1. Sacrifice
Ying Shao's "Custom Pass" said: "The Book of Rites": A wax hunter killed animals in order to sacrifice his ancestors. Or: "If you are a wax worker, you will receive it, and if you make new friends, you will be rewarded with a big sacrifice." Its origin is very early, and the Book of Rites, Suburb Sacrifice, records: "Yi Jia is a wax. Wax is also, cable is also, in December, everything is sought. " "Supplementary Biography of Historical Records and Huang San" also said: "Shennong in Yan Di took it as a field, so it was reported to heaven and earth as a wax sacrifice." Xia dynasty called it "Jiaping", Yin dynasty called it "Qingsi", Zhou dynasty called it "Big Wax" and Han dynasty changed it to "Wax". Sacrifice objects every eight times: increase God first? Shennong, Shen? Hou Ji, Saturnalia? The god of celestial officials, the god of pillars and tables? Founded the Tianlu Society, a person who opened the way for painting, a cat and tiger god, a square god dike and a water god? Ditches, insect gods. The twelfth lunar month festival in the pre-Qin period was held on the third day after the solstice, and was gradually fixed on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month after the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, this festival was painted with the color of Buddha. According to legend, before Sakyamuni became a Buddha, he never thought about asceticism and lost his head with hunger. A shepherdess saved her by mixing wild fruits with miscellaneous grains and cooking porridge with clear spring. Sakyamuni pondered under the bodhi tree and finally became a Buddha on1February 8. Since then, Buddhism has designated this day as "Buddhism and Taoism Day", and chanting to commemorate it has become a festival. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, worshipping gods and buddhas replaced ancestor worship, celebrating harvest and expelling epidemic disasters, which became the main theme of Laba Festival. Its holiday customs are mainly cooking, giving people away, tasting Laba porridge and holding a cool breeze. At the same time, many people have been eager to celebrate the Spring Festival since then, busy killing pigs, making tofu, making wind fish and bacon with glue, and purchasing new year's goods. The atmosphere of "Nian" gradually became stronger.
Step 2 prescribe diet
① Laba porridge
Laba porridge Laba porridge is also called "Qibao Wuwei porridge". China has been drinking Laba porridge for more than 1000 years. It first started in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it is the imperial court, the government, temples, or the people's homes, Laba porridge will be cooked. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of drinking Laba porridge became more popular. At court, emperors, queens and princes give laba porridge to civil and military ministers and attendants, and distribute rice and fruit to monasteries for monks to eat. In the folk, every household should also make laba porridge to worship their ancestors; At the same time, family members get together for dinner and give gifts to relatives and friends. There are many kinds of Laba porridge in China. Among them, Beiping is the most exquisite, and there are many items mixed in white rice, such as red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, pine nuts, longan, hazelnuts, grapes, ginkgo, water chestnut, moss, roses, red beans and peanuts. , a total of not less than twenty kinds. On the night of the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, people began to get busy, washing rice, soaking fruits, peeling, removing stones and picking carefully, then cooking in the middle of the night and stewing with low fire until Laba porridge was cooked the next morning.
More sophisticated people should first carve fruits into human shapes, animals and patterns, and then cook them in a pot. More distinctive is to put "fruit lion" in Laba porridge. Fruit lion is a lion made of several kinds of fruits, with peeled and dried crisp dates as the lion's body, half walnut kernel as the lion's head, peach kernel as the lion's foot and sweet almond as the lion's tail. Then stick them together with sugar and put them in a porridge bowl, just like a little lion. If the bowl is bigger, you can put two lions or four little lions. More exquisite, it is made of jujube paste, red bean paste, yam, hawthorn cake and other foods in various colors, and kneaded into statues of the Eight Immortals, the birthday girl, Luohan and so on. This decorative Laba porridge can only be seen on the altar of a big temple in the past.
Laba porridge pays attention to ingredients.
Now there are ready-made ingredients of Laba porridge in the supermarket, but you can also choose the ingredients of Laba porridge according to your eating habits and physical condition, and the cooked Laba porridge will be very unique.
The main raw material of "Laba porridge" is grain, and the commonly used ones are japonica rice, glutinous rice and coix seed. Japonica rice contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other ingredients, and has the functions of nourishing the middle warmer, nourishing the spleen and stomach, regulating the five internal organs, relieving vexation, quenching thirst and benefiting essence. Glutinous rice has the function of warming spleen and benefiting qi, which is suitable for people with low spleen and stomach function, and has certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on deficiency cold, diarrhea, thirst and dysuria. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that coix seed has the functions of invigorating spleen and lung, clearing away heat and infiltrating dampness, and it also has a good effect on chronic enteritis and dyspepsia if eaten regularly. Coix seed is rich in dietary fiber, which can prevent hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular diseases.
Beans are the ingredients of Laba porridge, and soybeans and red beans are commonly used. Soybean contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and so on. It is rich in nutrition and has many health care functions, such as lowering blood cholesterol, preventing cardiovascular diseases, inhibiting various malignant tumors and preventing osteoporosis. Adzuki bean contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that this product has the functions of invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness, inducing diuresis and reducing swelling, and has certain auxiliary treatment effect on diarrhea and edema due to spleen deficiency.
The dietotherapy function of nuts in Laba porridge should not be underestimated. Peanuts and walnuts are indispensable raw materials. Peanut has the reputation of "longevity fruit", which has many functions, such as moistening lung, harmonizing stomach, relieving cough, diuresis and promoting lactation. Walnut kernel has the functions of tonifying kidney and benefiting qi, improving intelligence and strengthening brain, strengthening tendons and bones, stimulating appetite and blackening hair. Vitamin E contained in walnut kernel is an anti-aging drug recognized by medical circles.
If mutton, dog meat and chicken are added to Laba porridge, the nutritional and nourishing value of Laba porridge will double. For patients with hypertension, we might as well add some white radish and celery to the porridge. For patients who often suffer from insomnia, if we add some longan meat and Ziziphus jujuba seeds to the porridge, it will play a very good role in nourishing the heart and calming the nerves. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and Lycium barbarum Thunb. have the functions of prolonging life and assisting in regulating blood lipid, and are good dietotherapy products for the elderly. Oats can lower the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. Eating oats can slow down the rise of blood sugar, and adding oats to carbohydrate foods can inhibit the rise of blood sugar. Therefore, for diabetic patients and patients with diabetes complicated with cardiovascular diseases, it is appropriate to put some oats in porridge. Jujube is also a good food therapy for invigorating qi, nourishing blood and strengthening spleen, and has certain curative effect on spleen and stomach weakness, blood deficiency and sallow, lung deficiency and cough.