Clinical manifestations of hypertension: According to the difference of the severity and progress of the disease, essential hypertension can be divided into slow progressive type and rapid progressive type. 1. Slow progressive hypertension: Most clinical cases are slow progressive hypertension, and there are no symptoms in the early stage. Blood pressure rises during general physical examination, including dizziness, headache, tinnitus, palpitation, insomnia and fatigue. At the beginning, blood pressure only rises temporarily, mostly when you are nervous or overworked, and then returns to normal after rest. With the further development of the disease, blood pressure continues to rise, involving the heart and brain. B, brain manifestations: can lead to cerebral vasospasm, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis. C. Renal manifestations: Nocturnal urine, polyuria, protein, cast and red blood cells may appear in urine. B fundus manifestations: it can indirectly reflect the severity of hypertension, and its standard is divided into four grades: 1 grade: retinal artery stenosis; Grade 2: retinal artery stenosis, arteriovenous cross compression; Grade 3: Fundus hemorrhage or flocculent exudation; Grade 4: bleeding and exudation with papillae edema. 2. Rapid hypertension: rare, accounting for about 1%-5%, with slow progress or rapid onset. It is characterized by sudden onset, sustained and significant increase in blood pressure, rapid progress of the disease, heart, brain and kidney damage for several months or 1-2 years, and frequent complications such as hypertensive encephalopathy, cardiac insufficiency and uremia. There is exudation and bleeding in the fundus. If accompanied by papillae edema (grade ⅳ), it is called malignant hypertension and the prognosis is poor. 3. Senile hypertension: Patients with primary hypertension over 60 years old are senile hypertension. Its characteristics are: more than half of them are simple systolic hypertension, that is, systolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure is less than 90mmHg, and pulse pressure is increased. Blood pressure fluctuates greatly, prone to postural hypotension. It is also prone to heart failure. 4. Hypertensive crisis: A. Hypertensive crisis: During the course of hypertension, due to various incentives, hypersympathetic nerve, excessive blood catecholamine and temporary convulsion of systemic arterioles, blood pressure rises sharply. Clinical symptoms are called hypertensive crisis. It is more common in rapidly progressive hypertension, which is characterized by a significant increase in blood pressure in a short period of time. Sympathetic nerve excitement symptoms: such as tachycardia, sweating, asthma, etc. The increase of blood pressure is mainly caused by the significant increase of systolic blood pressure, which is usually short-lived. After controlling blood pressure, the condition can be improved rapidly, but it is easy to relapse. B. Hypertensive encephalopathy: In the course of hypertension, acute cerebral blood circulation disorder is caused by persistent and severe cerebral vasospasm, which leads to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure. The clinical sign is called hypertensive encephalopathy, which can occur in patients with rapidly progressive hypertension, and is characterized by sudden onset, obvious increase in blood pressure, severe headache, vomiting, convulsion, coma and even death.