Yi Rong violates Qi Rulu, freezing in the cold, and the back door is ②. When I lived outside with my disciples, the colder it was, he said to his disciples, "I live by clothes, I live by clothes, and I live by children." My country cherishes death for the world, my son is corrupt and I lack love. " My son and my son's clothes. "Disciple said," My husband is not worthy of others. He is evil enough to wear the clothes of a national scholar. "
Yi Rong sighed and said, "Wow! This is not good for you! "Disciple undressed and died in the middle of the night. Disciple is alive. -quoted from "Lv Chunqiu".
To annotate ...
① Violating Qi Rulu: Leaving Qi for Lu.
② Back door: The city gate has been closed.
3 Shi Guo: outstanding national talents.
4 unscrupulous: immortal.
⑤ evil: equivalent to "he".
6. This is a bad thing: the truth may not work.
⑦ and: same as "give", give.
⑧ Sui: Then, then.
Howl: modal particle
translate
(Person's Name) Leave Qi for Lu, it is very cold, and arrive after the city gate is closed. Living in the wild with an apprentice is even colder. (He) said to his disciples, "If you give me clothes, I can live; I'll give you clothes and you can live. I am a famous bachelor in the country and don't want to die for my country. You are an insignificant person, and you are not worth cherishing. Give me your clothes. " Disciple said, "Since I am a villain, how can I dress up a famous bachelor in China?"
Yi Rong sighed, "alas! Morality probably won't work! " He took off his clothes and gave them to his disciples. He died at midnight. His disciple saved his life.
2. Yi Rong's clothes turned against Rulu's, freezing the back door. It is even colder to stay outside with a disciple. 1. Use quotation marks to explain the following words: (1) It's freezing, and the back door-I (2) don't love enough-cherish (3) being with a disciple. Why? Answer: If I were a believer in this article, I would take off Yi Rong's clothes. First of all, I will respect teachers. Second, I will save talents for the country. 3. After reading the following materials, contact the above to talk about my feelings. (This is written by comparison. I wrote it myself from both utilitarian and moral aspects. ) Attached to the original translation: (name) From Qitoulu, it was very cold and arrived after the city gate was closed. If I give you clothes, you can live. I am a famous bachelor in China, and I will not die for my country. You are a nobody, so you are not worth cherishing. Please give me your clothes. "The disciple said," Since I am a nobody, how can I give my clothes to a famous bachelor in China? "Yi Rong sighed," alas! Morality probably won't work! "He took off his clothes and gave them to his disciples, and died in the middle of the night. His disciples saved their lives. If Yi Rong is sure to conquer the world, we will never know. As for the idea that (Yi Rong) wants others to benefit, no one can surpass him.
3. Read the following classical Chinese and complete Question 9. C 10。 D 1 1。 A 12。 (1) (5 points) Xie Wan has been working in the same yamen with Guo and has a friendly relationship, so she was slandered by Zong Chuke because she was demoted to Cangzhou Secretariat.
(1 minute "element", "goodness", "destruction" and "reason", 1 sentence meaning. (2)(5 points) Xie Wan said that Tubo must have hidden a conspiracy of rebellion, and requested to send (send) 100,000 soldiers to Qin, Wei and other countries for strict prevention.
(Huai, Ji, Jin and Fang each have 1 min, meaning 1 min. ) analysis 9. Analysis of test questions: It can be broken by combining the text features such as "filial piety", "sincere sorrow" and "glory of the right to speak", as well as symbolic words such as "enough" and "return".
Test center: understand the sentence patterns and usage different from modern Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
10. Textual research: D "Shi Zhi" is not the abbreviation of "Guan", nor is it "an official took office", but "an ancient official resigned to his hometown". Test center: understand the common sense of ancient culture.
The ability level is to understand B. 1 1. Test analysis: a "his request has never been allowed" is wrong.
According to the original words such as "Let him ask", "Let him go to his post after serving" and "Visit Zhao Jia Jinguanglu and listen to his wishes", it can be seen that the emperor promised Xie Wan's resignation. The way to solve this kind of problem is: first, grasp the stem of the question and read it all correctly.
When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it. The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view.
Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately. Then put the options back to the original text and check whether they are right or wrong.
Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text. For specious, we should have the consciousness of explaining the text by using the topic.
Test center: summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning. The ability level is analytical synthesis C.
12. Test analysis: When translating such topics, we should first find out the key words or sentence patterns to be translated, usually literal translation, except for some figurative words, and then translate them as a whole. According to the norms of modern Chinese, the words can reach the sentence order. When translating classical Chinese, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) Learn grammar analysis and reasoning.
Organize the trunk, divide the components and realize the grammatical function. Sorting out the sentence trunk can help us to sort out the sentence components, so as to judge the part-of-speech phenomenon, flexibly use the part-of-speech and special sentence patterns, and achieve the purpose of accurate translation.
(2) Inferring the meaning of words and sentences. In modern Chinese, the meanings of many monosyllabic notional words are expressed by a disyllabic word.
In the process of changing from monosyllabic to disyllabic, synonym merging or antonym merging or antonym juxtaposition are the characteristics of word formation. Based on this, we can guess the meaning of difficult words through word combinations.
(3) Inference of similar language structures. Ancient Chinese pays attention to the neat antithesis of language.
There are many whole sentences in classical Chinese, and parallelism sentences are also very common. In similar language structures, words in corresponding positions often have the same, similar and relative characteristics, and one can infer the other.
(4) Context analysis and reasoning. Translation should not only be related to the language environment of the sentence itself, but also to the overall context of the whole paragraph and article.
Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text. The ability level is understanding B Attachment: Classical Chinese Reference Translation Xie Wan, an adult in Weizhou.
When he was young, he was admitted to the company and was appointed as the official of the New Deal, and was appointed as Chengdu Cheng many times. Because his performance conformed to the emperor's will, he was promoted to suggestion and left a job for his parents.
Wu Zetian familiarized Xie Wan with border affairs, and asked him to stay in office before the mourning period expired, and asked him to go to the western regions to appease Louis. Xie Wan bluntly told him to politely decline. Wu Zetian praised him greatly and wrote a letter saying: "Xie Wanchun is filial and mourns his sincerity. She firmly insists that she politely refuses to temporarily deprive her family of honor and grace. Please observe the etiquette when the mourning period expires.
It is enough to inspire customs and urge the promotion of etiquette, which should be in line with his aristocratic feelings and allow his request to go to work after mourning. "In the early years of the holy calendar, Xie Wan was promoted to the position of minister of suggestion, and served as an envoy to appease Uzile and ten tribes. Everyone thinks it is convenient and suitable, and barbarians are very happy. Xie Wan was promoted to be an imperial adviser and a guardian of the Northern Court, and held festivals to appease the Western Regions.
Xie Wan has always been in the same room with Guo and has a friendly relationship, so she was slandered by Zongchuke because she was demoted to Cangzhou Secretariat. Xie Wan's administrative ability won the hearts of the people.
Between Jing and the Year of the Loong, Xie Wan was promoted to the right empire and the general manager of the North March. Xie Wan was in the army for more than twenty years, and learned a lot from farming and fighting. The border is very calm.
In the second year of Jingyun, Xie Wan was appointed as the general manager of the Northern Army. Xie Wan appointed important military officials He Guanzong, ChristianRandPhillips and Pu Anchuzhong to inspect the conscription situation in the three cities, so he cut 100,000 people and stopped conscription.
Soon, he was appointed General Xie, who also inspected the secretariat of Jinzhou, and was awarded the title of Duke of Jinan. He asked for retirement because of his advanced age. After the above performance, he left the office without waiting for an answer
The emperor awarded Dr. Jin Guanglu a letter, respecting his wishes, and all salaries were paid according to his original position. Then he presented an imperial edict to comfort him and said, "Only by being upright can you achieve lofty goals, show your integrity and loyalty, and stick to the right path is enough to accomplish things."
Like the mission of Zhang Qian, like the peace of Jiang Wei. As a civil and military official, he has contributed to all parties and worked for the court, and is called the old man of the country.
Recently, considering his age, he was willing to retire, deeply sympathized with Ma Yuan's talent, and failed to comply with the requirements of 7-up. However, Zhang Shu frequently showed kindness, and the aristocratic feelings were hard to change.
Now that we know that Qing has left his hometown, it will certainly inspire decadent customs and set an example for the people and officials. It is commendable that you can be consistent.
