In addition, there are 26 doctors who specialize in "moxibustion therapy" and are mainly responsible for Neiting Pharmaceutical. Imperial Hospital is not only responsible for diagnosis, treatment and pharmacy, but also for medical teaching. It has a "teaching hall" for training medical talents, and only the highly skilled doctors and officials are eligible to be selected for teaching. To put it simply, imperial doctor is divided into four grades, from high to low: imperial doctor, official doctor, imperial doctor and doctor. Doctors, officials and healers are all qualified to diagnose and prescribe diseases, while doctors are "interns in too many hospitals", but they often practice until they are old, so they may not have the opportunity to improve.
This is not necessarily directly related to medical skills. On the one hand, there are many doctors and fierce competition. On the other hand, once the seniors with deep qualifications and good medical skills are reused, of course, the emperor refuses to let them go, so how can the younger generation have promotion opportunities?
In Qing dynasty, it was the way to become a medical officer through examination. If a medical officer comes from a noble family in a hospital, he can go directly to the hospital to study. If they are not aristocratic children, people from a doctor's family also have the opportunity to participate in the interview, enter the Tai Hospital as students, and become medical officers of the Tai Hospital after three years of study and physical examination presided over by the Department of Ritual.
Quasi-Taiji doctors will be promoted and supplemented according to their grades and vacancies after entering the medical officer system of Taiji Hospital. Doctors can be promoted, officials can be doctors, doctors can be right hospitals, right hospitals can be right hospital judges, right hospital judges can be left hospital judges, and left hospital judges can be hospital ambassadors. The director and deputy director of Tai Hospital shall be reported to the official department by the Ministry of Ritual, while doctors and officials shall be selected and promoted from within, and then reported to the Ministry of Ritual for registration.
After entering the hospital, it takes five or eight years to climb up from the bottom. However, there is another way to reach the sky, that is, the aristocratic children can be appointed directly, and even they can be exempted from the test when they go to the hospital to study. The Qing emperor once ordered that the children of doctors with excellent medical skills in hospitals be directly awarded official titles, which was not only a reward for meritorious doctors, but also a reliable supplementary member.
Qi Kun, the physician of Shunzhi Dynasty, was born in a medical family. When he arrived in the Kangxi Dynasty, he was promoted to the director of the hospital because of his superb medical skills, and he wrote the book "Great Success in Surgery". Qi Kun's son Qi has been influenced by his father since childhood. Kangxi began to work in Tai Hospital in thirty-six years. He has treated parotitis of the Yellow Emperor's eighteen sons and ulceration of the Yellow Emperor's thirteen sons' right leg, and has been commended by Kangxi for many times. This kind of father and son have become imperial doctors, and there are not a few examples of working in imperial hospitals, but they are all on tenterhooks and walking on thin ice.
If the folk medicine is superb, it can also be selected as a doctor too much, and local officials recommend local famous doctors to be officials in the DPRK; Yongzheng once ordered provincial governors to recommend "doctors who are familiar with the elderly" and take up their posts after passing the examination in Beijing Taiyuan Hospital.
No matter how you become a physician and become a full-time doctor, the more arduous task is yet to come. "Draft of Qing history. Official 2: "The imperial doctors, officials and doctors are divided into classes and dressed straight, straight in the palace and straight in the outside." Xiyuan Shoule Music Room was directly occupied by two officials of our college. The objects of imperial doctors' services are not only the emperors, empresses and palace officials, but also the medical services of royal relatives and important officials, that is, Liuzhi.
In the Kangxi Dynasty, Brother Fujin lost too much blood after delivery, and two doctors from the Palace of Life in Kangxi went to the consulting room together. They gave Fujin soups: Polygonatum odoratum San Qian, Astragalus San Qian Moxibustion, Atractylodes Macrocephala Sauté ed, Paeonia lactiflora Sauté ed with Wine, Cortex Cinnamomi peeled for seven minutes, Angelica sinensis washed with wine, Pinellia tuber fried with ginger, Cyperus tuber fried with vinegar, Aconitum kusnezoffii Moxibustion, one piece of stewed ginger and two pieces of black dates. Cure too much to report the diagnosis and treatment process and the contents of the prescription to the emperor in detail.
Whenever the emperor goes out to inspect, the imperial palace also needs to send personnel to accompany him, usually sending "two doctors and three officials in the hospital"; If the emperor's favorite local official is ill, the doctor must also go to the clinic. If you are on a business trip, the mountains are high and the water is deep, which is very hard.
A royal doctor with less money and more work.
Emperors in Qing Dynasty paid attention to health preservation and pursued the principle of "treating diseases and preserving health on weekdays". Therefore, even in painless days, doctors should feel the pulse of the emperor and his queen to ensure their health. The diagnosis and treatment process, patient's pulse changes, and medication situation of Doctor Tai are all recorded by a special person as "pulse case" and "medical case", and even the diagnosis and treatment process and results are recorded by many people.
Doctor Tai should also read the patient's pulse records and medication records before seeing a doctor, so as to understand his physique and medication habits, so as to master the medical prescription more accurately. It is even more cautious to prescribe medicine for the emperor. The prescription should be "immediately entered into the book, inscribed in the year and month, and received by the near minister" as evidence; The process of drug preparation must be completed under the supervision of a recent minister. Divide into two containers after frying. The medicine in a container is tried by the doctor who prescribed the medicine, the court judge and the near minister in turn, and then handed over to the emperor after confirming that there is no problem.
In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi, Sun and others were ordered by the Imperial Hospital to treat the "hemorrhoid recurrence and leakage" of Qi Minister. After Sun reported that he could do nothing about the disease, Kangxi said that he was "a misleading quack, which is common", which made Sun and others worry all the time, and a doctor who overtreated him was also unhappy and worried to death.
After 20 years of Qianlong, the imperial court ordered Liu Yuduo to take orders to treat the "typhoid fever" of Aunt Shen, the minister in charge of the bodyguard. As a result, Aunt Shen's condition became more and more serious. In a rage, he gave an order to the chief minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: "A patient can't be cured, so you should pay more attention to them and see how they treat the disease!" "Liu Yuduo and others, of course. It is expected that the staff will be accused of losing their official position and the prison will be jailed for it.
Doctor Tai is responsible for protecting the health of the royal family, but his rank is not high and his salary is not much. In the first year of Yongzheng, the doctor gave 1252 taels of silver, 92 meters, to the public meal. At that time, ordinary eunuchs had two taels of silver, and the starting salary was really low.
Too many doctors in the Qing dynasty are difficult to treat, not only because it is difficult to get promoted, but also because there is less money and more work. Working in a hospital with excellent medical skills is a good thing, but more importantly, it is cautious and lucky. When you encounter an incurable disease, you can only open a "safety card", that is, don't let your condition suddenly deteriorate. If you are unlucky and die if you can't be cured, you can only let the emperor punish you. It seems that we should save ourselves first and then save others!
With the improvement of people's health awareness, more and more people advocate vegetarianism, but vegetarianism is closely related to health preservation. Next,