original text

Xi Feng, He Yu. Give women fear. Will Ann be happy? Will that woman be abandoned?

Learn from the valley wind, maintain the wind and be depressed. Put fear in your arms. Will be happy, throw it away.

There is Feng in the west and Wei in the west. No grass will never die, no wood will never wither. Forget my virtues and think about my little grievances.

interpret

There was a strong wind blowing at Taniguchi, which brought bursts of heavy rain. When you are afraid, only I can help you share your worries. Now that you are rich and happy, you turn around without me.

There is a strong wind blowing in taniguchi, and the wind has been spinning. When you were afraid, you held me in your arms. Now that I am rich and happy, I will forget everything.

Taniguchi kept whistling and blowing through the towering mountains. Blow all the herbs to death, blow all the trees dry. You forget all my benefits. Remember my little weakness.

To annotate ...

Xi: Strong wind.

V: Yes.

Will: Fang, just.

And: help.

Woman: Just like Ru, you.

Turn: On the contrary.

Decapitation: a whirlwind from top to bottom.

Li: Same as "Ding".

Legacy: Forgetting. Cui Wei: The mountain looks high and steep.

Make an appreciative comment

The theme of this poem is basically the same as that of the old poem. "Preface to Poems of Mao Zedong" said, "Stabbed a reclusive king. The world is vulgar, and friends are absolutely ignorant. " I also think this is a poem that Zhu's friends complain about each other, but he doesn't associate the unique way of hurting friends with stabbing. Fang Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs agrees with Zhu's point of view and strongly refutes Xu's theory of "stabbing the king". Today, Gao Feng's annotations to The Book of Songs and Cheng Junying's annotations to The Book of Songs both adopt the theory of the poem of abandoning a wife. Although Chen Zizhan's The Book of Songs still adopts the old theory, he added: "The style of this poem is absolutely different from the' national style', and it is integrated into the' Xiaoya' with harmony. "Taifeng Gu Feng", the word of abandoning his wife. Or suspect that Xiaoya Gu Feng also abandoned his wife. With the same theme, the content is often the same. This ballad is a common practice. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Yin Ji, the imperial edict of Emperor Guangwu reads:' When you are humble, marry Yin. We parted ways because of the army's conquest. Fortunately, we are safe. ..... "Will be afraid will be afraid, d to women. Will be happy, the woman will be abandoned. " The ring of the wind man can't be sloppy! This can prove that this poem was regarded as a word of abandoning a wife as early as the early Han Dynasty. "

The heroine in the poem was abandoned by her husband. She bitterly recalled that when her hometown was poor, she tried to help her husband overcome difficulties, and her husband cared for her. But later, when life became stable and rich, her husband changed his mind and kicked her away ungrateful. So she sang this poem to condemn this ungrateful husband, who was in trouble and could not share happiness.

Poetry thrives with the wind and rain, just like Taifeng Gu Feng, and the themes of Gu Feng's two poems are the same, which is probably the most likely to cause people's bitterness when it is stormy. A woman abandoned by her husband will add endless sadness and lament in the face of biting wind and rain, lamenting that "autumn wind and autumn rain make people sad."

The language of this poem is sad and euphemistic. It only describes the facts before and after being abandoned, without words of condemnation and cursing, but the meaning of blame has been fully revealed. The so-called "complaining without anger" shows that the protagonist is a kind and cowardly working woman. This also reflects that thousands of years ago, women were in a humiliating situation of oppression and had no independent personality and status.

echo

But unlike those who are poor together,

It's hard to keep out the wind and rain,

Once you calm down and smile,

But like a stranger, I don't care.

2 "Guo E"

original text

It's me, Polygonum hydropiper. Artemisia argyi is a bandit. Mourn for my parents and give birth to me.

I am a loser, but I am a thief. Mourn for my parents and give birth to me.

It is a pity that the bottle is used up. It is better to die for a long time than to live with fresh people. What if there is no father? What can I do without my mother? Get a shirt when you go out, and you're exhausted when you go in.

My father gave birth to me and my mother bowed to me. Caress me, feed me, nurture me, nurture me, take care of me, go in and out of my stomach. The virtue of wanting to repay kindness. Heaven is so chaotic!

Nanshan is fierce and the wind is blowing. I don't care, I'm alone! Nanshan method, drifting with the wind. Everyone is in the valley, I'm not alone!

interpret

Look, mugwort has grown taller, but it's not mugwort, it's mugwort. Pity my parents, it's too hard to raise me!