You should keep healthy, which will help you live longer. "Soon, Tubo invaded the frontier, and was called into Xie Wan as the third left riding servant, and ordered Tubo to demarcate and buy ten households.
Xie Wan said that Tubo must be a hidden conspiracy, and requested to send (send) 100,000 soldiers to Qin, Wei and other countries to take strict precautions. This winter, Tubo really invaded and was finally repelled by troops sent in advance.
Soon, Xie Wan asked for abdication again, but the emperor did not allow him to be the guest of honor of the prince. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan, he served as the secretariat of Tongzhou.
The following year, he died at the age of 80.
4. Wan Li to Rongji, Guanshan if flying across. Wan Li to Rongji, Guanshan if flying across-to the border, marching thousands of miles to fight, in the busy military affairs. Time flies (during the dusty campaign), and we have crossed many obstacles and crossed Qian Shan. Rongji: The military is busy. Wan Li went to Rongji: marching thousands of miles to fight. Climb over the eaves and climb the wall: Time flies when you cross many passes and Qian Shan. This sentence can't be understood literally, but should be understood in context. Jin Duo's voice is still heard from time to time in the cold of the north, and the cold light of the sword still reflects her armor. In a blink of an eye, (Mulan) has been through many battles, growing from a soldier to a general, and
5. Reading classical Chinese: Jiang Zhan, whose name is Huiyuan, is from Kaocheng, Jiyang, Yizhiye, and a thorn in Xiangzhou history (1)C sentence translation: Jiang Zhan was not informed to attend. Life: notice, invitation. (2) B 2 shows Jiang Zhan's honesty; ③ Show the justice of Jiang Zhan; 6 show Jiang Zhan's unyielding. So rule out the mistake of choosing B, (3)D "So stand up". In the original text, "Zhan went straight into the province, heard the noise, but hid in the hut." He didn't stand up, but hid in the hut. Wash clothes, wash clothes; After a day, a day. Once summoned by the emperor, he was washing clothes, so he had to ask for a sick leave for one day, and then called when the clothes were dry. Ears, that's all. The Northern Expedition was originally my idea, but Jiang Zhan just didn't object. Answer: (1)C (2)B (3)D (4)① once summoned by the emperor, he was caught washing clothes, so he had to ask for a day off, and he was summoned when the clothes were dry. (2) the northern expedition was originally my idea, but Jiang Zhan just didn't object. He is the son of Jiang Yi, the secretariat of Xiangzhou. He was famous for his filial piety during his funeral. He likes writing, playing chess and piano, and knows arithmetic. At first, he was Zuo Lang, and later he was promoted to join the army as Situ Hang, king of Pengcheng. Liu Yixuan, the king of Nanqiao, was the manager of Liu Yikang Stuart and the mistress of the prince. Stan Daoji asked his son to marry Jiang Zhan's sister, but Liu Yikang did it. He wouldn't listen. What people valued at that time was his ambition. Liu Yikang wants to invite him to get along. Jiang Zhan insisted on serving as a foreign official, so he was appointed as the internal history of Wuling. After returning to Beijing, he was appointed as the son of the Prince and Shangshu. With the birth of Liu Wang, he was appointed as the secretariat of South Xuzhou, appointed Jiang Zhan as the satrap of South East China Sea, and entrusted him with political affairs. In the twenty-fifth year of Yuanjia (448), it was called. I was promoted to General Zuo Wei. At that time, the official position of the school was changed, and Liu, king of Jiangxia, was appointed as a national son to offer wine. In twenty-seven years, I was transferred to the official department. His family is poor and simple, but he doesn't want to make money. He often gives many gifts. He won't accept any of them. He doesn't have two sets of clothes and extra food at home. He was summoned by the emperor and found washing clothes. One day his clothes were dry and he had to get them. Once, the cow was hungry. After a while, Jiang Zhancai said, "Give the cows water." When he was appointed Minister of Rites, many people laughed at him for being too harsh, but he was impartial and did not accept people's help, so his critics praised him. At first, the emperor launched a large-scale northern expedition, and Manchu officials expressed opposition. Only Jiang Zhan agrees with him. When Rousseau invaded Guabu, Liu Zunkao, the leading general, led the army to the Yangtze River, and the court ordered Jiang Zunkao. Give him everything. Lu in the north sent messengers to propose marriage, and the emperor called all the following ministers together to discuss. Everyone said they were going to get married, but Jiang Zhan said, "It's no