My master helped Wen Huijun (meaning: for, for).
I think it is very difficult for ①, but it seems to be ② abstinence (meaning: ① solution; ② Because)
Seeing is believing, acting slowly (meaning: because)
Standing with a knife, looking around, full of ambition for it (meaning: because)
Is this the end of skills? (meaning: modal particles, used at the end of a sentence to express rhetorical questions, equivalent to "ma" and "you")
Enter the technical field (meaning: comparison)
According to heaven, approve Daying (meaning: equivalent to "Yu", introduce the conditions of dependence)
Easy to recover (meaning: used after adjectives and reduplications)
Suddenly, it sounds very sudden (meaning: ① onomatopoeic suffix, ② adjective suffix)
Suddenly playing with a knife (meaning: onomatopoeia suffix)
Because of its process (meaning: the appearance of adjective suffix ...)
Although, as for race (meaning: like this)
Dare not quit (meaning: adjective suffix)
Dance in the mulberry forest (meaning: draw objects)
If the blade is new (meaning: from)
There must be room for redemption (meaning: for)
Although, as for the family (meaning: lead the object)
original work
Work as skillfully as a skilled butcher cuts the carcass of a cow-do sth very skillfully/professionally.
My skilled hands, my shoulders, my feet, my knees and my knife are all in harmony. The dance combined with mulberry forest is a chance for quiet life.
Wen said, "Hey! Very good! Is that all? "
My master released his knife and said to him, "I am a good minister and my road is advanced." When the first minister solved the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. I haven't seen all the cows for three years. At this time, I saw God instead of looking at him. Zhi Zhi was an official and wanted to do something. According to heaven, we should criticize and guide the big ones, because the technology and experience are certainly not bad, but the situation is excellent! A good man is a better cutter; There are many knives and many folds in the family month. Today, I killed thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is new. There is a gap between people for a while, but the blade is not thick; Without thickness, there will be room for recovery, so 19 years, the blade is still new. Although, as for the competition, I think it is difficult, it is a warning that it is too late to act now. The knife is very small, and what should be solved has been solved, such as land. "Stand with a knife, look around for it, be full of ambition, and hide it with a good knife."
Wen said: "Good!" I have listened to my master, so I can keep healthy. "
Sentence annotation
①(páo) Ding: Chef Mingding. Ancient books in the pre-Qin period often put occupation before name.
② Text: namely Liang, also known as Liang. Solution for cattle: Slaughter cattle, which means peeling and splitting the whole body of cattle.
3 Lean: Lean.
4 shoes: step on.
⑤ (yǐ): Support and contact. This refers to pushing a cow with one knee.
⑤ ū (x ū): Onomatopoeia, the sound of separation of skin and bone. Direction: Open the "ring".
⑦ Play with the knife: feed the knife. Onomatopoeia, which describes approaching a knife to solve a cow's voice is louder than Li Ran's.
⑧ Zhong (zhòng): To match the music beat.
Pet-name ruby Sanglin: the legendary musical name of Shang Tang.
⑩ Jing: A chapter in the legendary Yao song "Fairy Pool". Will: refers to the rhythm. The above two sentences are intertextual, that is, "it is the encounter between mulberry dance and the first classic."
Hey: Wow.
Gai (hé): Say "Damn", why, why.
Release: put down.
Hao: preferences, hobbies.
Enter: exceed.
Nothing more than cattle: there is no incomplete cow. One is "nothing more than a whole cow".
Never seen a whole cow: never seen a whole cow.
Today: Today. Party, when.
God encounter: contact the cow with your mind. God: Spirit refers to thinking activities. Meet: meet and contact.
Official knowledge: This refers to vision. Desire: refers to mental activity.
Tian Li: refers to the natural physiological structure of cattle.
Batch: hit a big gap. Batch, hit. Gap.
Guide rail (ku ǐ n): Feed along the space (between joints).
Reason: according to. Of course: refers to the original structure of the cow body.
