Sanfangqixiang is located in the city center, starting from Bayiqi North Road in the east, reaching Tonghu Road in the west, Yangqiao Road in the north and Jipi Lane and Guanglufang in the south, covering an area of about 40 hectares, with 268 existing ancient houses.
"Three lanes and seven lanes" is located in the center of Fuzhou, which is the general name of ten lanes arranged from north to south on both sides of Nanhou Street.
The "three squares" are: Yijinfang, Wenrufang and Guanglufang;
The seven lanes are: Yangqiao Lane, Langguan Lane, Anmin Lane, Huang Xiang Lane, Zhonglou Lane, Gongxiang Lane and Goose Skin Lane.
Since the Han Dynasty, Fuzhou has built six city walls, including Yecheng and Zicheng. The city expanded from north to south. The overall layout takes Pingshan as the barrier, Yushan and Wushan as the confrontation, South Street (Bayi Road) as the central axis, with lanes on both sides, paying attention to symmetry, and gradually forming a street with three lanes, seven lanes and one street ("street" guide).
The panorama of three lanes and seven lanes was formed in Wang Luocheng in Tang Dynasty, with antai river as the boundary in the south, political center and aristocratic residential area in the north and civilian residential area and commercial area in the south. At the same time, the symmetry of the central axis is emphasized, and walls are divided on both sides of the southern central axis. These residents became the beginning of the alley, forming today's three lanes and seven lanes.
In this block, alleys crisscross and stone slabs are paved; White wall tile house, arc gable, rigorous layout and ingenious technology; Most of them are decorated with pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, flowers and plants, and rockeries, which integrate humanities and natural landscapes. Many houses have leaking doors and windows, and the roof truss is streamlined, with upturned corners extending out of the house, like a saddle, commonly known as a saddle wall. The wall is only for the periphery, and the bearing function lies entirely in the column. Generally, the two sides are symmetrical, and the wall head and wing angle are painted with clay sculptures, forming the unique wall head style of Fuzhou ancient dwellings. The residence has one or more entrances, and each entrance has a hall, a back hall, a main room, a back room, left and right pavilions, and front and rear patios. Siheyuan is another feature of traditional folk houses in Fuzhou. It is surrounded by halls and pavilions, forming a rectangular space, which is the transportation hub of the house, and makes the house sunny, the air unobstructed and the drainage convenient. Indoor doors and windows are also different from other places, both large and numerous. Most of the windows are double-deck long-row windows, the bottom layer is fixed, and the upper layer is open or double-opened. The main entrance of the main room faces the open corridor of the hall, mostly in four directions, and the doors are carved with rich patterns and flowers, which adds to the style of the hall.
The picture of the three lanes and seven lanes shows "Who knows that the five willows are lonely and loose, but they live in three lanes and seven lanes". The three lanes and seven alleys are outstanding and fascinating, and many famous politicians, strategists, writers and poets in the past dynasties have gone from here to glory. The names of some alleys can show the charm and glory of the year.
In the first "Top Ten Historical and Cultural Blocks in China", Sanfang and Qixiang, the largest and most well-preserved ancient buildings in China, were selected as "Top Ten Historical and Cultural Blocks in China" with high votes.
July 2009 19 "Famous historical and cultural street in China? A grand unveiling ceremony was held in Nanhou Street, Fuzhou.
Yijin house
Yijinfang Yijinfang is the first of the three squares, formerly known as Tongchao Lane. According to the Archaeology of Rongcheng in the Qing Dynasty, in the Song Dynasty, "Lu Yun and Lu Zao lived here, named Jin Lu, and were later sent to Jiangdong by Wang Yixiang to be punished and renamed Yijin." In the Song Dynasty, it was called "Jin Lu", and in the Ming Dynasty, it was even more "a kilo". In fact, it means that some people in the workshop are going out to be big officials, and now they are returning home dressed in rags, so the name of the workshop has been changed to "Tongchao", because this is a water network area, and the tides of the West Lake and the South Lake can reach the ditches in this lane.
