ways and methods to protect human health and prevent diseases, continuously improve medical technology and quality, and meet people's growing demand for medical technology.
(B) the need to promote discipline construction and cultivate high-quality medical talents
Discipline construction is the main link of hospital business development. Without high-level scientific research support, discipline construction will become empty talk. The level of discipline and the popularity of experts are reflected by advanced topics and their follow-up results. Modern hospitals should cultivate high-quality medical talents who can master clinical medical technology and engage in scientific research. Through scientific research, they can not only consolidate the basic medical knowledge of medical practitioners, sum up clinical practical experience, grasp and track the latest domestic and international medical development trends and trends, expand their knowledge, activate their thinking mode, and cultivate a rigorous and pragmatic scientific research style. More importantly, through scientific research, they can cultivate a group of medical talents and outstanding talents who study hard, dare to imagine, dare to innovate, dare to practice and have high scientific quality. It is of great significance for teaching hospitals to carry out scientific research to improve themselves and learn from each other's strengths.
(3) It is necessary to strengthen academic exchanges at home and abroad and improve the academic status of hospitals.
With the development of human society and science and culture, scientific and technological exchanges have emerged, and academic exchanges are a special way and necessary means of scientific labor. Academic exchange comes from scientific research, which in turn promotes the improvement of scientific research and academic level in hospitals. Through academic exchanges, new scientific knowledge can be widely disseminated, and medical scientists and technicians can inspire each other, learn from each other, enliven academic thoughts and speed up research progress. In particular, international academic exchanges and cooperation are more necessary for introducing new technologies and keeping up with the development of medical science.
In addition, the research on hospital management is also an important aspect of medicine. Through mutual communication, it is very helpful to summarize and explore the practical experience of hospital management in China and study the relevant theories, methods and technologies of modern management. The essence of hospital revitalization, hospital development, the establishment and competition of tertiary hospitals and tertiary hospitals is the competition of scientific and technological strength. Grasping the progress of medical science and technology from a strategic perspective is an important guarantee for revitalizing hospitals, developing hospitals and improving their academic level and status.
(4) Promote the coordinated development of medical science and technology and social economy, and realize the needs of hospital science and technology development.
When solving the key technical problems of preventing and treating diseases and protecting people's health, hospital scientific research will certainly produce some valuable scientific and technological achievements, such as new technologies, new processes, new methods, new materials, new formulas and new drugs applied to diagnosis, treatment and prevention. On the one hand, these scientific and technological achievements directly exert obvious social benefits, on the other hand, they are transformed into productive forces through various development forms such as technology transfer, technology shareholding or joint production by absorbing foreign capital, creating more social wealth and generating direct economic benefits, which can make hospital scientific research enter a virtuous circle of supporting scientific research with scientific research, provide good economic and material conditions for hospital development, and thus realize the purpose of rejuvenating the hospital through science and technology.
Second, the characteristics of hospital scientific research
The essence of scientific research is to create knowledge and engage in the production of new knowledge, so scientific research is an extremely complicated and difficult mental work with the basic characteristics of inheritance, creativity and exploration. In addition to the above basic characteristics, hospital scientific research also has the following characteristics.
(A) the particularity of the research object
Medical scientific research is a science to explore the nature of human life and the relationship between disease and health. Taking people as the research object is one of the important characteristics of medical research, which is related to people's life and death, to the joys and sorrows of thousands of families, and to the rise and fall of distribution. Therefore, researchers are required to have noble professional ethics and rigorous scientific research style, engage in medical research according to ethical principles, ensure safety and reliability, and never allow direct or indirect harm to people's health. When it comes to human experiments, it must be carried out under serious moral standards and strict laws and regulations. The international Guidelines for Human Trials, the Food and Drug Administration Law of the United States and the Regulations on the Administration of Clinical Trials of Drugs formulated by the Ministry of Health of China all set strict regulations on human trials, such as the principle of informed consent, the moral principle of trial design and conduct, which every medical researcher should abide by.
Because the object of medical research and service is people, people are not only the product of nature, but also live in a certain social environment, with the dual attributes of nature and society. The mental state, psychological state, physiological activities and disease process of human body are also influenced by social factors, which increases the complexity of medical research. This requires medical researchers to be more meticulous and rigorous when making research plans and considering research schemes to ensure the accuracy and scientificity of research results.