Look at the wormwood that snuggles up to each other, but it's not wormwood, it's Wei Pity my parents, it's too tiring to raise me!

It is a shame to fill the bottle with water, because the bottom of the bottle is empty. Living alone is boring. Might as well die early. What can I rely on without my real father? What do you depend on without your own mother? Going out for a walk is sad, and getting started is at a loss.

Dad, you gave birth to me. Mom, you raised me. You protect me, love me, support my growth, nurture me, think that I don't want to leave me, go out and hug me. I want to repay my parents' kindness, and the disasters in the old society are unpredictable!

The height of Nanshan is hard to surpass, and the biting wind is daunting. Everyone has no misfortune. Why am I the only one who was robbed? Nanshan Mountain is too high to cross, and the wind is so biting that it makes people tremble. Everyone has no misfortune, so I can't be the only one!

To annotate ...

Polygonum (lù) Polygonum: It's long and big.

E (é): A kind of grass, namely Artemisia argyi. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica: "I have many roots, commonly known as Artemisia annua." Bandit: Same as "No". I: Yes. Old (qú): The next chapter means "fatigue". Wei (wèi): A kind of grass, namely Artemisia capillaris. Bottle: Water-fetching equipment.

Qing: Exhausted. Léi: water container. Xi m \ n (xi m \ u n): refers to widowhood and loneliness.

People: people. Xun (hù): Shit. T-shirt: worried. Lift: lift. Gui: preach "caress"

Livestock: Learn "xian" and love it. Gu: Gu Nian. A: Going back means reluctant to leave. Abdomen: refers to the arm. Hao Tian: Hao Tian.

W: No.

Extreme: the norm. Fierce: like a mountain wind. Gone with the Wind: Same as Hurricane.

Fa: pronounced "dial", wind.

C: Good. Law: the same as "fierce".

Christopher: It's the same as "hair".

Pawn: eventually, it refers to the retirement of the elderly.

? Make an appreciative comment

"Preface to Mao Poetry" says that this poem "pricks the monarch, the people work hard, and the dutiful son can't be raised", but only the last sentence is correct. As for "it's hard for the people to stab the king", as Ouyang Xiu said, "it's not the poet's original intention" ("The Original Meaning of Poetry"), and the poet only expresses the extreme feeling of being unable to support his adoptive parents.

The six chapters of this poem seem to be a song mourning for parents, which has three meanings: the first two chapters are the first layer, which describes the hard work and fatigue of parents in raising "I", and the first two sentences lead to contrast. When the poet saw Artemisia and Wei, he mistakenly thought it was me, but his heart moved and he thought it was a comparison. I am delicious and have a lot of roots, so I am also called Artemisia annua, which means that people are mature and filial; Artemisia and Wei, both scattered, Artemisia is coarse and evil and inedible, Wei can neither eat nor bear fruit, so it is called Artemisia, Artemisia and useless and can not be filial. When a poet feels this, he can blame himself for his failure, but he can't always be filial. The last two sentences say that it is not easy for parents to raise themselves. They have to work hard and suffer hardships.

The middle two chapters are the second layer, which describes the son's pain of losing his parents and the parents' deep love for his son. In the first two sentences of chapter three, parents are compared with bottles, and children are compared. Because the bottle draws water from the jar, the jar is empty, and there is no water to draw water, so it is shameful. Used to show that children are ashamed of not being able to support their parents and not doing their due filial piety. The metaphor in the sentence refers to using the bottle, not the size. The following six sentences of "Xianmin" describe the lonely life and emotional torture after losing their parents. The poem "A Journey to the Orphans in Han Yuefu" says that "life is not as good as you want, so it is better to go to the underground palace early". This is the idea of being abused by your brother and sister-in-law, and this poem laments that you are lonely, helpless and miserable, entirely out of affection for your parents. The poet lived with his parents, lost his parents and the warmth of his family, so that his home seemed homeless. Cao Cui said, "Being without parents is a fresh person. When the dutiful son comes out, he will sue, but he must face it. Now he came out without telling, so he was rewarded with a shirt. I didn't see it when I went to the lobby. It was so embarrassing. " (Quoted from Dai Zhen's Supplementary Biography of Mao Poems) Understanding is of great reference value. The first six sentences in the fourth chapter describe the parents' nurturing and caressing of me, and concretize the "toil" and "fatigue" mentioned in the first two chapters. The poet used nine verbs and nine words "I" in succession, such as "life", "residence", "generation", "animal", "dragon", "ancient" and "I". My words are clumsy and sincere, my words are straightforward, I never tire of listening, and my voice is urgent, which is like crying. It is most appropriate to describe it with the lyrics of modern Beijing opera "tears, blood words". In the last two sentences of this chapter, the poet blames the sky for his great pain, because he can't support his parents and repay them with great kindness. He blames his impermanence and takes away his parents' lives, which leads to "I" wanting to repay them!