Technical classics: or meridians. Technology, according to the textual research of Yu Yue in Qing Dynasty, is a mistake of the word "branch", which refers to a branch vein. Meridian, meridian ken: flesh sticks to bone. Qi (q √ ng): the place where muscles and muscles gather. The sentence of the prepositional object is "I have never been tested by my skills", that is, "I have never been tested by my skills".
ū (gū): the big bone of the thigh.
Good friend: a good cook. Year: year. More: replacement.
Cutting: This refers to raw cutting and hard cutting.
Home: numerous, which means average.
Fold: break the bone with a knife.
F: I'm out. Xing: whetstone.
Pronunciation: Pronunciation. Jian: the gap.
No thickness: no thickness, very thin.
Elegance: a generous look. Blade: swimming blade, which means the knife runs on the cow. Y: A lot.
Home: refers to the intersection of bones and muscles.
Chúran: The emergence of police fear. Quit: Quit, and therefore remain vigilant.
Stop: focus on one point.
Late: slow.
Micro: light.
Huò: Onomatopoeia, the sound of flesh and blood leaving other voices. After this sentence, some versions also have the sentence "A cow doesn't know its death".
Trusteeship: scattered on the ground.
Smug: Self-satisfied and very proud. Manzhi: I am very satisfied.
Good: pass "repair", repair. This means wiping.
Health care: refers to the way of health care.
Vernacular translation
A chef named Ding slaughtered cattle for Wen. Where his hand touched, where his shoulder leaned, where his foot stepped, and where his knee pressed, there was a loud sound, and the knife pierced the cow and snapped. There is no sound that is out of rhythm: it is in line with the rhythm of mulberry dance and Jing Shou's movements.
Wen said, "Hey, that's great! How can you be so smart? "
Chef Ding put down the butcher knife and replied, "I like pottery, which is further than technology. When I started slaughtering cows, I saw the whole cow; Three years have passed, and I have never seen the whole cow again; Now, I contact the cow with my spirit and don't look at it with my eyes anymore. My sensory perception has stopped, and I only use my mental activities. Follow the natural structure of cattle, make a big gap and eat along the gap between joints; According to the original tissue of cattle, the place where blood vessels connect and bones agglomerate has never been touched with a knife, let alone thick bones! Good chefs change a knife every year, because they cut meat with a knife; Usually cooks change a knife every month because they use it to cut bones. Now, my knife has been used 19 years. It killed thousands of cows, but the blade looked as if it had just been ground from a millstone. Because there are gaps in the joints of cattle, the blade is thin to no thickness. If you insert a blade without thickness into a seam with a gap, it will be very wide and spacious, and there will definitely be a lot of room for operating the knife. So it has been used for 19 years, but it seems that the blade has just been ground from the millstone. Even so, whenever I meet a place where bones and muscles are intertwined, I find it difficult to deal with it, so I carefully guard against it, so my eyes are focused on one point and my movements slow down, making the knife very light. As a result, it opened with a bang and scattered on the ground like dirt. I stood up with a knife in my hand, so I looked around, so I was carefree and satisfied, wiped the knife clean and put it away. "
Wen said, "Good! After listening to the master's words, I understand the truth of fitness. "
Creation background
Zhuangzi lived in the middle of the Warring States Period, which was a very intense social transformation period. China society has experienced great changes of "the high shore is the valley and the deep valley is the mausoleum". Social unrest makes people miserable, and people in troubled times are full of confusion about life and the future. In view of the fact that people can't let their nature live freely in the cruel reality and can't enjoy life in the face of ruthless destruction, Zhuangzi was forced to be cautious at any time and place, adapt in time and not seek harm. He wants to find a gap in the joint of complex struggle, and use it as a comfortable nest to save his life, so as to survive in this troubled times with ease. This fable embodies this mentality.