Zhong Fang 16 is the residence of Qing Jiaqing Jinshi Zheng Pengcheng, among which Yijinfang Waterfront Stage is the most distinctive. This is a wooden single-story platform with four columns and single bay, with a clear water pool below, a well in the middle and an attic in the front. Watching drama performances here is clear in water, wind and sound, with acoustic principles and aesthetic value. This is the only existing waterside stage in Fuzhou.
Wenru house
The second of the three workshops is Wenru Workshop. The name Wenru Square has existed since the Song Dynasty. According to "Archaeology of Rongcheng", this lane "was originally named the Confucian Forest, but it was renamed because Zheng Muju offered wine in the Song Dynasty". Zheng Mu was appointed as the national supervisor to offer a wine sacrifice, and he was an important official of the country's highest institution of higher learning, with three ranks attached. The famous anti-Japanese warrior in Ming Dynasty and the famous Fujian prefect and company commander of Taiwan Province Province in Qing Dynasty once lived here. Chen's former residence, a famous "scholar of the Five Dynasties" in the Qing Dynasty, is also in the workshop. Chen's eldest son is Chen, the teacher of the Qing emperor. The former residence of Chen Yan, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty and the author of Poems on Yi Shi, is also here. It is a mansion facing south, and Guanghua Pavilion is the landlord who studies for his disciples. Adjacent to Chen Yu is the residence of Professor Ke Ling Han, a famous modern jurist. This studio is famous for its many scholars and Confucian scholars.
Guanglufang
Guanglufang is the third of the "three squares". Guanglufang, formerly known as Yuchishan, also known as Minshan, is one of the "three famous mountains" in Fuzhou. In history, there was a fragrant incense courtyard in Guanglufang, commonly known as "Minshan Fu Bao Temple" (in the present Guanglufang Park). At that time, Cheng Shimeng, the chief of Fuzhou, who used to be Guangluqing, often came here to recite poems, and the monks carved the words "Guangluyin Taiwan" on the stone. In order to thank the monk, he recited a poem: "It is always sunny and lonely, and the wild monk wrote a poem on the stone platform. There is no poem like Yan Guanglu, but every time he remembers boarding the ship, he comes back. " The name of Guanglufang came from this.
Guanglufang is also a place where celebrities live together. Painters in the late Ming Dynasty included Lin Youtai and Chang-ik Son, their sons, Bin Xu, Sun, great-grandson, Xu Jun, great-grandson Xu and Xu, all of whom were poets and painters. There were brothers Lin Dong and Lin Ji in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Lin Dong is an archaeologist who has written Selected Ancient Characters of Laizhai and Textual Research on Laizhai Stone. Lin Ji is a master of poetry and prose. He is good at calligraphy. His hand-carved Records of Men in Yuyang Mountain, Yao Fengwen Copy, Gu Fuyu Pavilion Miscellaneous Notes and Wu Ting Wen Bian are very famous. They are called "Four Carvings of Lin Ji" and occupy a place in the printing history of China. Ren Huang, a poet and famous writer of Tibetan inkstones, Qi Kun, envoy of Ryukyu Kingdom, two scholars on the same list-Liu Qiqu and Liu Qixian, naturalist Guo Baicang, modern novel translator Lin Shu, famous writer Yu Dafu and so on. There are also many talented women, such as Huang Shumi and Huang Shuming, daughters of Ren Huang, Qi Xiangdi, daughter of Qi Kun, and Guo Shizhu, daughter of Guo Baicang. They are either outstanding painters or poets.
Guanglufang is the most famous scenic spot, Guanglu Yintai, specializing in pools, terraces, pavilions, stones, flowers, wood, and many cliff carvings from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. 196 1 was included in the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Fuzhou. Under the litchi tree to the west of Guanglu Yintai, the original stone carving "Crane" is a place to commemorate Lin Zexu's release of cranes in his later years. There are also large-scale wooden buildings in the Qing Dynasty, spacious and bright Liu Jia Courtyard (now a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit), antique wooden house Ren Huang's former residence in the late Ming Dynasty, jujube ladder alley with high walls and narrow roads, and old Foting Bridge paved with stone slabs in the Ming Dynasty, all of which retain the architectural characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Because the original house next to Guanglufang is relatively old, the whole overhaul work is being carried out in this area, which is expected to be completed before the National Day of 20 10.