(B) interdisciplinary integration of research work
The development of modern science is highly differentiated and comprehensive, and it has been recognized that interdisciplinary subjects are fertile ground for cultivating innovative academic ideas. Throughout the history of disease prevention and control research, every major research achievement requires not only the painstaking research of experts and scholars, but also the concerted efforts of Qi Xin, an optimized multidisciplinary group. Therefore, to carry out medical research, we must attach importance to the management research of interdisciplinary and cross-system joint research. It is necessary to vigorously promote interdisciplinary infiltration and implement the development policy of combining science, engineering and medicine, combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, combining basic and clinical, and combining high technology with improving the overall scientific and technological level of China's medical and health undertakings. Give full play to advantages, form characteristics, limit goals, and focus on breakthroughs to achieve the purpose of cultivating talents, producing results and benefits. For small and medium-sized hospitals with weak scientific and technological strength, we should also pay attention to strengthening horizontal contact and scientific and technological cooperation with higher-level hospitals and scientific research institutions, which is very beneficial for taking advantage of other people's talents, technology, information and equipment to improve their scientific and technological quality and level.
(C) researchers are limited by objective conditions
The medical and teaching tasks in hospitals are heavy, and most of the researchers are part-time. Therefore, the development of hospital scientific research is often restricted by various objective conditions. Among them, the most prominent ones are that the research time is not fully guaranteed, the continuity of research work is poor, and the research conditions and environment are not as ideal as those of scientific research institutions. At the same time, it will also face the risk of scientific research responsibility and the influence that personal economic income is not as good as medical care. It can be said that hospital scientific and technical personnel have embarked on a difficult journey since the establishment of scientific research projects. Without the guarantee of manpower, time and good experimental conditions, the research topic will eventually be affected or even interrupted. Therefore, scientific research management departments and scientific and technological personnel should first solve deep-seated understanding problems, strengthen the consciousness of "rejuvenating the country through science and technology" and "rejuvenating the hospital through science and technology", and correctly handle the relationship among medicine, teaching and research. Hospitals should create good research environment and experimental conditions for scientific and technological personnel, and formulate corresponding preferential and incentive policies. For example, according to the actual situation, clinical scientific and technical personnel are given a certain period of "scientific research leave" every year to engage in scientific research work, so as to ensure that the subject personnel can participate in scientific research work within a certain period of time, and ensure that the economic benefits during their scientific research work are not lower than those of clinical workers. This is necessary to protect the interests of scientific and technological personnel, give full play to their enthusiasm and ensure the smooth development of scientific research.
(four) the social welfare of the research purpose and results.
The purpose of medical scientific research is to protect people's health, directly serve the labor force, which is the most important factor in social productivity, and is directly related to social production, and belongs to social public welfare undertakings. For example, the invention of vaccinia eliminated smallpox all over the world, and the discovery of antibiotics brought countless dying people infected by germs back to life. Today, with the fundamental changes in medical model and disease spectrum, new basic medical theories, new diagnosis and treatment techniques and methods, new drugs and instruments are constantly providing new medical and health care means for human beings. Therefore, for medical research that pays attention to social benefits, government departments and the whole society should recognize and encourage the contribution of its research results to society, reward social public welfare achievements with economic means that meet social and economic conditions, advocate and commend the dedication of public welfare researchers, and give the material guarantee needed for research work.
Third, the task of hospital scientific research
According to the national hospital work regulations, the main purpose of scientific research in hospitals is to improve the clinical medical level. At the same time, we should actively create conditions to carry out experimental medicine and basic theory research, arouse new diagnosis and treatment technologies at home and abroad, continuously improve medical quality and develop medical science.
According to the sources of tasks, types of scientific and technological activities or research contents, hospital scientific research tasks can be summarized as the following aspects.
(A) by task source classification
1. Vertical scientific research tasks: refer to topics and projects assigned by government departments at all levels. Including the scientific research tasks determined in the national, departmental and professional development plans, or scientific research topics put forward by the Ministry of Health according to the requirements of medical and health development and some scientific and technological difficulties encountered in disease prevention and control. For example, scientific research projects of the State and the Ministry of Health, "863" and "973" projects, national natural science foundation projects, and fund projects of ministries, provinces, commissions and bureaus. Generally, it is carried out by means of selection or bidding. For the hospital, we must first ensure the implementation and realization of this part of the task. All units should actively create conditions for national tasks according to their own advantages and characteristics, experimental equipment conditions and the abilities and specialties of scientific and technological personnel.
2. Horizontal scientific research tasks: This kind of R&D projects are based on horizontal scientific and technological contracts, and are mainly entrusted by enterprises and institutions, and the research funds are generally provided by the entrusting units. Since China opened its technology market, such research and development projects have been increasing day by day. Because of their strong comprehensiveness, they often need to organize cross-departmental, cross-industry and cross-system cooperation to complete. We should undertake these tasks with a positive attitude and incorporate them into the plan to provide protection.