The third layer of the last two chapters comes from this and describes this misfortune. In the first two sentences, the poet jumped in the steep Nanshan he saw and the whistling wind he heard, creating a hard and desolate atmosphere, symbolizing the great pain and desolation of his parents' death, and externalizing the poet's sad mood. The four words of entering tone overlap: fierce, angry, dharma and crouching, which aggravates grief and sounds like sobs. The last two sentences are helpless grievances.

The alternate use of fu and pen is a major feature of this poem. The three expressive techniques are flexible in use, echoing back and forth, lyrical and ups and downs, and reciprocating, conveying lonely sadness, which can be described as a jade plate with pearls falling, flowing clouds and flowing water, and strong artistic appeal. Biography of filial piety in the Book of Jin records that he was executed without charge for hurting his father and lived in seclusion as a professor. "It's not a bad thing to read poetry until' I lost my parents and gave birth to me'. His master was abolished." In Biography of Shu Qi Gaoyi, Gu Huan was a disciple of Tiantai Mountain. Because of his loneliness in his early years, he had to hold a book and cry every time he read a poem to mourn his parents, so he abandoned Guo E. Similar records still exist, so it is unnecessary to list them one by one. It is one of the virtues of the Chinese nation for children to support and honor their parents, and it should actually be the moral obligation of human society. This poem is the first literary work to express this virtue with rich emotions, which has a great influence on later generations. It is often cited not only in poetry and prose, but also in imperial edicts. This shows the influence of The Book of Songs on the formation of national psychology and national spirit.

echo

The hardships of parents raising their children,

Wandering hearts are hard to show,

I've been so busy these years,

My eyes are full of nostalgia.

3 "Dadong"

original text

Guigui cuisine is in full swing, and jujube trees are bent long. The road is as flat as a millstone and as straight as a shaft. Wang Can only stared at him on the road. Looking back, I feel sad and tears wet my skirt.

The fabric of the loom is empty, far and near the East. How can you freeze your feet with hemp sandals? Proud, playboy, the road is crowded with cars. Coming and going taught me heartache, such as heartbroken.

The spring water is cool, and firewood is cut to be baptized. Sadness can't sleep, long sigh, pity us patients. Cut off branches for firewood and go back to the truck. Poor us, patients, should rest.

Children in eastern countries, hard service, no one asked. Zhou people's bad clothes are gorgeous and fresh. It is the boatman's son, and the bear's bear is on him. The children of those slaves are all servants in the yamen.

Some people drink alcohol, while others don't drink rice paste. Yuan, not only Germany has expertise. Look at the Milky Way on that day, sparkling and shining. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day.

Even if the weaver girl is busy, she can't knit a stripe well. The morning glory is shiny, and the cart can't be pulled to load the box. Venus is called Venus in the East and Chang Gung in the West. Biba star bends long and the net is on the road.

The dustpan star is in the south, so you can't winnow the chaff. There is also a ladle, which can't be used to scoop wine. The dustpan star is in the south, with a big tongue. There is the South Big Dipper in the north, to the west and east of the handle.

? interpret

Although the farmer's round basket is full of cooked food, there are curved spoons made of prickly branches on it. Tongjing Avenue is as flat as a millstone and as straight as an arrow. Princes and nobles can stroll on it, and grass people can only stare at it with empty eyes. I recall these things with grief and indignation, and I can't help but burst into tears and get soaked.

Far from Kyoto, the shuttle on the loom is empty. Wang wore ge shoes and tied them with thick hemp thread, but he had no choice but to step on the frost barefoot. On the contrary, those frivolous sons and brothers swaggered on the wide road. They come and go boldly, and their shameless appearance breaks my heart.

It's freezing on the edge of the mountain spring, so don't soak the newly cut firewood. I woke up in a night's dream, sighed anxiously and secretly sympathized with my patients and hard-working people. Cut down these firewood of different lengths, or load them into the car and carry them home. I secretly pity those who are sick and tired. I deserve a moment's rest to settle down. The subjects of a big country and a small eastern country are always suffering, and no one comes to comfort them.

