Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that can carry out photosynthesis. They usually grow in water or soil and use light energy to synthesize organic matter through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria have a simple cell structure and no eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, but they have a green pigment called chlorophyll a, which can absorb and utilize light energy and convert carbon dioxide and water into nutrients such as oxygen and glucose.

Therefore, cyanobacteria is an autotrophic organism, which can use light energy for photosynthesis and provide energy and nutrients for itself. Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in nature. Cyanobacteria can be divided into several different genera and species according to their cell morphology and genetic characteristics. Among them, the most common are chromococcus and Nostoc commune.

Chromococcal cells are blue or green and can grow in water or soil. It is a common cyanobacteria. Nostoc commune is a filamentous cyanobacteria, and its cells are arranged in beads, usually growing in water. It is a special kind of cyanobacteria. In addition, cyanobacteria can also use resources in various environments to obtain energy and nutrients, such as synthesizing organic matter in water, improving water quality and promoting the stability of aquatic ecosystem.

The reason why cyanobacteria can carry out photosynthesis;

1, cell structure

The cell structure of cyanobacteria is primitive and simple, the outer layer is cell membrane and cytoplasm, and the inner layer is cell wall. They have no complex organelles such as chloroplasts or mitochondria, but they have a green pigment called "chlorophyll a", which is widely found in their cell membranes. Chlorophyll A can absorb sunlight and convert it into chemical energy to provide energy for cyanobacteria.

2. Photosynthetic mechanism

The photosynthetic mechanism of cyanobacteria is similar to that of plants, but it has its own uniqueness. In the process of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria use chlorophyll a to absorb the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic matter (such as glucose) and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis, which is an important way for cyanobacteria to convert energy and produce oxygen.

3. Energy

Cyanobacteria gain energy through photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, they use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, which will generate chemical energy to provide energy for cyanobacteria. Therefore, photosynthesis of cyanobacteria is the basis of their survival and reproduction.

4. Carbon fixation mechanism

Cyanobacteria also convert carbon dioxide into organic matter through a carbon fixation mechanism called calvin cycle. In calvin cycle, cyanobacteria use energy to drive carbon dioxide to be reduced to organic matter, which can convert carbon dioxide into glucose and store it for later use.