Lotus, one of the top ten famous flowers in China, is not only colorful and fragrant, but also has strong adaptability. It can be widely planted in lakes, which is spectacular and can be potted in bottles. Since ancient times, precious aquatic flowers in palace gardens and private gardens have been favored by people more and more, and are widely used in modern landscape gardens. Recently, there are three kinds of special lotus gardens in China: one is the garden botanical garden in Moshan, East Lake, Wuhan, which opens up a large area of aquatic flowers to watch and study lotus flowers; First, Nanjing Mochou Lake, Hangzhou new "Qu Yuan Feng He" and other large parks, mainly to enjoy lotus; The other is the lotus folk tourism resource scenic spot which is mainly based on wild interest and combined with tourism, such as the Lotus World in Sanshui, Guangdong, and the Tuanhu Scenic Spot in Yueyang, Hunan.
2. The theme of landscape garden is waterscape plants: As the saying goes, "A garden without mountains is not strong, and a mountain without water is not beautiful". In China gardens, it is very common to decorate water features with lotus flowers. There are many famous gardens in Jiangnan, and there are terraces to enjoy the lotus. There is a "lianhua bridge" on the bank of the Slender West Lake in Yangzhou. The jade pavilions on the bridge are patchwork, simple and elegant in shape, exquisite and unique, which set each other off with the lotus flowers in the lake. It is the best place in Slender West Lake. Lotus Square in Jinxiyuan, Yueyang is built by the water, connected with the winding fence, fragrant cattails and enjoying lotus in the rain, which is deeply loved by the masses.
3. Be a summer flower that can be enjoyed in all seasons: different landscapes in all seasons are the gardening rules that China gardeners abide by. Plum blossoms resist winter, willows welcome spring, green lotus relieves summer heat, and tung leaves surprise autumn. The green viewing period of lotus is as long as 8 months, and the flowering period is about 2~3 months. In summer and autumn, cicadas are few, peaches and plums are silent, and graceful lotus flowers exude a refreshing fragrance in a clear water, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.
4. Foreground, middle scene and main scene in multi-level arrangement: China gardens pay great attention to the change of levels when arranging plants, so as to form rich landscapes with different heights and distances. The combination of willow and lotus is a typical technique. Liu E once summed up Daming Lake in Jinan with "lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, and a city with mountains and lakes on half sides". Yuhu Park in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, with catkins flying in the spring and small rivers pointed; In summer and autumn, the flowers and leaves are graceful and the willows are green; In winter, the snow is covered with willow silk, and the residual lotus is audible, which is a beautiful scenic spot.
5. As a "filter" for polluted water by industrial wastes, the underground stems of lotus root can absorb the products of pollutants decomposed by aerobic microorganisms in water, and lotus root can help the polluted water to restore the food chain structure and promote the water ecosystem to gradually realize a virtuous cycle.
Lotus has a strong adaptability to the growing environment. It can not only spit red and wave green in lakes and ponds, but also be elegant and decorate the world in small pots and bowls. In the history of Dutch culture in China, the form of potted lotus was originally used for private courtyard viewing. Nowadays, potted lotus is widely used in gardens all over China. The combination of potted plants and pond planting improves the ornamental value of potted lotus, which often appears in garden waterscape and garden sketches. Lotus waterstone bonsai is a new kind of bonsai in Hangzhou in recent years. It is an organic combination of lotus potted plants and water stone potted plants, which not only reflects the firmness and straightness of rocks, but also shows the delicate and charming lotus flowers. Lotus bonsai can choose coral stone, sand stone, axe stone, English stone and other rocks as materials.
Chinese flower arrangement began in the Six Dynasties and originated from offering flowers before the Buddha. As the sacred flower of Buddhism, it can be said that arranging flowers facilitates the lotus to form an indissoluble bond when it rises. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, offering flowers was still the main form of flower arrangement. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the art of flower arrangement developed greatly. At this time, the depth and skill of lotus flower arrangement rose to a new height, which can be called the heyday of ancient flower arrangement art in China. Today, people have made more in-depth research on lotus flower arrangement. Not only the materials such as lotus, lotus leaf, lotus root and lotus fruit are widely used in flower arrangement, but also the ornamental effects of these materials are scientifically compared. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to choose small and medium-sized varieties for lotus flower arrangement, and at the same time, it is also appropriate to match the branches, leaves and fruits of other plants, so as to strive for bright colors and bright composition, and the ornamental effect can last for 3 to 4 days.