use letting brother break his word." Liu Shaosheng was furious and said to Jiang Zhan, "Now that the three kings are in trouble, how can they irresponsibly insist on their different opinions?" The expression is very strict. After the meeting, everyone went out, and Liu Shao ordered guards and guards. Almost pushed to the ground. Liu Shao said to the emperor, "The Northern Expedition suffered a great defeat and lost face. Several states fell into enemy hands. Only by killing Jiang Zhan can we apologize to everyone in the world. " The emperor said, "The Northern Expedition was my idea, but Jiang Zhan just didn't object." After that, Liu Shao held a banquet without informing Jiang Zhan. He often said to the emperor, "Jiang Zhan is a yes-man, so it is not appropriate to make peace." I want them to reconcile. The emperor is about to abolish Liu Shao, change the crown prince, and order Jiang Zhan to draft the imperial edict. When Liu Shao entered the palace to kill the emperor, Jiang Zhan was on the night shift in Shangshu Province. When he heard the shouts, he hid in a small room nearby. Liu Shao sent someone to look for him, and the official coaxed him into saying, "It's not here. "The soldier killed the officer at that time, so he caught Jiang Zhan. Jiang Zhan was killed by a window and his spirit was unyielding.
6. (2) Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following small questions: 15. A 16。 A 17。 B 18。 (1) in court, the monarch has something to ask him (or "the monarch talked about him"), he just stated his opinion; When the monarch doesn't ask him questions (or "the monarch doesn't talk about him"), he acts confidently.
Although I can't say benevolence, I saved you from trouble. Why do you want to break up so soon? Test analysis: 15. This question examines the use of notional words in classical Chinese. The "heavy" in item A should be interpreted as "overlapping and repeating" and extended to "multiple times".
(weight: the clock is heavy, as opposed to "light". The Analects of Confucius: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement."
And stressed. "Wuzhu": "Children and grandchildren have opened for generations, so they value it."
2 important; It means a lot. Preface to Biography of Seventy-two Martyrs in Huanghuagang: "The responsibility given to this trip 30 years ago is particularly heavy."
It plays an important role. Tomb inscription of five people: "A person's existence is more important than the country."
3 attach importance to it; Value. Pipa trip: whoever moves money first doesn't care how he leaves her.
4 expensive. On Qin: "I don't like to cherish the rich land."
⑤ serious. Miscellaneous notes in prison: "Those who feel guilty come out."
⑥ Strict. "The Original Extinction": "The ancient gentleman is also for himself."
All landowners solemn. "The Analects of Confucius Learning": "A gentleman is not strong if he is not heavy, and learning is not solid."
8 respect. "On Qin": "These four kings are wise and trustworthy, generous and kind, and respect the virtuous and value the scholars."
Pet-name ruby more; Intensify. Biography of Su Wu: "Death at the sight of sin is also a disgrace to the country."
Chóng① overlap. "Three Gorges": "The mountains and rocks overlap, covering the sky and the sun."
② layer. "The hut was blown by the autumn wind": "Roll up my three hairs."
③ Reentry; Here we go again. Pipa Tour: Call for more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
4 drag; Be implicated. "Han Jing Yan Wu Biography": "Is it serious or not?"
) the location of the test center understands the meaning and usage of common notional words in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
In recent years, it has become more difficult to assess the skills to point to the topic of real words. Generally, the content words of 120 specified in the syllabus are deliberately avoided, and there are some phenomena in classical Chinese, such as interchangeable words, different meanings in ancient and modern times, flexible use of parts of speech and so on. The methods of answering questions include structural analysis, grammatical analysis, pictographic discrimination, grammar application, textbook application and so on. But these methods all need some knowledge of classical Chinese. The best way is to substitute the given meaning into the original text and see if the meaning is smooth to determine whether the answer is correct or not.
16. This question examines the use of function words in classical Chinese. Items A are all prepositions "zai".
The former is the pronoun "he" and the latter is the structural auxiliary word "de". The former item c is a conjunction, indicating a turning point and translated as "que"; The latter is a conjunction, between adverbial and predicate, indicating a modified relationship and not being translated.