Yangqiao Lane
Yangqiao Lane is the northernmost lane among the seven lanes. Yangqiao Lane was called Deng Junfang in ancient times, but it was renamed because it could meet yangqiao in the west. During the Republic of China, due to the needs of urban construction, it was expanded into a road, so it was later renamed "Yangqiao Road". Lin Mansion at the intersection of Yangqiao Road and Nanhou Street is the former residence of Lin Juemin martyrs, which was later sold to the writer Bing Xin's grandfather Xie Shuan. Bing Xin lived here when she was a child. In my hometown, there is also a vivid description of his former residence. After the driveway was expanded into a road, a considerable part of the former residence of Bing Xin, a martyr and female writer in Lin Juemin (see the entry "Former Residence of Bing Xin in Fuzhou") was preserved.
There is a "double throw bridge" in Yangqiao Lane (South), which is small in scale but full of legend. First, the river channel where the bridge is located is the place where the East and West meet, and the inland river wonder of "Wan Li is surging, echoing every call" is most vividly felt here. Second, a pair of banyan trees facing each other on both sides of Shuangshuai Bridge, their branches and leaves tied together in the air and embraced in the shade, so there is a sad story that young men and women died for love, which has been circulating for a long time, so that later generations can't tell whether love came first, the tree came first, the bridge came first, or vice versa. Recently, some overseas writers compared it with the swan song of Romeo and Juliet, which added a bit of sadness. However, due to the river channel reconstruction and urban construction, the double throw bridge has gradually changed from a "bridge" on the street to a "pavilion" and has become a place where passers-by stop to enjoy tea.
Langguan lane
Langguan Lane is in the south of Yangqiao Lane, in the east of Nanhou Street, and the eastern end of the Lane leads to Dongjiekou Scenic Resort Scenic Area on Bayi 7 North Road in Fuzhou. Langguan Lane was also a port in the Song Dynasty. According to the Archaeology of Rongcheng in Qing Dynasty, Liu Tao once lived here in Song Dynasty, and all his descendants were Langguan, hence the name. Chen Lie, a poet of the Song Dynasty, was originally from Changle, and also lived in Langguan Lane when he moved to Fuzhou. The former residence of Yan Fu, a modern enlightenment thinker and translator in China, is also located in the alley. There is a memorial archway at the western end of Langguan Lane, and there is a couplet on the column: "The translation is brilliant, and it is still spread in Yanfu House today; The door is at its peak, and later generations trace back to Liu Taoju. "
Taxiang
Tower Lane is located in the south of Langguan Lane, with downtown Bayiqi North Road in the east and Nanhou Street in the west. According to "Rongcheng Archaeology", "The old name was changed, and Chen Su, the magistrate of the Song Dynasty, changed to Wen Xing, and later changed to Wen Xing. Today we are called Tower Lane, which is the Wangta Courtyard built here when we were in Fujian. " Located in the north of the lane, this tower is guarded by the tower courtyard and is regarded as a symbol of Fuzhou's prosperity. In the ninth year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 182), the pagoda was still there, and it has not been recorded since. In the Qing Dynasty, a small tower was built in the alley as a monument. In 1950s, the small tower was moved to the top of the alley mouth. Xiao Fang, the old scene of Tower Lane, was the only filial son in Ming Dynasty. There is a poem that praises him: "Three years of running water is like a gentleman, and it is a natural filial piety. Last night, the moon shone on the three mountains, but I didn't know the dew spilled on you. " This is still a beautiful conversation.
Huang Xiang
Huang Xiang is in the south of Tower Lane. Across the Nanhou Street, it is connected with the things in Yijinfang. According to records, during Jin Yongjia's reign (307-3 12), people named Huang from the Central Plains avoided chaos and settled here, hence the name. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Pu Huang, the official secretary of Chongwen, lived in seclusion here. When Huang Chao's army entered Fuzhou, he ordered the soldiers to "put out Huang Xiang's candles" at night because of the name of Huangpu, and not to disturb his home. Since then, Huang Xiang has gained great fame. . Throughout the ages, many literati lived in alleys and became gathering places for cultural celebrities and social celebrities. Qing magistrate Lin, third runner-up Lin Zhichun, governor Li Fu, couplet master, Chen Shouqi, Zhao Xin, etc. , all live in the alley. It was renamed Xinmeifang and later called Malaysian New Miri, Malaysia. There is a stone tablet of "Tang Huang Pu Ju" in the alley, which was seen in the early 1950s. Huang Xiang has a quadrangle named "Xiaohuanglou", which belongs to the cultural relics protection unit.