Perennial aquatic plants. Rootstock (lotus root) is thick and knobby, born in sediment. The leaves are shield-shaped, round, dark green on the surface, gray-green with waxy white powder on the back, and undulate all over. Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed. Flowers are solitary at the top of pedicels and above the water surface, with single petals, compound petals, double petals and double petals. Colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors; Stamens are numerous; The pistil is free and buried in the inverted cone sponge receptacle, and there are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface. After fertilization, it gradually expands, called lotus, and a small nut (lotus seed) is born in each hole. The flowering period is from June to September, and it opens and closes every morning. The fruit ripens from September to 65438+ 10. Lotus roots are planted in the mud at the bottom of a pond or river, and lotus leaves are exposed to the water. There are flowers on the stem that protrude a few centimeters from the water. Lotus generally grows to a height of 150 cm and extends 3 meters horizontally. The maximum diameter of lotus leaf is 60 cm. The striking lotus can reach a maximum diameter of 20 cm.
Lotus, a dicotyledonous plant, belongs to the genus Nelumbo of Nymphaeaceae, including Chinese lotus and American lotus. Chinese lotus is distributed in Asia and Oceania, and most of them are tall, oval and green leaves. There are single petals, compound petals, double petals, heavy platform and thousand petals in the cultivated varieties, and the flowers range from red to white. American lotus is distributed in North America, with short plants, nearly round leaves, dark green, single petals and yellow flowers, and it is still in a semi-wild state. According to the study of fossils by paleobotanists, as early as 65.438+0.35 billion years ago, lotus plants were distributed in many waters in the northern hemisphere. In China, Hemudu cultural site discovered in 1973 contains lotus pollen fossils, which is determined to be 7000 years ago. This shows that at least 7000 years ago, lotus was distributed in China and even used as food. Although some data today show that lotus originated in India, according to historical data, China is the origin of lotus. Lotus has been cultivated in China for a long time and spread widely. West to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain, east to Taiwan Province Island, north to Heilongjiang, and south to Sanya, Hainan. It can be said that China is the world cultivation center of lotus.
Lotus is one of the oldest dicotyledonous plants, and also has some characteristics of monocotyledonous plants. The embryo of lotus is wrapped in scales, similar to monocotyledonous plants. From the flower structure, the lotus has 3 or 4 layers of perianth, outer sepals, inner petals, many stamens, free pistils and single boat-shaped pollen grains. Lotus stems have obvious segmentation phenomenon, and the underground stems are covered with fibrous roots. These are the characteristics of monocots. The lotus bud is a mixed bud, and the lotus bud seen by the naked eye is the position of the terminal bud and axillary buds of the lotus root. Roots are divided into seed roots and adventitious roots. The main root formed by seed radicle is underdeveloped, and the adventitious root plays a functional role. As for the stem of lotus, it is called lotus root, which is actually the underground rhizome of lotus and an organ for storing nutrients and reproducing. Lotus is a solitary bisexual flower, which consists of calyx, corolla, stamen group, pistil group, receptacle and pedicel. Variety and rich colors.
There are three kinds of leaves: Mr. Ding Ya's leaves, small in shape and thin in handle, float on the water, called money leaves, or money leaves; The first leaves that grow from the lotus root are slightly larger and also float on the water, which is called floating leaves; Later, the leaves protruding from the lotus root were called vertical leaves. Whether it is money leaves, floating leaves or vertical leaves, they are all rolled into ribbed strips before they come out of the water. The size, height and sequence of vertical leaves show obvious ascending and descending steps with the growth time. When the new lotus root is formed, the erect leaves pulled out are bigger than the previous one, but the thorns are shorter, which is called "dorsal leaf". A small leaf with a short stem and reddish back appears in front of it, which is called "terminal leaf". Only by identifying the terminal leaves can people find the position of the new lotus root in the mud.
