The tradition of ancient Mongolian education mainly includes several aspects:
First, be taught to be upright. The ancients attached great importance to the initial and cautious beginning of life, and advocated exerting positive influence on the wisdom enlightenment of infants, developing their wisdom and promoting children to become better. This includes two aspects: one is the "original" of prenatal education. The ancients thought that prenatal education was a kind of "cautious beginning" education and "the foundation of establishing education", so they attached great importance to it. According to Liu Xiang's biography of a fierce woman, as early as 3000 years ago, the Zhou royal family attached great importance to prenatal education. Since then, some articles in Jia Yi's New Book, Dai by Dade, Lun Heng by Wang Chong and many family instructions in the Han Dynasty have developed the prenatal education thought in the early Zhou Dynasty. It not only contains the idea of prenatal and postnatal care, but also pays attention to the edification of ethics and morality. For example, the famous family instruction "Xu Yimou" puts forward five requirements for prenatal education, namely, "Listen to ancient poems, listen to drums, show good words, do good deeds, read pictures and be virtuous, have fun in hardships, and stop at comity. Such children can be described as elegant and neutral." The second is to attach importance to the early education of children and adolescents. Many thinkers, educators and scholars in ancient times emphasized that education should be early and "be the first". Confucius said, "Less is nature, and habit is nature"; "Family Instructions of Yan Family" puts forward that "on infants, we should know people's colors and feelings, and then teach them", because "life is still young, and the spirit is patented. If you want to escape when you grow up, you must learn early and don't miss the opportunity." Only by "teaching children and babies a new time" can we get twice the result with half the effort. Many educators or parents have also formulated moral education rules from infancy to adolescence. For example, Zhu stressed that when children's knowledge and temperament are uncertain, moral education and moral behavior training should be carried out as soon as possible in order to achieve the effect of "learning success and transforming development". Sima Guang once thought that removing the bad buds of saplings is like being lazy. How hard does it take to cut off those branches after growing into a big tree?
Second, moral education comes first. The ancients believed that the most fundamental education was "self-cultivation" education or moral education. The Analects of Confucius records that Confucius offered four courses for students, namely, literature, conduct, loyalty and faithfulness, among which three courses belong to the category of ideological and moral education. The family education plan designed in Sima Guang's "Family Miscellaneous Instruments" puts moral education at the top of family education. From birth, according to the principle of step by step, different cultivation education contents are implemented for different stages of children's growth, even if it is small, it is "strictly forbidden" to violate ethical codes; Guide children and grandchildren to study strictly, do not "confuse their ambitions" and strive to "cultivate their morality."
Third, habit formation. For example, educator Zhu suggested that children before the age of 15 should be educated and disciplined mainly about "knowing little and doing little" and "immediate things" they come into contact with in their daily lives. He was taught, "for example, to be a gentleman, a father, a brother, a friend and so on." Just being taught to follow this rule. " In the traditional family instruction and our country's reading materials, the behavior habits of children and schoolchildren who have not been crowned are specified in detail, which is very operable. For example, in Disciple Rules, at the beginning of school children's literacy, they are required by the most basic moral codes of conduct, such as living, serving their elders, teaching by example, and treating others. Starting with the formation of well-known and practical daily habits, they gradually solidify their quality and receive the effect of accumulating good deeds into virtue.
Fourth, environmental exposure. Confucius believes that it is unwise to choose a place where neighbors can't go and a place with good customs. The story of "Three Movements in Meng Mu" is a model of attaching importance to the role of environment in the formation of children's moral character. This thought and practice was summed up by Xunzi as "there is a bitter fleabane in hemp, but it doesn't help you straighten yourself." "Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is born, and he must be an official when he travels, so he is also close to right and wrong." Almost every traditional proverb and family instruction in China has a warning: children should be careful in making friends. In addition, the ancients also noticed that family education, school education and social education cooperated with each other to form a joint force. I think that "fathers and brothers are tutoring, teachers are teaching at school, and they are holding inside and outside, following the rules, how can they not be eccentric!" (Chen Hongmou's "Rules of Righteousness")
Getting rid of some dross in traditional educational thought is still instructive to our minor education, especially moral education. First of all, Mongolia's educational philosophy of putting moral education first inspires us to attach importance to early education and lay a solid foundation in the moral education of minors. Education is the enlightenment education of life and the "embryonic" stage of cultivating citizens' moral quality. Whether children at this stage can be educated and edified by the correct moral values of their families (including nurseries and kindergartens, of course) is extremely necessary to lay the foundation of civic moral quality required by our society. For example, Mr. Tao Xingzhi believes that "personality education depends on the cultivation before the age of six." All attitudes, habits and tendencies in life can lay a proper foundation in childhood. "Starting from mother and starting from life, attaching importance to moral education is in line with the law of education. If we seize the favorable opportunity at this stage and educate our children to "cultivate honesty", we can lay a solid foundation for the "shaping" of good moral quality in the future. Secondly, the idea of paying attention to cultivation inspires us to always adhere to the unity of enlightenment and practice in moral education for minors. Children are naive, curious and malleable, but they have weak thinking ability and little knowledge. Therefore, moral education must not simply instill the big truth into children, but should turn the big truth into a small truth, combine it with life, adhere to the integration of teaching, learning and doing, pay attention to the development of behavior, start with routine and daily chores, and guide it step by step and repeatedly. In addition, in the process of moral education for underage children, parents should set an example, pay attention to setting an example, and guide and motivate their children with their own practical actions. Thirdly, the thought of attaching importance to the influence of social environment and interpersonal communication on children's moral formation inspires us to pay full attention to the role of environment in the moral formation of minors and strive to create a social environment conducive to the moral formation of minors. Nowadays, the learning and living environment of minors is much more complicated than that of the ancients. Social customs, modern media, legal environment and interpersonal environment are influenced by adults' demonstration, which has an increasing influence on children's moral cultivation. Therefore, we should strengthen the awareness of moral education environment in children's education, intensify the efforts to purify the social and cultural environment, that is, the environment in which minors grow up, pay attention to combining the moral education of minors with the moral construction of all citizens, and advocate adult citizens to enhance their sense of responsibility and consciously establish themselves. In addition, the idea of "teaching children by changing them" advocated by the ancients seems to be solved by school education today, but the essence of this view is also to emphasize the problem of moral education environment, which enlightens us to attach importance to the multi-subjectivity of education in order to promote the formation of children's good moral character.