Anmin lane
Anmin Lane is located in the south of Huang Xiang, facing Wenru Square across the Nanhou Street. Anmin Lane was originally named "Schiller Square" and later renamed "Anmin", which was related to Huang Chao's entry into Fujian. According to Fuzhou Local Records, "Huang Chao, a peasant uprising army in the Tang Dynasty, showed his daughter in this lane, hence the name." Old Xifang was famous for its filial piety in Song Dynasty and Liu Zao, and was later renamed as "Yuan De". Historically, most people in alleys were social elites. In the Yuan Dynasty, all provinces were occupied by armor. The old house on the west side of the alley still retains the symmetrical pattern and quaint charm. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Fujian office of the New Fourth Army was located here. Now this old house is listed as a revolutionary cultural relic protection unit.
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Gongxiang Gongxiang is south of Anmin Lane, and its east and west ends are connected with 18 17 North Road and Nanhou Street respectively. According to the records in the Archaeology of Rongjing in Qing Dynasty, "The old name was Xianju, and China was named after the Purple Palace. Later, Cui and Li returned to immortals, renamed Ju Ying Da, and Ming changed to Ying Da. "
The huge house in the public lane, with exquisite structure, is amazing today with wood carving and stone carving components alone. For example, leaking windows are carved with a wisp of air, joined by tenons, and decorated with rich patterns through various elaborate arrangements of wooden latticed bones. It is often carved with wood through the bucket, inserted bucket, sub-column, moon beam and other parts. On the plinths, steps, doorframes, flower stands and columns, all kinds of exquisite and vivid stone carvings can be seen everywhere. It can be said that Fuzhou is a master of ancient architecture art.
Jipi lane
Jipi Lane, one of the three lanes and seven lanes in Fuzhou, is commonly known as "Jibi Lane". When the champion of Song and Zheng returned to his hometown, the residents in the lane quickly avoided him because of insulting him, so it was called "urgent avoidance lane". In the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "Jipi Lane" because of homophonic, which means good luck.
The famous Antailou restaurant in Fuzhou is also located at the corner of Jipi Lane.
Nanhou Street
Fuzhou has not only three "squares" and seven "alleys", but also a famous Nanhou Street.
Nanhou Street, Nanhou Street, Fuzhou, with three lanes and seven lanes, starts from Yangqiao intersection in the west and ends at Macau Bridge on Jipi Road in the south, with a total length of about 1 000m, which is the central axis of Fuzhou's "three lanes and seven lanes". It has seven lanes in the east and three lanes in the west. It was the main commercial street from Sanfang and Qixiang in Fuzhou to the Republic of China, and merchants from north and south gathered.
Here, there are all kinds of daily necessities, 36 shops (all walks of life). There are bookstores, second-hand bookstores, mounting shops, and Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival Lantern Festival. "The Liulichang outside Zhengyangmen, Nanhou Street in front of Yijin Square. I didn't see enough fun when I went to the book market. " In the poem "Juren Wang Guorui" in the late Qing Dynasty, Nanhou Street was compared to the Liulichang outside Zhengyangmen, which reflected the cultural features of Nanhou Street in the past. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanhou Street was still a prosperous market with "white walls and tiles and stone roads", and there were many pavements on both sides. During the Republic of China, the road surface was widened and changed to asphalt road.
Nanhou Street is the central axis of three lanes and seven lanes. The reconstructed Nanhou Street will be full of antique charm, and the pavement width will reach 12m, including a pedestrian street with a width of 7m in the middle and roadsides with a width of 2-2.5m on both sides. Nanhou Street starts from Yangqiao Road and ends at Jipi Road, with a total length of only 634 meters. Positioning is a leisure and cultural commercial street combining tradition and modernity.
