Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease caused by hypertension and arteriosclerosis, which is common in middle-aged and elderly people. Its morbidity and disability rate are high, which seriously affects the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Besides medication, a reasonable diet is also important for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. ?
When stroke patients are in stable condition, but have different degrees of consciousness disorder and dysphagia, they should adopt nasal feeding diet, such as thick rice soup, soybean milk, milk, fresh vegetable juice and fruit juice, or a homogenized diet with 5 ~ 6 times 1000 ~ 2000 ml. Food should not be too hot or too cold, and 37℃ ~ 39℃ is appropriate. The raw materials needed to make a homogeneous meal are 600 ml of fresh milk, eggs 1 piece, 50 g of lean meat, 350 ml of rice soup, 250 g of vegetables, 50 g of sugar, 0/0 g of sesame oil/kloc-0, and 3 g of salt. After mixing and cooking, food can be homogenized by high-speed electric masher or hand grinding. The homogeneous diet above 1000ml contains protein 36g, fat 40g, sugar 125g and calories 4 184 kj( 1000 kcal). If the patient is complicated with diabetes, he should avoid eating sugar. ?
If stroke patients are conscious, but sometimes choke when eating, they should be given a pasty diet, which consists of steamed egg soup, rotten noodles with minced meat and vegetables, milk washed with lotus root starch, fruit paste or mashed food for patients to eat. 2? Can a low-salt and high-protein diet prevent and treat stroke?
Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Whether the diet is reasonable or not is related to the incidence of this disease. Some scholars in Japan pointed out that the elderly can prevent the death caused by stroke by insisting on eating a low-salt and high-protein diet. ?
The occurrence of stroke has a long and gradual evolution process, and one of the common reasons is long-term suffering from hypertension. According to the survey, the incidence of hypertension and stroke is also high in high salinity areas. According to the relevant data in the United States, the incidence of hypertension is15g of salt per day; If the daily amount of salt is increased by 2 times, the incidence of hypertension will also increase by 2 times. Experiments show that urine sodium excretion is positively correlated with blood pressure. At present, low salt is considered to be a simple and effective measure to prevent and treat hypertension internationally. According to the observation, about13 patients' blood pressure decreased after salt reduction, even without taking antihypertensive drugs. ?
In addition, according to related research, when the ratio of plasma albumin to globulin is high, stroke can be prevented. The principle of high protein in preventing stroke may be to directly lower blood pressure, increase urinary sodium excretion and improve the elasticity and permeability of blood vessel wall through nerve center regulation. The population survey shows that the incidence of hypertension and stroke of fishermen who eat a lot of fish protein is lower than that of mountain residents who eat ordinary food, and the sodium excretion of the former is also higher than that of the latter. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension should, on the one hand, take proper exercise and active treatment under the guidance of medical staff, and on the other hand, it is appropriate to eat a low-salt and high-protein diet. Pay more attention to protein food (such as fish, egg white, skim milk, soy protein, etc.). ) contains less fat. Of course, we should add fresh vegetables and fruits to our diet in a balanced way and reduce the intake of salt (3-4 grams per day is appropriate). Besides, we must make up our minds to give up smoking and drinking. 3? Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium?
Hypertension is one of the common diseases that endanger the health of middle-aged and elderly people. If you don't pay attention to prevention, it may lead to diseases such as stroke. According to the third national hypertension sampling survey, the prevalence rate of hypertension among people over 5 years old in China is 1 1? 19%, which is about 25% higher than the investigated 1979. It is estimated that there are more than 80 million hypertensive patients in China. ?
Experts in the United States and Japan have found that after people enter middle-aged and old age, due to the decrease of hormone level, the imbalance of sodium-calcium exchange, the excessive stagnation of sodium in the body and the accumulation of calcium in vascular smooth muscle, this is one of the reasons leading to the increase of peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension. Eating more foods rich in calcium and potassium on weekdays can promote the excretion of sodium in the body, adjust the ratio of sodium to calcium in cells, reduce vascular tension, maintain the normal vasomotor response of arterial blood vessels, and protect the heart, thus avoiding the occurrence of stroke. ?