The former item D is the demonstrative pronoun "Na" and the latter item is a pronoun, which means that it is translated as "He". Know the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.
The ability level is to understand B. Skill guidance focuses on the meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese, 18 commonly used function words; In the context, combine the analysis of grammar and logic to dredge the meaning of the text; The difficulty lies in understanding the usage of words (that is, part of speech).
Methods In application, we should first distinguish between reality and emptiness. For example, "why, why, if and why" can be both content words and function words.
Secondly, identify the part of speech. A function word has many uses, for example, "Yan" can be used as pronoun, adverb and auxiliary word.
Again, compare ancient and modern. Some survived, some changed their usage, and some disappeared completely.
Finally, pay attention to special function words. Part-time words are used with function words, such as "why" and "which and which".
17. Be sure to read carefully when answering such questions. If you want to go back to the original text and compare sentence by sentence, you must be calm when reading. According to the meaning of the text, try to distinguish the right and wrong of each option.
Special attention should be paid to the minor faults, such as the inversion of events, incomplete content induction, central generalization fiction, one-sided omission, forced pull and hard connection, arbitrary elevation and so on. After Yan Zi redeemed Yue Shi's father, he went into the back room without saying goodbye to Yue Shi's father and never came out for a long time.
The more Si Tong's father asked to break up with Yan Zi. Yan Zi humbly accepted Yue's father's criticism and corrected his mistake, Corporal Li Xian.
In item B, "thank you" which should be interpreted as "leaving" is interpreted as "thanking". The location of the test center summarizes the main points of the content and the central meaning.
The ability level is analysis and synthesis. C. The topic of error-prone early warning is to summarize the content of the article.
The methods to solve this kind of problem are as follows: ① Grasp the stem of the problem and read correctly. When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it.
The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view. Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately.
(2) put back the original and check whether it is right or wrong. Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text.
For example, item B of this question-"Stone Dad doesn't thank you", candidates should find the relevant content in the text, and then compare it with the options, and they can find that the expression is wrong. 18. This question examines the ability to understand and translate sentences.
This topic should master the translation of the following key words: the first sentence: "Zhi" is interpreted as "He", and the score is1; "Danger" is defined as "correct" and expanded to "complete" with a score of1; The general idea of the whole sentence is1; The second sentence: although, although, 1 minute; If the child is exempted, the preposition object structure is put behind, and the word order should be adjusted to interpret it as "to save you from the predicament" or "to help you out of the predicament", which means right, 1 minute; , this, so, 1 min; The general idea of the whole sentence is 1. The test center locates, understands and translates the sentences in the text.
The ability level is to understand B. Skills To solve this problem, we must first find proper nouns, that is, names, places, official positions, etc. Then see if there are any special sentence patterns, and finally determine the key words for translation, usually literal translation.
The basic translation methods of classical Chinese are substitution, word formation, reservation and ellipsis. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times should be "replaced"; Words with roughly the same meaning in ancient and modern times are grouped; Used for special place names, names, etc.
7. Translation and implication of Yi Rong's undressing ancient prose: clothes and clothes are against Rulu, and it's cold in the back door. I live in the suburbs with my disciples, and the weather is getting colder and colder. I said to my disciples: I live with my clothes; I live with my clothes and children. Chinese scholars also cherish death for the world. Children are not worth loving. My son and my son's clothes. "My husband is a loser. He hates the clothes of a nation." "Yi Rong sighed and said," wow! This is not good. "Take off your clothes and your disciples and die in the middle of the night. Disciple is alive.
Yi Rong left Qi for Lu. It was cold, but he didn't arrive until the city gate was closed. Living in the wild with an apprentice is even colder. (He) said to his disciples, "If you give me clothes, I can live; I give you clothes, and you can live. I am a famous bachelor in the country and don't want to die for my country. You are an insignificant person, and you are not worth cherishing. Please give me your clothes. " Disciple: "Since I am a villain, how can I dress up as a famous bachelor in China?" Yi Rong sighed, "alas! The world is so decadent! " He took off his clothes and gave them to his disciples. He died at midnight. His disciple saved his life.