Make an appreciative comment
This article is a fable used by Zhuangzi to illustrate "keeping in good health". The article begins with a vivid description of "Sister Niu". With a strong pen and ink, the author shows his leisurely expression and harmonious movements when trying to solve the problem of cattle. All hands, shoulders, feet and knees are used together, touching, leaning, stepping and touching cooperate with each other, and everything seems so harmonious and natural. "The sound is vivid and the knife is vivid." . The sound of separation of cattle's flesh and blood, the sound of cutting cattle's bones, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, alternating with ups and downs, the sound can be heard. Then he sighed with Wen: "Good! That's it! " It is further pointed out that we know how to understand the "god" of cattle, paving the way for the later theory from Syria to cattle.
The beauty of my answer is not limited to "skill". The reason why "skill stops here" is because of "Tao". "What I like most is Tao and high skill." And from this, the truth of seeking "Tao" and being good at "technique" is revealed. This paragraph is the essence of the full text. In order to explain how "Tao" is superior to "skill", the article uses two contrasting contrasts: one is the comparison between my understanding of cattle at the beginning and three years later, and the other is the comparison between my understanding of cattle and ordinary chefs. At the beginning of my understanding of cows, I saw a complete cow; Three years later, I haven't seen the whole cow, but I know the natural structure of the cow, the gap between bones and muscles and the joints like the back of my hand. Ordinary kitchen workers do not understand the internal organization of cattle and blindly cut bones with knives; Although a good cook can avoid bones, he will inevitably cut tendons with a knife. My master is not. He didn't feel cows with his senses, but "looked at cows with his mind instead of his eyes, and he longed to walk with his official Zhi Zhi". He used his inner spirit to experience the cow, conformed to nature, chose gaps, split tendons and led them to empty joints, and followed the natural structure of the cow. It is the pursuit of Taoism to conform to nature and integrate things with me. It is my skill that makes him advance from "skill" to "Tao", achieving perfection and superb skills. "It can be solved with a small knife, just like dirt." These twelve words describe the effect of my cow-solving skills. The correct method can not only solve the cow quickly, but also prevent the knife from being damaged. /kloc-in the past 0/9 years, thousands of cows have been solved, but a knife has not been changed, and the blade is still sharp. This is of course incredible for a junior chef who changes a knife every month. The difference is that they seek "skills", while skilled workers aim at "Tao".
On the relationship between "skill" and "Tao" Zhuangzi School believes that "technology" and "Tao" are interlinked. "Tao" is higher than "technology", and "technology" is subordinate to "Tao"; Only when "technology" conforms to "Tao" can technology be pure and refined. The essence of "Tao" lies in natural inaction, and the perfection of "Shu" lies in natural inaction. Only by "harmony between man and nature" (Zhuangzi's success) and combining man's inner nature with his outer nature can we reach the highest level of "technology". I am a skilled worker, so I can become a leader in solving cattle. Conversely, there is Tao in "technology", from which we can see Tao. "Skills can help, things can help, righteousness can help, virtue can help, virtue can help, and Tao can help" (Zhuangzi Heaven and Earth). Wen Huijun realized the Tao of keeping in good health through his skill. The fundamental method of health preservation is to conform to nature. Obviously, it is Zhuangzi's image metaphor of the method of keeping in good health that he knows how to treat cows.
Zhuangzi's theories of "depending on nature" and "because of its nature" objectively reveal the problem of how people realize freedom in practice. The "justice" and "process" mentioned in this paper, if extended, can also be understood as the external objective things that people face. Although it will bring such restrictions or obstacles to those who yearn for freedom, wise people are not helpless in front of it. As long as they know it and obey it, they can be as free and easy as my master. In this regard, Zhuangzi once made a very subtle analysis: "There is a gap in the knot, but the blade is not thick; When you enter a room without thickness, there is room for you to recover. "Festival is insurmountable, but after all, there is a gap, which provides a world for people to swim. As long as they are good at displaying their skills in this world, they are also free. The word "wandering blade" vividly shows that Niu Jie understands that people live in harmony with nature and transcends the deified realm of nature. Of course, the understanding of "course" is not once and for all. Even a skilled person like me is always careful when his bones and muscles are knotted. " It's too late to act if you're scared. "Don't be careless, only pursue tirelessly and never slack off.