3. Free topic selection: it is a research topic put forward by scientific and technical personnel according to the development of disciplines and their expertise, combined with the actual needs of medical and health work. Some have gone through appraisal, approval and other procedures, and their units have given them financial support to set up projects, such as hospitals and research institutes. The other part is a subject that scientific and technical personnel study on their own according to their own interests or practical problems encountered in scientific research, teaching and medical practice. As long as the self-selected topic has innovative academic ideas, it may develop into a major scientific research topic with strong reserves. Therefore, we should pay full attention to self-selected topics and actively create conditions to support and cultivate them.
(b) By type of scientific and technological activities.
Due to the different ways of applying for projects, it is necessary to classify scientific and technological activities according to the research categories of UNESCO.
1. Basic research. It is a research activity aimed at understanding natural phenomena and exploring natural laws, and there is no or only general social application assumption. This kind of research is exploratory, has a long research cycle and requires high research methods. The results of research are often some scientific discoveries, which have an impact on a wide range of scientific fields and often explain a wide range of truths and become universal principles, theories or laws. Basic medical research is to explore and understand the basic laws of life activities, and to explore and reveal the general laws of disease occurrence, development and prognosis, so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for medical treatment and preventive technology and guide medical scientific practice.
2. Applied research. The research is mainly aimed at specific goals with practical application value. It often uses the results of basic research to specifically study the means and methods of how to utilize and transform nature, and to study practical problems in various technologies. Such as the research of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods, new drugs, new biological products, new medical technology and equipment, and so on.
3. Development research. Also known as development research, it is a creative activity that uses the knowledge of basic research and applied research to promote new materials, new products, new designs, new processes and new methods, or make major and substantial improvements. The difference between basic research and applied research is that the purpose of basic research and applied research is to increase and expand scientific and technological knowledge, while development research is mainly to popularize and open up new applications.
The above three studies complement each other, promote each other and transform each other. Basic research is the basis of applied research, and applied research is the application of basic research. Applied development research is not only the further continuation and confirmation of basic research achievements, but also promotes the development of basic research in turn.
(3) Classification according to research content
1. Clinical medical research. Including diagnostic and therapeutic research. The research goal of diagnosis method is to develop in the direction of early, specific, non-invasive, trace, accurate, rapid and simple, and gradually realize the mechanization and automation of diagnosis technology. The research of treatment methods includes drugs, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, physical therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy and nutritional therapy. The aim is to be safe, convenient, reliable in curative effect, repeatable and accurate in combination.
Clinical medical research should also attach importance to the research of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine is one of the knowledge systems to study human life and pathological phenomena, and its unique theory and unique means to prevent and treat diseases and maintain health attract worldwide attention. Efforts should be made to develop medicine with China characteristics, and modern scientific research methods and technologies should be used to actively accelerate and improve the process and level of scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine.
2. Preventive medicine research. With the change of medical model and the theory of "three-level prevention", medical research should shift from simple treatment to preventive treatment. Early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, infection monitoring, disinfection and isolation, prevention of cross infection, reduction of complications, prevention of chronic acute diseases, social prevention and social health care are all important contents of hospital preventive medicine research.
3. Basic medical research. Basic medical research is extremely important to the development of clinical medicine. As mentioned above, these studies can provide scientific theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, and are the source, backing and forerunner of new technologies and inventions. Especially for hospitals that undertake teaching tasks, basic research plays a very important role in improving the academic level of teachers, updating teaching materials, transforming old majors, establishing new interdisciplinary subjects, and promoting the cultivation of graduate students and undergraduates. Therefore, hospitals should actively create conditions to encourage and support basic medical research.
4. Research on hospital management. The management department of the hospital undertakes important tasks such as decision-making, command, organization and coordination. The development and improvement of a hospital depends largely on effective scientific management and organizational ability when people, finances and materials are basically the same. Under the new situation of the current market economy, how to deepen the internal system reform of the hospital, how to better learn and inspire advanced management theories, management techniques and methods, how to quickly realize the automation of management system, management institutions, management experts, management methods, scientific, standardized and institutionalized efficiency, and how to better play the role of hospital manpower, material resources, financial resources and various technical capabilities are also one of the important contents of medical research.
(Selected from Modern Hospital Management, edited by Ding, Hangzhou Publishing House, 1999)