The flower primordium of lotus is planted in the bud of lotus root area, on the back of the base of young leaves; Flowers solitary, bisexual; Sepals 4~5, green, falling off after flowering; The battalion commander is peach-shaped, peach-shaped or round-peach-shaped, dark purple or grayish green; Flowers can be divided into single petals, compound petals, double petals and thousand petals, and the colors are crimson, pink, white, brownish green and intermediate colors. The flowering period is from June to September, and the flowering period of a single flower is only 3-4 days, mostly at noon, and thousands of petals can bloom for more than 10 days; The largest flower diameter can reach 30 cm, and the smallest is less than 10 cm; Stamens are 60~450 or petaloid, anther fragments are mostly yellow and filaments are white; The head is born, the ovary is superior, the carpels are separated, and they are scattered in the bowl-shaped and trumpet-shaped green receptacle. The swollen receptacle after withering is called lotus, which has 3-30 lotus cells. When it develops normally, each carpel forms an oval nut. Sometimes carpels are "blistered" or petal-shaped and cannot form fruits. This kind of fruit, commonly known as lotus seed, has a turquoise skin when it is green and turns dark blue when it matures. There are stomata and guard cells on the surface of pericarp, solid and dense palisade tissue under epidermis, and stomatal channels under stomata. The stomatal passage of mature lotus seed peel is very small, which hinders the free entry and exit of air and water, and even hinders the entry of microorganisms. This special organizational structure ensures the longevity of lotus seeds. It can be buried in the stratum for thousands of years without being destroyed, and can even be used for sowing and germination.
Junzihua, Ling Boxian, Shuigongxian, Yuhuan, etc. According to "The Tale of the North Dream", Su Changyuan lived in Wuzhong (present-day Suzhou) during Tang Chaoyuan and his reign (806~820), and met a pink-faced girl from plain clothes and gave him a jade ring. Soon, he found a lotus flower in the pool of his yard, and a jade ring in the pistil, but it was "absolutely broken" and later generations called it the jade ring.
Lotus is called "living fossil" and is one of the earliest plants in angiosperms.
Before humans appeared, about 104500 years ago, most of the earth was covered by oceans, lakes and swamps. At that time, the climate was bad, disasters were frequent, there were no animals, most plants were eliminated, and only a few wild plants with strong vitality grew on this barren land. Among them, there is an aquatic plant that we call "Lotus" today, which has withstood the test of nature and stubbornly survived in amur river (now Heilongjiang), the Yellow River, the Yangtze River basin and the swamp lakes in the northern hemisphere. About 9,000 years later, primitive humans began to appear. In order to survive, human beings collect wild fruits to satisfy their hunger, and soon find that the wild fruits and root nodes of this "lotus" (namely lotus seeds and lotus roots) are not only edible, but also sweet and delicious. Gradually, "Lotus", a food source for human survival, was deeply imprinted in the hearts of our ancestors, primitive humans, and became a symbol of human survival.
Until the Neolithic Age in 56000 BC, with the emergence of farming culture, human beings began to learn more about lotus. At that time, in order to meet the water demand of life, human beings generally settled in river banks and lakes or swamps with natural springs, and these areas were the main distribution areas of wild lotus. From the unearthed cultural relics, it is found that there are carbonized wheat grains and two lotus seeds on the indoor table in the site of Yangshao Culture excavated in Beidahe Village, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, which has a history of 5000 years. In the continuous productive labor, human beings have accumulated rich perceptual knowledge about the growth habits and living environment of lotus, which laid a good foundation for the emergence and development of ancient paste flower culture in China.
Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, warlords were separated, wars were frequent, and working life was in dire straits. Qin Shihuang unified China in 22 1 BC, ending the melee. In this unified empire, lotus culture has been fully developed and gradually penetrated into agriculture, economy, medicine, religion, art and other fields.
The Han Dynasty was an unprecedented period of agricultural development in China, which also played an important role in the cultivation and development of lotus. Before the Han Dynasty, all lotus varieties in China were single-petaled red lotus. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the double petal lotus appeared. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were thousands of lotus petals.