This fable is intended to clarify "keeping in good health", in fact, it also expounds a profound aesthetic proposition, that is, artistic creation is a free creation. Zhuangzi believes that there is "skill" in "skill". Zhihu knows the movements of cattle, which is quite artistic and ornamental. His performance is like a beautiful music and dance, with the dance steps matched with the dance music of Sanglin and the rhythm matched with the brilliant movement of Xianchi. As a creative activity with beautiful significance, it fascinates viewers. The expression of "standing with a knife, looking around, full of ambition" makes people see the joy of the creator's inner satisfaction after the work is completed. Zhuangzi reveals that beauty is a kind of free creation through clever expression. The creation of this kind of beauty must achieve the unity of legality ("because of its nature") and purpose ("to the point") in order to reach the realm of freedom ("freedom"). It is an essential state of mind for creation to "attend to God instead of seeing God, and do things for the official with Zhi Zhi", which emphasizes to eliminate all sensory interference and attach importance to everything, which is consistent with Qing Zi's "fasting with meditation" and "forgetting myself in four shapes" when he cut off his body in Zhuangzi Sheng Da. This state of "spiritual fasting" and "forgetting" is consistent with the "forgetting" emphasized by modern western aesthetics
Zhuangzi's prose is good at using visual reasoning. This fable uses a variety of techniques such as exaggeration, contrast, contrast and description. It shows the skillful skills, leisurely manner, graceful movements, harmonious rhythm and natural and unrestrained body and mind of an understanding cow. Specifically, the main features of this article in writing are:
First, the structure is tight. The full text is divided into two parts, first telling the story (the first and second paragraphs) and then pointing out the meaning (the third paragraph). As far as the story is concerned, it is divided into two layers, that is, from writing "skills" to saying "Tao". First, I describe my superb skills in understanding cows, and then I explain his way of understanding cows. The writing skills of My Master are first described directly, then summarized by the admiration of the writer, and transferred to my conversation. The exposition of Tao is divided into three aspects: first, it introduces the three stages of mastering Tao vertically, highlighting the characteristics after mastering Tao; Secondly, from the horizontal aspect, I will compare my master with the good master and the master, and explain the similarities and differences between them. Third, it shows that the thorny issue of "clan" has been successfully solved. This is from general to special. These three aspects are closely related to the Tao of "relying on heaven for justice" and "because of it". My answer to the first sentence of Wen is naturally to associate writing skills with speaking. The way of keeping in good health mentioned in My Clever Words also plays a role in controlling the whole text and revealing the theme. The full text revolves around Jie Niu incident, expounding a word "Tao", from concrete to abstract, layer by layer analysis, interlocking, and telling the truth clearly and thoroughly.
Second, the language is vivid and concise. For example, the movements of writing hands, shoulders, feet and knees only need to touch, lean, walk and squat to reflect their own characteristics. Use "hey! Very good! Is that all? " These eight words (empty word and semi-empty word) will truly reflect Wen's thoughts and feelings of surprise, admiration and incomprehension due to his superb skills in understanding cattle. The words "I dare not take warning, I don't look, I act late, and I seldom use a knife" vividly depict my inner activities, eyes and actions that are focused, cautious and full of confidence when solving special difficulties, which is in sharp contrast with my carefree actions and demeanor because of difficulties I wrote later.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhuangzi (about 369 BC-286 BC) was a philosopher in the Warring States period and a representative of the Taoist school. Zhou was born in Song Dynasty (now northeast of Shangqiu, Henan Province). I used to be a painter. Poor family, but refused to Chu Weiwang's thick coins. He inherited Laozi's view that Tao is natural, denied the existence of the creator of heaven, and thought that everything originated from Tao, and human life and death was only a short link in the development of Tao. His philosophical thought reached the height of thinking and had a great influence on later generations. His articles open and close vertically and horizontally, change for no reason, and use fables, and his imagination is rich and strange, which occupies an important position in the history of prose development. His works include Zhuangzi.