In the history of Nanhou Street, there are many traditional craft industries in Fuzhou, such as lanterns, mounting, bookstores and so on. According to the relevant planning, Nanhou Street is positioned as a commercial street with traditional culture, and it is initially planned to restore some time-honored brands such as Mijiachuan, Juchengtang Bookstore, Lantern Festival and other century-old brands according to the operating conditions. The traditional lantern festival that citizens like is also initially planned to be held regularly every year. In addition, relevant departments also plan to invite Fuzhou traditional arts and crafts masters such as Shoushan stone carving, bodiless lacquerware and cork painting to set up arts and crafts master exhibition shops in Nanhou Street to increase the traditional business atmosphere.
Now, there are "new faces" such as bar coffee and top luxury goods in Nanhou Street's business format planning. The appearance of these new faces will inject modern factors into the traditional Nanhou Street.
The protective restoration project along the street in Nanhou Street was completed on June 5438+ 10, 2009, and now the street has been opened, reappearing its historical features of "the glazed factory outside Zhengyangmen and the Nanhou Street in front of Yijinfang".
[Edit this paragraph] Architectural features
Traditionally, we always say three lanes first, then seven lanes. In fact, from the analysis of building location, there should be seven lanes before three lanes. The ancestors of the Tang Dynasty first built a group of neatly arranged "new villages" along the central axis of the city-South Street. Then it crossed a Nanhou Street, developed westward, built a group of alleys, and became a non-zigzag block with the south back street as the central axis. After thousands of years of wind and rain changes, most of them decided the name of Xiaxiang in the Song Dynasty, and today's architectural pattern was formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which became the landmark building of Fuzhou's historical and cultural city.
Judging from the treatment of architectural space, the main hall of the three lanes and seven lanes on the central axis is obviously higher, larger and wider than the hall in the north, forming a vivid and changeable spatial pattern with other corridors and pavilions. The hall is generally open and integrated with the patio. In particular, in order to make the hall look tall, spacious and open, efforts are generally made in the treatment of the porch. The purlin of the eaves, or a purlin of the auxiliary eaves, is specially made of thick and long high-quality hardwood, and the column is lowered to make the hall without any obstacles, which is rare in northern buildings and other southern buildings. For example, the sedan chair in the former residence of Gongxianglin and the stage in the temple are all handled in this way. This is one of the important features of ancient buildings in Fuzhou.
In addition to the unique layout and structure, the three lanes and seven lanes have their own characteristics in wall, sculpture and facade.
Saddle wall
The houses in Sanfangqixiang followed the tradition of building walls in stages in the late Tang Dynasty, and all of them had tall and thick brick or earth walls. The wall is streamlined with the ups and downs of the wooden frame, and the upturned angle extends out of the house, shaped like a saddle, commonly known as the saddle wall. The wall is only for the periphery, and the bearing function lies entirely in the column. Most buildings in the south of the Yangtze River are stepped gables formed by a straight line at an angle of 90 degrees. There are not many buildings in Fuzhou, including northern Fujian, southern Fujian and eastern Fujian, but the saddle wall of Fuzhou Sanfangqixiang residential houses is curved. Generally, the two sides are symmetrical, and the walls and corners are painted with mud, forming a unique wall style of Fuzhou ancient dwellings.
carving
The most distinctive feature of the three lanes and seven alleys in architectural decoration is the carving of door and window fans. The beams and columns of ordinary residents are mostly unadorned and simple, but they take great pains to carve doors and windows. Its exquisite windows and exquisite wood carvings are beyond the reach of residents from other provinces. There are many kinds of window decorations, such as mortise and tenon leakage and pure wood carving window sash, which are used alternately. It can be said that it is a master of Jiangnan art. In terms of mortise and tenon patterns, craftsmen have carefully arranged different decorative effects, including straight lines, curved lines and mixed lines-straight lines are dense, curved lines are dynamic, and mixed lines are diverse, each with its own auspicious meaning. There are carvings and reliefs in the wood carving window sash, and the themes are birds and beasts, figures and flowers. The whole sash is carved symmetrically and asymmetrically. For example, the Ming Dynasty ancient house in Wenru Square is especially prosperous, and more complicated vase patterns are carved on the door and window partition of the second wing, which symbolizes the safety of living. On the polyester ring board, there are bas-relief flowers. These flower window carvings carved with tenons or hollow wood fully show the superb skills of Fujian folk craftsmen.