Since the Western Han Dynasty, China's official and private businesses have developed rapidly, enriching the types of goods in various regions, which is of great significance to the spread and distribution of lotus flowers. Lotus root, a specialty of Jiangling, Hefei, Chengdu and other places, entered the north through these central markets, which fundamentally expanded the distribution area of lotus, made the people in the north know more about lotus, and thus greatly improved the cultivation technology of lotus. In the Book of Qi Yao Min written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is a "method of planting lotus roots": "In the early spring, lotus roots are dug and planted in the mud of fish ponds, and then there are lotus flowers." ; There is also a method of "planting lotus seeds": "On August 9th, if the lotus seeds are hard and black, grind the shower heads on the tiles to make the skin thin, and seal them with cooked mud, such as three fingers long and two inches long, so that the shower heads are sharpened, and the mud is dried and thrown under the heavy mud in the pool. The skin is naturally thin and easy to grow, and it will come out soon. If you don't grind, the skin will be hard and thick. It can be seen that the cultivation techniques of lotus on both sides of the Central Plains were quite superb at that time.
Since Qin and Han Dynasties, China medicine has started a new development. After tasting all kinds of herbs, Shennong in Han Dynasty summed up a set of good prescriptions for treating diseases, namely "Herbal Classic", also known as "Shennong Herbal Classic", which described the medicinal and health-care functions of lotus root. Hua Tuo, a native of Qiaoxian County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a famous imperial doctor in the medical history of China. Before the operation, he first gave the patient Mafeisan to make him unconscious, cut the abdomen and back to sew up the wound, and finally applied a plaster made of lotus root skin, which could be cured in four or five days. Lotus has become a wonderful flower in China's medical treasure house.
During the Western Han Dynasty, Yuefu songs gradually became popular, resulting in many beautiful lotus picking songs. Among them, the Lotus Picking Song (also known as the Lotus Picker and the Lotus Picker by the Lake) is one of the most popular traditional folk songs and dances in China.
& lt Fourth, the prosperity of lotus culture-Lotus culture from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cultivation techniques of lotus were further improved, and the cultural contents of lotus such as poetry, painting, sculpture and handicrafts were more colorful. In food culture, lotus has further become a valuable tonic for people's health care. At the same time, lotus has entered private gardens with its colorful and elegant appearance. For example, in the southeast corner outside Chang 'an, there was Yichun Garden in Qin and Han Dynasties, and it was renamed Furong Garden after the Sui Dynasty established Chang 'an as its capital. The Wind and Lotus in the Qu Yuan of Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Especially after the rule of Zhenguan, the application of lotus became more and more extensive and became the source of inspiration for arts and crafts artists. For example, porcelain and bronze mirrors in the Sui and Tang Dynasties were decorated with lotus patterns. Gold and silver vessels, especially the rim, are decorated with rich lotus petals, and the overall style is gorgeous and true. The dyeing and weaving industry in Song Dynasty has a higher development than that in Tang Dynasty. The lotus silk pattern "quaint" created by Kerou Zhu, a famous female painter and silk worker, is a masterpiece. Woodblock New Year pictures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties often use auspicious lotus patterns such as "Lotus (your son)" and "Lotus (fish) over many years old" to express people's thoughts and wishes.
In the history of artistic painting in China, the fine lotus flowers are even more colorful. The most famous is "Lotus Out of the Water" by Wu Bing of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, which vividly and delicately depicts the fresh and refined style of lotus. There is also the Lotus and Mandarin Duck Picture by Zhang Zizheng, a painter in the late Ming Dynasty.
& lt The Prosperity of Dutch Culture-Modern Lotus Culture
Since the Opium War, especially after the founding of New China, the working people have been masters of their own affairs. Lotus has also become a precious flower to beautify people's lives and cultivate their sentiments, and is known as one of the top ten famous flowers. Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Premier Zhou Enlai have repeatedly advocated vigorously developing Dutch culture and spreading the seeds of friendship to friendly neighbors.
