If we think that the social environment is very important to the development of medicine, then we can be sure that the above-mentioned influence is inevitable, and it is more obvious in the rapidly changing modern society, so we don't need to look for too much evidence. The view of nourishing the heart and keeping in good health is: "Fight, you will be thinner;" Make way and get fat. " In ancient times, obesity was a symbol of health and happiness, but today, people are worried about how to lose weight. Therefore, it is very necessary and beneficial to study the influence of modern society on ancient Chinese medicine health preservation and how Chinese medicine health preservation adapts to this influence. The study of TCM regimen should be the central task in the future. The content of this paper is the author's preliminary exploration on this subject. I. Changes of various factors in ancient society and modern society From the perspective of medical revolution, modern society refers to the society in the second stage of healthy revolution. In China, although the first health revolution has not been completely completed, it can be said that it has entered the second medical revolution period from the overall situation and the long-term trend of urban and rural areas.
From the ancient society where TCM was born to the modern society, the factors related to human health care have changed as follows:
1. Etiology and disease: Etiology: from biological and environmental factors to lifestyle factors (social and psychological factors); Diseases: from poor diseases (infectious diseases and parasitic diseases) to civilized diseases (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, chronic degenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, peptic ulcer, etc. ).
The top three causes of death (heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and malignant tumor) of urban and rural residents in China are the same as those in developed countries, and the correlation between these three causes of death and lifestyle is 47.6%, 43.2% and 45.2% respectively.
2. Mental state: from relaxation to tension. Compared with ancient society, the increase of mental work, accelerated pace of life, enhanced competition, large amount of information, crowded living and transportation space and complicated interpersonal relationships in modern society are the fundamental reasons for modern people's psychological tension.
3. Physical activity: from more to less. With the development of industrial revolution, urbanization and information revolution, people's heavy manual labor in production, office and transportation has been replaced by "button work" and lead a "sedentary life".
4. Nutrition: from shortage to surplus. Coupled with the reduction of nutrition consumption caused by the reduction of physical labor, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, multivitamins and other related diseases have increased significantly.
5. Health requirements: from the perspective of disease-free longevity (biology-→ "not only have no physical defects, but also have complete physical, psychological and social adaptability." (defined by WHO) This is the result of the transformation from "biomedical model" to "bio-social-psychological medical model".
6. Health care target: giving priority to the elderly-→ paying equal attention to the elderly and young people. Because the role and status of young and middle-aged people in modern society have improved, the modern lifestyle is the most prominent among young and middle-aged, the age of psychosomatic diseases has moved forward, and an aging society has become a common phenomenon.
7. The concept of desire: from abstinence to pleasure. Pursuit and enjoyment of material desire, carnal desire, lust and spiritual desire. No longer regarded as evil, but should be. Smoking, smoking and drug abuse, which have a special relationship with health, are also rampant.
8. From conforming to nature to transforming nature. On the one hand, the achievements of modern society in transforming nature have created a good living environment for human beings without interference from natural factors. On the other hand, because of this rapid and drastic change, it is difficult for human beings to adapt quickly, which affects their health, such as TV disease, air conditioning disease, computer disease, noise and electromagnetic hazards, building phobia, Monday syndrome, office syndrome and so on. Second, the influence of social changes on TCM health preservation. The changes of various factors from ancient society to modern society have made important changes in the status of TCM health preservation. On the basis of understanding this change, making corresponding policies can make TCM health care tend to avoid disadvantages, give full play to its advantages and play a greater role in personal health care in modern society with its inherent characteristics.
1. Influence of etiology and disease changes: This change is beneficial to TCM health preservation. There are the following methods of TCM health preservation: regulating the four seasons, the law of life, being cautious about seven emotions, abstinence, exercise, quietness, drug health preservation, food health preservation and plaything health preservation. Obviously, these methods belong to the category of lifestyle, and they are only aimed at modern diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyles. In fact, the method of TCM health preservation has little effect on the main diseases (infectious diseases and parasitic diseases) in ancient society, because it is mainly caused by environmental and biological factors and must be prevented through public health.