Building door
There are four ways to deal with three-lane and seven-lane building doors. One is a rectangular gate with a stone frame in the center of the front courtyard wall, and the other is a cornice signboard with saddle walls extending on both sides. The saddle walls sandwich two sloping roofs to form larger buildings, such as Shen Baozhen's former residence, Chen's former residence and Lin's former residence.
[Edit this paragraph] "Declaration of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys"
The Declaration of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys was adopted at the "International Symposium on the Protection and Reconstruction of Old Cities-Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" held in Fuzhou on July 20th, 2009. The Declaration puts forward the following ideas and action initiatives on the protection of urban cultural heritage: each city has its own unique historical and cultural genes, and cities should cherish their own cultural heritage in the process of development. It not only belongs to a city, but also is the common wealth of all mankind, and every city has the responsibility and obligation to protect it.
From cultural relics protection to cultural heritage protection, it is the progress of social development. The protection of urban cultural heritage should pay attention to the protection of both material and intangible cultural heritage. We should attach importance to the emotional connection between people and culture's heritages, establish positive, reasonable and effective ways, and make the cultural heritage concerned and shared by the people, so that the cultural heritage can truly provide inexhaustible motive force for social development.
The influence of cultural heritage on economy and society is subtle, profound and long-term, and it is irreparable spiritual capital, cultural capital, economic capital and social capital. The loss of cultural heritage is irreparable. Cities should cherish their cultural heritage in the process of development. Every city has its own "Forbidden City" that should be protected.
[Edit this paragraph] Theme Pavilion
The proposed address of the museum to display the cultural value of the three halls and seven lanes has been basically determined, and eight museums and three exhibition areas will be opened:
1. The Museum of Historical Figures in Santing and Qixiang is planned to be located in the Liu Family Courtyard. The reason is that Liu Jia Courtyard is the pioneer of leading urban public utilities in Fuzhou and even the whole country, and it is close to Guanglufang, the "living room" with three lanes and seven lanes.
2. Fuzhou Contemporary Art Center, located in the former residence of Lan Jianshu. The reason is that it is close to Guanglufang Park, which is very conducive to promoting the flow of people, improving visibility and facilitating visits. 3. The Contemporary Lacquer Art Museum is planned to be located in the former residence of Nanhou Street Zhongye. The reason is that it is a transit platform for Fuzhou century-old shop to graft old business and modern life. 4. Fuzhou Folk Exhibition Art Center is planned to be located in Guo Baiyin's former residence. 5. Theatre and Opera Performing Arts Center is planned to be located on the waterside stage. 6. The Tea Culture World Art Museum and the State Guest Reception Center are planned to be located in Lin's former residence. 7. Ming and Qing Furniture Folk Museum, to be located in Meier Bookstore. 8. The couplets museum is planned to be located in Liang Zhangju's former residence (Liang Zhangju is the originator of Fuzhou sage couplets). The three exhibition areas to be opened are: "a special exhibition area", that is, the exhibition area from Langguan Lane to Huang Xiang Lane in the "Seven Alleys", which mainly shows the blood relationship between Fujian and Taiwan; The "First Comprehensive Exhibition Area" is the exhibition area from Jibei Road, which mainly displays forest values, ship administration culture and other cultures. The "second comprehensive exhibition area", that is, the exhibition area formed by the organic combination of various exhibition points in the "Three Pavilions", mainly displays the relevant culture of literati. In addition, the three lanes and seven lanes will build different functional areas with the help of the structure of "one water, one node, two streets and two districts". Among them, "Yishui" is the waterfront leisure customs area along the Antai River. "One node" planning takes Guanglu Yintai of Guanglu Square as the south node of three lanes and seven lanes. "Two Streets" is the traditional characteristic commercial belt of Nanhou Street, and it is also the commercial renewal and development belt of South Street. The planning of the "two districts" is a tourism exhibition area with Langguan Lane, Tower Lane and Shuixie Stage as the focus, combined with the north entrance. Gongxiang-Anmin Lane has a large number of cultural relics protection units and historical protection buildings, which will be used as a museum building concentration area; The north and south sides of Wenru Square are club areas, which are mainly creative and leisure.