19 18, Dr. Sun Yat-sen traveled to Japan and brought nine lotus seeds unearthed in Pulaidian, Liaodong Peninsula. After careful cultivation, the ancient lotus seeds were planted successfully. 1963, Yamato presented one hundred seeds of Yamato lotus to Guo Moruo, president of China Academy of Sciences. 1In April, 979, when Vice Chairman Deng visited the Nara Tang Temple, which he presided over, Elder Morimoto gave Vice Chairman Deng the lotus roots of Tang Temple Lotus, Sun Wenlian and Sino-Japanese Friendship Lotus cultivated by experts from China and Japan. 1980 In April, to celebrate the exhibition in China, a Japanese monk sent the lotus roots of Tang Si Lian, Sun Wen Lian and Sino-Japanese Friendship Lotus to daming temple in daming temple, Yangzhou, and placed them in front of the Pingyuan building next to the memorial hall.
With the development of science and technology, the cultivation technology of lotus is becoming more and more advanced and perfect. There are more than 200 varieties of Ahua, which are distributed all over the country. With the popularization and development of lotus culture in major cities across the country, more and more cities take lotus as the city flower. So far, the lotus has been regarded as a symbol of cultural spirit in Jinan, Jining, Xuchang, Xiaogan, honghu city and Zhaoqing.
In Suzhou, south of the Yangtze River, June 24th of the lunar calendar is the Lotus Festival, which is called Heshan Birthday. At that time, people will happily flock to watch the lotus flowers. Buddhists in particular respect it the most. For example, Guanyin Bodhisattva sits on a lotus flower. 1990 Indian prime minister Rajiv, who was assassinated, was named by his grandfather Nehru when he was in prison, which means "immaculate Bai Lianhua" in Hindi. 1March 3, 9931day, the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, which was deliberated and adopted at the First Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, also used lotus as the pattern of Macao's regional flag and emblem, expressing the local people's special worship of lotus as a symbol of purity and nobility. As lotus is a famous family in the flower kingdom, it has been selected by the masses as one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. China Lotus Association was established in Beijing from 65438 to 0989, which promoted the beauty and fragrance of lotus in China.
General regulations
According to legend, Lotus is the incarnation of the beautiful maid Yuji around the Queen Mother. At the beginning, Yu Ji saw couples of people, men plowing and women weaving, and was very envious, so she moved her heart and stole out of the Heavenly Palace with the daughter of the river god and came to Hangzhou West Lake. The beauty of the West Lake is that Yuji lingers and plays in the lake until dawn. When the Queen Mother knew this, she used the Lotus Throne to drive Yusi into the lake and told her to "drive into the mire and never go south again". Since then, a beautiful maid has been lost in the Heavenly Palace, and a beautiful flower has been added to the world.
Lotus is a famous traditional flower in China. The flowers and leaves are delicate and fragrant, which hides people's hearts. There is a fearless and muddy temperament in the face of the scorching sun. Therefore, in people's minds, lotus is the embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty, a sign of good fortune and prosperity, a sacred and clean name in Buddhism, and a seed of friendship.
In the classic literary masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions, it is said that Qingwen became a lotus fairy after her death. Jia Baoyu said to Qingwen in the obituary "Daughter of Lotus": "If you talk about quality, it is not worth mentioning; If it is sex, no ice and snow means clean; If it is a god, neither the stars nor the sun can describe its essence; If it is like this, then flowers and months are not enough to describe its color. " Although later redology experts thought that this was not the author's praise of Daiyu's purity in the name of chanting Qingwen, lotus flowers were always associated with the purity of a daughter.
Supplement 1: Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five songs in Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs": "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, but the lotus leaf is not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.
Classic Poetry: On (Song) Zhou Dunyi
The flowers of land and water plants are very fragrant. Tao Jin Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone; Since Li Tang came, people all over the world love peony. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is graceful and quiet, but it doesn't look ridiculous from a distance. Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Lotus love, who is the giver; Peony love is suitable for many people.
(According to the original, Zhang Boxing's woodcut Complete Works of Mr. Zhou Lian Creek (Volume 8) was sealed by Qing Yi.