According to nutritionists, milk and dairy products are the first foods rich in calcium. Every 500g of fresh milk contains about 500mg of calcium. Compared with people with normal blood pressure, patients with hypertension often consume too little calcium, potassium, vitamins A and C, which seems to be related to their dislike of dairy products. ?
Fruits rich in potassium include bananas, watermelons, honeydew melons, oranges, pears and peaches. Vegetables include potatoes, beans and mushrooms; Seafood includes laver, kelp, shrimp, scallop and mussel. ?
Middle-aged and elderly people should pay more attention to eating foods rich in calcium and potassium in daily life, fully understand the relationship between diet and health care, try to eliminate various factors leading to hypertension and avoid the occurrence of stroke.
In the prevention and treatment of hypertension, reducing salt intake is more effective than supplementing potassium salt and calcium salt. The amount of salt per person per day should not exceed 6 grams, and all seasonings containing more sodium and salt should be used less. ? 4? Drinking alcohol can easily lead to stroke?
Stroke can be divided into two categories: hemorrhagic and ischemic. Cerebral atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of stroke, and hypertension is an important factor leading to cerebral atherosclerosis. ?
The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke is mostly due to the sudden rise of blood, which leads to the rupture of cerebral atherosclerotic hemangioma or cerebral vascular congenital malformation. Long-term drinking, especially hard liquor, will lead to high blood pressure. With the increase of alcohol consumption, the incidence of hypertension will increase accordingly. Drinking alcohol can lead to hemorrhagic stroke in patients with hypertension, and drinking alcohol can lead to hemorrhagic stroke in young people. According to statistics, the incidence of stroke in alcoholics is more than 40 times that of moderate drinkers, and hemorrhagic strokes occur after drinking, most of which are serious and the acute mortality rate is extremely high. ?
Long-term heavy drinking can increase the risk of ischemic stroke by 20% ~ 30%. The influence of drinking is not the increase of blood pressure, but the increase of blood viscosity, the decrease of erythrocyte elasticity and the increase of platelet aggregation, which is easy to form thrombosis. Drinking will also affect the automatic regulation of cerebral circulation, leading to a decrease in cerebral blood flow and promoting the occurrence of cerebral infarction. In addition, drinking can affect the cardiovascular system, increase the burden on the heart, aggravate myocardial ischemia, induce myocardial infarction and arrhythmia, make the thrombus formed in other parts of the cardiovascular system fall off, enter the cerebral circulation with the blood flow, block a branch of the cerebral artery, and cause cerebral embolism. Therefore, no matter middle-aged or young people, especially patients with hypertension, don't drink too much to avoid stroke. ?
5? What dietary taboos do stroke patients have in recovery period?
The diet of patients with stroke in convalescence often needs to formulate various dietary taboo schemes according to their different syndrome characteristics to guide dialectical eating, so that these foods are conducive to the recovery of the disease in application. According to the experience of Chinese medicine dietotherapy, there are the following taboos in the diet during the recovery period of stroke: (1) patients with yang deficiency or cold syndrome should not eat cold food; Patients with yin deficiency or heat syndrome should not eat spicy and warm food. (2) Patients should avoid overeating, and should not be partial to five flavors or too greasy, greasy, smelly and fried; Don't smoke or drink too much. (3) Patients with fever should avoid spicy and greasy foods, such as ginger, pepper, fat, alcohol, etc. After the initial recovery of fever, avoid greasy, meat and spicy food, such as donkey meat, horse meat, pork, garlic and onions. (4) Patients with stomach diseases should avoid eating products that hinder the stomach, such as indigestible fat, fish, vegetables and irritating food. People who vomit acid due to stomach trouble should not eat sour food, such as vinegar and sauerkraut. ?
(5) People with diarrhea should avoid eating cold fruits and vegetables, and avoid eating cold fruits, fruits and animal blood after dysentery.