Princes and nobles in western vassal countries all wear bright and luxurious clothes. It's boat people who ferry for a living, five people, six people wearing bear leather clothes. There are also children of the official to Li, and any official position can be re-recorded. Orientals may think it's fine wine, while western nobles don't think it's sweet syrup. The gift for the oriental people is exquisite Yu Pei, but the western aristocrats don't think it is a treasure.

Looking up at the bright Milky Way in the sky, it shines like a mirror. I saw the three-legged Vega, changing and running seven times all day and all night. Although busy day and night, I can't weave a beautiful article after all. Look at the bright Altair again, you can't pull a carriage like a real cow on earth.

Whether it's the morning star in the eastern sky, the Long Geng star in the western sky, or the sky with a long and crooked star beside the Milky Way. Although the dustpan star shines in the southern sky, it can't be used to raise chaff. Although the sky in the north is full of stars, it can't be used to treat wine pulp like a bucket. Although the white star shines in the southern sky, it just sticks out its long tongue. Although the sky in the north is full of stars, it is like holding a long handle from west to east.

To annotate ...

Méng: Everything you eat is appearance.

Ancient: An ancient food container with a round mouth, round feet, a lid and a seat, made of bronze or pottery, used by the ruling class.

(ū n): cooked food, dinner. Yi (qíu): It's long and curved.

Spine dagger: a spoon made of jujube wood. Zhou Dao: Avenue.

Polishing: sharpening stone, used to describe smooth roads.

Gentleman: a person in the ruling class, as opposed to the "villain" in the next sentence. A villain is a person who is ruled.

Juàn: Like Ju Ran, I am attached to the past.

Shān: Tears.

Xiaodong Dadong: The Western Zhou Dynasty took Haojing as the center, and collectively referred to the eastern vassal countries as the eastern countries. According to the distance, the nearest one was Xiaodong, and the farthest one was Dadong.

Zhuoyou (zh zhóu): the shuttle of the loom; Grapefruit, the same as the "axis", is the big axis of the loom; Collectively referred to as looms. Correction: tangled appearance.

Kudzu vine: kudzu vine cloth can be made from kudzu vine, kudzu grass and stem bark; Hey, shoes.

Ke: Pass on "He" (Yu Yue's words).

I (tiāo) I: I am relaxed and frivolous.

Háng: same as "Zhou Dao".

All right, we're on our way.

Guǐ spring: a long and narrow spring that flows out from the side when the spring flow is blocked.

Paid: chopping wood. According to Wang Zongshi's classified interpretation of The Book of Songs, "fire" is an excuse of "East", that is, elm trees, such as thorns in the Book of Songs and chestnuts for firewood.

Behavior: Worried about appearance.

Sigh: sigh without sleep.

Fear: Like carbuncle, fatigue and pain become a disease.

Labor: engage in labor.

Lai: The word "cut" is borrowed for comfort. Or for the "cloud" to borrow words, reward. All passed.

Westerners: Zhou people.

Boatman: Jian Zheng: "A boat is like a week." When it comes to the people of Zhou, they are the lowest people in the Zhou Dynasty.

Bear skin is fur: a fur robe made of bear skin and horse bear skin. As soon as this remark came out, he said that "autumn is chasing", which means hunting bears. Both theories make sense.

Private: domestic slaves.

You are Li Hebai's servant.

Flesh: rice pulp.

Zhuā n: Describe the jade circle (or long circle).

Suí: Nobles wear inlaid jewels. Not because of the length, but because of the reason. Long, good.

Jian Zheng: "Pei's official career suddenly prospered, and he did not do his best. He was beautiful and immoral, and he stabbed his vegetarian meal."

Han: Galaxy.

Producer: Tong Jian, Zhao.

Qí: Same as "Qi", bifurcated.

Weaver Girl: The name of a constellation consisting of three stars, which is triangular and located on the north side of the Milky Way.

Seven items: seven shifts. The ancients divided the day into twelve hours, from Shi Mao to Youyou into seven hours, and Vega moved every hour.

Report: report and reply refer to the reciprocating weaving of shuttle thread on loom; Chapter two, warp and weft texture. If you can't make a newspaper, you can't weave.

Me (Hu ǐ n): I have a shiny appearance.

Petunia: The name of a constellation consisting of three stars, also known as Hegu Star, commonly known as Altair, is located on the south side of the Milky Way.

Luggage: carried by car. Clothing, load; Box, bucket.

Qi Ming and Chang Gung: Venus (also known as Taibai Star) is called Qi Ming in the East in the morning and Chang Gung in the West at night.