"There is no stain in the mud, and it is clear and innocent." I'm talking about the lotus. Lotus, one of the top ten famous flowers in China, is called a gentleman among flowers. Since ancient times, a large area of wild lotus has won people's love for its magnificent, simple and generous natural beauty. So that 2500 years ago, people cultivated wild lotus artificially in order to appreciate its fragrance without leaving home. Until today, we can still see it in many parks or large courtyards.
The fruit of lotus, commonly known as "lotus seed", is rich in nutrition and deeply loved by people.
[cultivation]
Lotus is an aquatic plant and likes relatively stable and calm shallow water. Lakes, swamps and ponds are all its suitable habitats. The water demand of lotus depends on the variety. The relative water level of large plant-shaped varieties such as Gulian and Chiba is deep, but it cannot exceed 1.7 meters. Small and medium-sized plant-shaped varieties are only suitable for water depth of 20 ~ 60 cm. Meanwhile, lotus is very sensitive to water loss. If you don't irrigate for three hours in summer, the lotus leaves planted in the jar will wither. If the water is stopped for one day, the lotus leaves will be burnt and the buds will wither. Lotus is also very fond of light, and it needs a full light environment during its growing period. Lotus is extremely intolerant of shade, so it will show strong phototaxis when it grows in semi-shade.
★ Toxic part
It is said that the lotus is "out of the mud but not stained", which is a compliment to the lotus personality. In fact, the underground stem of lotus grows in the mud, so how can it not be infected by toxic substances? Because the extremely fine epidermis tissue and tannin-containing lower epidermis of lotus root have a certain ability to block or absorb toxic substances, most toxic substances attach to or penetrate into the epidermis, which is invisible to the naked eye. So remember to peel the lotus root and don't eat toxic substances in your stomach.
Zhang Daqian and Lotus
Mr. Zhang Daqian, a Chinese painting master living abroad, is good at painting flowers. He painted many kinds of flowers, such as lotus, begonia, peony, orchid, narcissus and plum blossom. And he usually draws the most lotus flowers. He often said, "You can never get tired of seeing lotus flowers!"
Zhang Daqian lived in Suzhou when he was young. The lotus pond in the yard became a good place for him to sketch. When he was 33 years old, he began to live in the Summer Palace in Beijing for five years. The plump lotus flowers in the Summer Palace pond made him more and more interested in painting lotus flowers. Because of his long-term relationship with lotus, he has a special preference for lotus. Zhang Daqian's love for lotus flowers shows that he never sticks to the mud, graceful Tingting floats from the water, and lotus leaves and elegant lotus roots often come into his picture. In his view, the drunken part of the lotus is not a flower, but a pole, because once it is written, there is no turning back, and repainting is not painting. Zhang Daqian often sketches the lotus, but there are also many spectacular large-scale lotus works, such as the six-screen giant lotus he exhibited in the United States in 1963. When painting, these six ink lotus flowers have to be completely decided by Datong Studio. When mounting in Japan, the painting shop had to go through the workshop to mount the painting. These six lotus screens, usually 12 feet long and 24 feet wide, are made of
Most of Zhang Daqian's flower paintings are lotus flowers. Among other reasons, he likes painting lotus flowers. He believes that "Chinese painting focuses on pen and ink, and painting lotus is the basic skill of using pen and ink." Others believe that painting lotus is closely related to calligraphy. Therefore, Zhang Daqian's lotus paintings are not only available every year, but also constantly bring forth new ideas. Form a famous "big lotus" at home and abroad. Jin Ping Mei, which he wrote at the age of 35, was bought by the French government. Xu Beihong once said: "Zhang Daqian's lotus flowers add color to the faces of China people." In Zhang Daqian's artistic career for decades, through continuous exploration and efforts, "Daqianhe" has a special position in the history of China fine arts. Especially after splash-ink painting in his later years, the painted lotus not only surpassed the attributes of flowers, but also extended the scope of literati flowers to another situation. He loves not only painting lotus flowers, but also planting them. By living with the lotus flower day and night, he captures the characteristics and instantaneous dynamics of the lotus flower for a long time with keen observation and highly democratic generalization, and then refines and exaggerates it with his own aesthetic sense and artistic interest, making it meaningful and full of vitality!