[Edit this paragraph] Think of celebrities.
Important historical events after modern times, such as Humen Opium War, Westernization Movement, Reform Movement of 1898, May 4th Movement, December 9th Movement, Lugouqiao Incident, etc. , are the joints of China's historical development. The characters who walked out of the three lanes and seven alleys all played the role of pushing hands of the times in these events.
Lin Zexu: "The first person who opened his eyes to see the world". Lin Zexu (1785— 1850) is an outstanding politician who opened the curtain of China's modern history and a national hero who fought against foreign aggression. He followed the trend of historical development, understood and absorbed the achievements of western civilization with a positive attitude, and made use of them, thus becoming "the first person to open his eyes to see the world and a pioneer to learn advanced technology from the West". There is Lin Zexu's ancestral hall on Macau Road next to Sanfangqixiang.
Shen Baozhen: China's "Father of Ship Administration". Shen Baozhen (1820-1879) was pushed to the front stage in the westernization movement of "enriching Qiang Bing". He was in charge of shipbuilding, training and personnel training, and worked hard to form Fujian Navy and Nanyang Navy, becoming one of the representatives of the early Westernization Movement. He was a pioneer in introducing western science and technology, and one of the founders of modern education and modern navy in China. He was down-to-earth and spared no effort to practice the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" put forward by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan.
Zeng Zongyan (1850 ——1972): "Father of the Army" in modern times. Zeng Zongyan lives in Anmin Lane. He served as the Taoist priest in the south of the Yangtze River, so that/kloc-0 wrote to Emperor Guangxu in May, 898, "It is advisable to practice the army with foreign countries." He advocated: "For today's plan, we should first try our best to train soldiers in foreign military exercises in various provinces, but we should ask for the best and not suffer the least loss." That is, to refine the army in new ways. He also proposed to "rectify the army, and the troops in all provinces should learn foreign exercises according to law, especially in the three northeastern provinces." Emperor Guangxu attached great importance to it and immediately ordered: "Under the current situation, training is the first policy, and practicing external skills is particularly important. However, it is necessary to choose a diligent training course for teaching practice and check the salary and raise the army. " Zeng Zongyan's memorial triggered the reform of the military system in the Qing court, so some people called him "the father of modern army".
Bing Xin (1900- 1999), known as "the old man of the century", was originally named Xie Wanying from Changle, Fujian, and his pen name was Bing Bing Xin. A piece of ice is in the jade pot. Modern famous poets, translators, writers and children's writers all advocate the "philosophy of love", and maternal love and childlike innocence are naturally the main themes of their works. She loves children very much and regards them as "the most sacred person", which is deeply admired by the people. Her works are full of love for nature and praise for maternal love and innocence. There is her former residence at the junction of Nanhou Street and Yangqiao Lane. In her famous essay My Hometown, she left a sincere description of her former residence: "I remember when I was 1 1 year old (19 1 1 year old), when I returned to Fuzhou from Yantai, Shandong, our family lived in'. This address is still very familiar and kind to me now, because since I learned to write, my parents have been urging me to write to my grandfather, and I have to write the envelope myself. This house is very big. There are four people in our big family. Grandpa and we live in this room on both sides of the hall. There are six people living in the front and back rooms. Grandpa is the only one in the front and back room, and there are shelves full of books. It became my paradise ... "
Xu Lin (1875 ——1893): one of the "Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days". Teenagers are talented and unique, and they are TEDA wizards. He followed Kang Youwei to participate in the reform and political reform, which lasted for one hundred days. He was killed by the stubborn old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, and he was only 24 years old. His name will go down in history forever.