TCM health care must: first, give full play to its advantages and devote itself to studying modern behaviors, such as watching TV, living in a small space, applying for a job, studying, sitting in an office, competing, traveling and so on. Second, change the behavior regimen that is not suitable for modern life, such as Neijing: "In spring and March, lie down at night, get up early, stride forward and slow down your mission." Modern hairstyle and living space are not suitable for this. Third, study the effect of TCM health preservation on modern diseases.
2. The influence of psychological state change: This change has both advantages and disadvantages on TCM health preservation. TCM advocates that the spirit should be relaxed. "Tao Te Ching" said: "Everyone is bustling. If you enjoy too much prison, you must be on the platform; I am a person, I am afraid that there is no sign of it, like an unborn child of a baby, I am afraid that there is no return. " Neijing: "Different emotions will lead to dirty". On the one hand, this regimen can adjust and balance modern psychology; On the other hand, this way of keeping in good health is integrated with the attitude towards life in TCM, which is not feasible in modern society.
Therefore, firstly, as a technology, Chinese medicine should improve and expand the application of mental relaxation methods, such as applying static exercises to athletes to speed up their recovery; Set up a mental relaxation room in the factory to balance the nervous nerves of workers. Second, TCM health preservation, as a life attitude, should not be advocated.
3. The influence of physical activity changes: This change is not conducive to TCM health. Because the general methods of TCM health-keeping exercise are all low-exercise, such as Wuqinxi, Yijinjing, Qigong and Tai Ji Chuan. Wushu with a large amount of exercise does not belong to the category of TCM health preservation, and it is difficult to prevent modern diseases caused by too little exercise.
Under the condition of not affecting other characteristics, we can try to increase the exercise amount of TCM health-keeping exercise.
4. Influence of nutritional changes: This change has advantages and disadvantages for TCM health preservation. Traditional Chinese medicine advocates suppressing appetite. Dietary proverbs say: "Your body is expensive, your parents' bones hurt your body with their mouths, and everything gushes ... Because you have too many vertical flavors and five flavors, diseases arise." "Sun Zhenren said with a pillow," If you invade a bowl of porridge in the morning, you won't be able to teach enough for dinner. "First, this view and method have a positive effect on reducing the food intake of modern people. But second, this view and method are hard to be accepted by modern people, at the expense of people's food enjoyment. Third, its typical performance-vegetarian diet does more harm than good to health. Fourth, the lack of exercise in TCM health care methods has aggravated the relative excess of nutrition.
It is necessary to find a diet method that can satisfy people's diet enjoyment and reduce nutrition intake, and at the same time strengthen the exercise of TCM health-keeping exercise.
5. Impact of changes in health requirements. This change is not conducive to TCM health preservation. Traditional Chinese medicine only emphasizes the negative aspects of psychological balance, tolerance and no desire, and does not advocate positive psychology. It also emphasizes "being born as a human being" and regards worldly things as a major source of obstacles to health. Zhuangzi: "My husband is indifferent and does nothing. The world is flat, and so is morality. " "If you don't see, hear and know everything, your God will remain in shape, and shape is immortal." Neijing: "In the Middle Ages, there was a supreme person, who was pure and virtuous, harmonious between Yin and Yang, adjusted the four seasons and died of vulgarity."
Traditional Chinese medicine should improve its own health level, take people in society and their activities in society as the research object, and regard negative psychological state as one aspect of healthy psychological state rather than the whole.