Tianbi: The constellation composed of Bi Xing and eight stars looks like a net for catching rabbits. The handle is small and long.

S: Zhang.

Dustpan star: commonly known as dustpan star, it is a constellation consisting of four stars, which looks like dustpan, and the dustpan mouth is located between two distant stars.

Dou: Nandou constellation, located in the north of Jixing.

Yi: spoon. I: attraction. Suck your tongue. The dustpan star has a narrow bottom and a big mouth, as if it were swallowed by sucking its tongue inward. Lucy handle: Nandou constellation is a bucket with a handle, and the celestial body moves, and its handle is often in the west.

Lift it up. Lift it up. This sentence describes that the west holds the handle of the East.

Make an appreciative comment

This is a long poem. The whole poem is closely structured and distinct, echoing before and after. Through comparison and metaphor, the plight of the people in the East and the poet's anger and passion for struggle are shown from the real world, not the illusory starry sky. The train of thought is progressive and strange, and the meaning is rich and profound.

The first chapter is "food". From Passion to the Relationship with Zhou Dao. From the different circumstances of "gentleman" and "villain", the poet's sadness is expressed.

The second chapter is about clothes. Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs said: "Pomelo is empty, this sentence is actually written." All the cloth on the loom is collected, Wang is wearing broken sandals and stepping on the frost, and his sons are still squeezing blood to make a detour. This revelation is quite profound.

The third chapter is about labor. Take firewood as a metaphor, which means that people who are tired should recuperate. Yan can explain the Book of Poetry: "If you pay for it, you must expose it and then use it. If you soak in a cold spring, it will get wet. Yumin should be given a pension and then used. If you are trapped in an authoritarian government, you will be tired and unable to win. "

The fourth chapter writes that the treatment is unfair. "The sons of the East can't work hard", while "the sons of the West can make clothes"; Even the people at the end of the Zhou Dynasty were "bears for hills", and the children of domestic slaves were "trying". Through such a typical image contrast, it reflects the disparity of unequal social, economic and political status between the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the conquered peoples in the East.

The fifth chapter is the transition of the whole poem. The first half continues to write about unfair social phenomena. Zheng said to him, "Pei's success is not his talent. It is beautiful, without virtue, and it is vegetarian. " In the second half, he naturally turned his eyes to the sky. Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs said: "Where there is Han, there is light in prison. These two sentences do not have to be meaningful. Covered in the middle of the night, looking up at the sky and sighing, I saw that there was light in the Tianhe River, that is, what I saw to express my sorrow. " The following two sentences are also a feeling of heaven. "Let the Weaver Girl, fragrant flowers all day for seven days" is the echo of the second chapter "You can't make a newspaper", which leads to the next chapter "Don't make a newspaper". This chapter is a link between the past and the future, and the transition is natural.

Chapter 6 Facing the colorful starry sky, galloping imagination. The poet complained that the weaver girl could not weave cloth or silk, and Petunia could not pull or transport the cart. He was poor in the morning and poor in the evening, and laughed at Bi Xing for putting a net on the road for nothing. The whole moving celestial body can't solve the difficulties for the king.

Chapter 7 gives a more in-depth description of constellation images. Analysis of Wang Xianqian's Collection of Three Poets: "Although the last four sentences are the same as the last four, they are divided into two meanings. Stab on the air, stab on the people. "The dustpan star can't winnow rice bran, and the southern bucket star can't scoop wine pulp, which are all nominal. Moreover, the dustpan star opened its mouth and spit out a long tongue, and the bucket star raised its handle from west to east. For example, Ouyang Xiu's "The Original Meaning of Poetry" explains: "It is not only useless to skip, but to eat with your mouth open; "If you fight the West, you will get something from the East." Such "complaining about heaven" is just complaining about reality, revealing that the so-called "heaven" is serving the Zhou Dynasty and squeezing the king of the East. This ending deepens the theme.

Symbolism, metaphor, sharp contrast and rich fantasy imagination are the artistic features of this poem. "Fantastic" in Wu Kaisheng's poem "A Yi Hui Pass" refers to the unrestrained imagination and strange metaphors, which create rich and strange images, fly from the human world to the starry sky and from the starry sky to the human world, combine the real world with the fantasy world, and integrate the realistic description with the romantic imagination. Wu's "the first sound of Ci and Fu" just pointed out the far-reaching influence of this artistic technique on Qu Yuan's Fu.

echo

Living and working together under the stars,

The west is expensive, the east is tired, and complaints abound.

Nothing in the stars is in vain,

All I know is that the world is in extreme panic.