Lin Changmin (1876— 1925): the initiator of the may 4th movement. 1965438+On May 2, 2009, the article "Foreign Traffic Police Report Nationals" appeared in Beijing Morning Post and State Gazette. Lin Changmin, the author, lamented: "If Lu dies, the country will not become a country. I hope 40,000 people will swear to death. " Words are sincere and painful. It's because of the Paris Peace Conference in 19 18. At that time, just after the First World War, Foreign Minister Lu Zhengxiang was sent to the Paris Peace Conference, and President Xu Shichang set up a special foreign affairs committee, and hired Lin Changmin as the director and affairs director of the committee. Japan and Britain and France secretly agreed that after the war, Japan would inherit all the acquired aggression rights of Germany in Shandong; And agree with Cao Rulin's opinion, the Japanese funded the construction of "Jishun" and "Xugao" two railways, in order to further control China. Lin Changmin was furious when he learned of this incident, and decided to expose this diplomatic shady and traitorous behavior to the people of China, so he published an article in 1965438 on May 2, 2009, and President Cai Yuanpei informed the students of Peking University and Beijing universities. A stone stirs up a thousand waves.1919 On the afternoon of May 4th, more than 3,000 patriotic students from Beijing 12 schools held impassioned demonstrations, and the May 4th Movement broke out.
Chen (1913-1987): organizer of the "December 9th" movement. 1935, 1935 On February 9th, thousands of students in Beiping held a demonstration to resist Japan and save the nation. According to historical records, this was "the first large-scale student movement led by China * * * Production Party", which later spread all over the country. Chen, a 22-year-old student from yenching university, Beiping, took part in organizing a parade. The night before the parade, it was he who hid most of the students participating in the parade in Diaoyutai. On the eve of the "December 9th Movement", he did a lot of ideological mobilization work as a student union cadre, effectively organized revolutionary students in yenching university and became the backbone of the "December 9th Movement".
Wang Lengzhai (1891-1960): the witness of the July 7th Incident. Wang Lengzhai lives in Huang Xiang, Fuzhou. 1During the Lugouqiao Incident on July 7, 937, he served as the inspector of the third administrative region of Hebei Province and the order of Wanping County. Before the Japanese attacked the ancient city of Wanping, he moved the masses and avoided more casualties. During the incident, Wang Lengzhai mobilized the police in the city to actively cooperate with the garrison, resolutely counterattacked the enemy and saved the city. He also held a special press conference to explain to the public the Japanese initiative to attack Lugou Bridge. After the Lugouqiao Incident, the Japanese army began to invade China in an all-round way, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Lengzhai, as an important witness of the July 7th Incident, attended the trial of Japanese war criminals and was called "the trump card witness of the Far East International Military Tribunal".
Yan Fu (1854.1.8—1921.10.27), formerly known as Zi Ling, later renamed Fu, Han nationality, Fujian official. He was an influential bourgeois enlightenment thinker, translator and educator in the late Qing Dynasty and a modern China.
Yan fu
Yan Fu was born in a doctor's family. 1866, Yan Fu was admitted to his hometown Fuzhou Ship Administration School to study English and modern natural science, and graduated with honors five years later. From 1877 to 1879, Yan Fu and others were sent to study in Britain, first at Portsmouth University and then at Greenwich Naval Academy. Yan Fu became interested in British social politics during his study abroad, dabbled in a large number of bourgeois political academic theories, and especially appreciated Darwin's view of evolution.
[Edit this paragraph] Traditional snacks
Special Cuisine of Yan Rou Old Shop in Tongli: Three Sides and Seven Alleys;
Niuhuahong early drunk spicy chicken, chicken loose fish lips, litchi meat, Taiping Yan, Buddha jumping wall, white fried fresh sole, chicken soup, braised sea crab, Luxiang eel, yipin egg crab, spring rolls, onion patties, light cakes, shrimp patties, oyster sauce cakes, seven-star fish balls, swallow skin (shredded) and taro.
It is carved by hollowing out, connected by tenons and carved with rich patterns. Exquisite stone pillars, steps, doorframes, flower stands and columns can be seen everywhere, which embodies the residential skills and characteristics of Fuzhou ancient city and is praised as a large-scale "Museum of Ancient Buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties" by the architectural community.
The houses in Sanfangqixiang followed the tradition of building walls in stages in the late Tang Dynasty, and all of them had tall and thick brick or earth walls. Wooden wall