6. The impact of changes in health care objects. This change has both advantages and disadvantages for TCM health preservation. The main target of TCM health care is the elderly, which can be seen from the conservative psychology, slow pace and low activity of TCM health care methods. The thematic discussion on longevity accounts for more than half of its system, and the most important criterion for health preservation is whether it is longevity and whether there are signs of aging. Neijing: "I heard that ancient people were 100 years old in the Spring and Autumn Period, but their actions never failed." He also said that people who really have the best medical care "live a long life, and there is no end." Secondly, people are also "beneficial all their lives and strong." Secondly, saints, "can also be a hundred." Secondly, the sage, "can also prolong life, sometimes." This is extremely useful in today's aging society, but it is not suitable for middle-aged and young people.
Traditional Chinese medicine health care should be combined with the characteristics of modern elderly people, such as older age, more degenerative diseases, fewer children and grandchildren, living alone and eager to participate in society, so as to further improve the health care of the elderly. At the same time, strengthen the research on health care methods for young and middle-aged people.
7. The influence of the change of desire view. This change has both advantages and disadvantages for TCM health preservation. TCM health preservation is abstinence in all aspects. Neijing: "Under the guidance of ancient sages and sages, husbands are all called thieves of evil spirits. Sometimes they avoid them, remain indifferent to the air, obey the true qi, keep the spirit inside and be safe from illness outside." It is based on leisure and less desire, inner peace without fear, tireless work, obedience and desire. Therefore, eating is beautiful. Let it serve, enjoy its vulgarity and compete with each other. Its people are so simple. So lust can't satisfy his eyes, and lust can't confuse his heart. " Although this has an admonishing effect on some excessive indulgence of modern people, it is difficult for modern people to accept health at the expense of desire and enjoyment. Secondly, excessive abstinence is actually harmful to health.
The essentials of TCM health preservation: First, regard abstinence as a necessary supplement to enjoyment, not the whole. Second, look for beneficial pleasure to replace bad indulgence. Third, study the methods of quitting smoking, taking drugs, sprinkling and other special bad habits.
8. The influence of the change of natural view: This change has both advantages and disadvantages for TCM health preservation. Traditional Chinese medicine advocates conforming to nature. Tao Te Ching: "For humanists, the earth is the natural law, and the natural law is the natural law." Lu Chunqiu: "Therefore, those who govern the body and the world in ancient times must abide by the laws of heaven and earth." This method can provide a balance between body and mind for human beings when the natural environment changes rapidly and it is difficult to adapt quickly. But at the same time, the advantages of transforming nature outweigh the disadvantages to human health. It is an inevitable process, and nature should only play a supplementary and regulatory role.
Chinese medicine should study all kinds of maladjusted diseases and prevent them by adapting to nature; At the same time, we should change the meaning of the word "nature" and study the new natural-man-made environment. Give up the natural regimen that becomes unrealistic due to environmental changes.
If we want to summarize the characteristics of TCM health preservation, feminine and closed are appropriate words. The ancient social culture was also passive and closed, while the modern social culture was active and open. From this point of view, TCM health care is the same as ancient social culture and ancient health care requirements, and it is a complementary relationship. This method and concept of keeping in good health can be used in life, study and politics. However, TCM health preservation is complementary to modern social culture and modern health requirements, and it is a complementary relationship of opposites. The way and concept of health care can not be used in life, study and work, nor can it play a leading role in health care, but only play a balancing role. This is the general orientation of TCM health preservation in modern society.
To adapt to the new orientation of modern society, TCM health preservation mainly depends on giving play to its inherent advantages, rather than turning defects into new advantages. This is because the new theory of personal health care in western medicine, which can overcome the shortcomings of traditional Chinese medicine, has developed rapidly. In this case, traditional Chinese medicine health care can only pursue complementarity with western medicine personal health care, and should not pursue self-improvement. The theme of this paper is to change the attitude of "keeping constant should be changeable" in TCM health preservation, and our research object should be social reality rather than ancient books. Here, the concept of health preservation is not applicable. As for the specific point of view, this paper only plays a role in attracting jade. Reference 1 China Institute of Health Education explores the road to health (I) 1987.
2 Collected Works of Lin Ganliang's Health and Longevity Shanghai Science and Technology Press 1982 has some references/p-11096969.html.