Engineering overview
Farewell to Dong Chuan is a poem by Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty. The first sentence of this poem was written by Dong Chuan, who wore thick silk and coarse cloth and praised Dong Chuan for being poor but diligent in reading, so his spiritual temperament was extraordinary. Zhuan Xu wrote that Dong Chuan was tired of studying and was busy preparing for the exam, indicating that Dong Chuan was not willing to be poor and hoped to get ahead through the imperial examination. The Necklace Association encouraged Dong Chuan with two allusions. Although he can't see flowers on horseback like Meng Jiao, he has the opportunity to be dazzled by the "husband car". William continued to encourage Dong Chuan, hoping that one day Dong Chuan would hold his head high and become the first in 20 10, boasting about the secular world. The whole poem is implicit and uses allusions skillfully, interweaving the layers of contradictions between Dong Chuan's rags and economic hardship, poverty and embarrassment and the author's good wishes, which produces a strong contrast and gives people a deep impression. Among them, the phrase "I am proud of my soul with poetry in my belly" is widely read and well known.
original work
Say goodbye to Dong
I am full of life, I am full of poems and books.
Tired of cooking leaves with old Confucianism, it is better to step on Sophora japonica with children.
If it's empty, you can't find a spring horse or see a car.
Proud of the secular, Sun Wong wet words such as crow.
Sentence annotation
(1) Dongchuan: a native of Luoyang (now Henan), who once made friends with Su Shi in Fengxiang, had deep feelings.
⑵ zēng: thick silk. Dabu: refers to ancient coarse cloth. "Zuo Zhuan Gong Min Two Years": "Wei Wengong is a big cloth, the crown of big silk." Du Pre-note: "Big cloth, coarse cloth." Wrap: This refers to experience. Career: the situation and process of life. The text "Master Zhuangzi": "My life is limited, and my knowledge is limited."
⑶ Poetry books: originally referred to The Book of Songs and The Book of History, generally referred to books. This refers to talent and knowledge. Qi: refers to the external mental outlook of people. Hua: This refers to people's elegant temperament.
(4) Old Confucianism: the title of old students. Leaf of water chestnut: The leaf of water chestnut can be eaten as a vegetable. According to reports, there were more than 500 students in Liu Kun during the Eastern Han Dynasty, who offered sacrifices twice a year in the spring and autumn. They often prepare various ceremonies and use leaves as sacrifices. Zan, gourd, wax gourd, etc.
5] strong: reluctantly. Juzi: Refers to the scholars who are recommended to take the exam. Stepping on Sophora japonica: a study of autumn in the old society. In summer, Sophora japonica turns yellow, so I am busy preparing for the exam. So there is a proverb "Sophora japonica is yellow, so I am busy".
[6] bag empty: language "Nan Shi? "The Story of Dangerous Drama": "I'm playing in a small house, and I'm still embarrassed to give up my seat. Gaudi took the body and looked at it himself, but it was dark and sharp and was broken by the awn. Q:' How many years have you been here?' The joke said,' When Brown was first released, he went to the north to buy it for him. It has been 30 years since I wrote this book, but the poor have never done an easy thing. "Empty pockets, empty pockets, metaphor without money. Spring-seeking horse: the custom of wearing hairpin flowers and riding a horse to welcome the spring in the Tang Dynasty. Jiao's "After Graduation" wrote, "Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and you can see all the Chang 'an flowers in one day".
(7) Choosing a husband's car: it is the custom of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. On the day of the list release, the new Jinshi will hold a banquet in Qujiang, and the bureaucrats will arrange horses and chariots to choose their spouses. This sentence implies that Dong Chuan is not married.
Pride: that is, "proud of the spring breeze", which means winning the yellow list.
(9) imperial edict: imperial edict. Because the imperial edict is written in jute paper, it is called. Write like a crow: often scrawled or scrawled, here refers to the black words written on the imperial edict. It is said that Lu Tong's Shi Tian Ding in the Tang Dynasty "suddenly turned his conviction into ink, like an old crow smearing a poem".
Vernacular translation
Wear coarse silk and coarse cloth on weekdays, and all knowledge in your heart is elegant and glorious.
Tired of living a light life with the old gentleman, I decided to take the imperial examination with the candidates.
If you have no money in your pocket, don't buy those big horses, just look at the dazzling "car selection" with your eyes.
You can brag to secular people when you are on the imperial list in high school, and your name will be written in crow black.
Creation background
"Farewell to Dong" is a farewell poem written in December of the first year of Song Yingzong Zhiping (1064), when Su Shi dismissed from office and Fengxiang signed a sentence to go to Bianjing, passing through Chang 'an and making a farewell visit with his friend Dong Chuan. According to legend, this poem was written in the seventh year of Jiayou in Song Renzong (1062).
In the sixth year of Jiayou in Song Renzong (106 1), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is commonly called "three-year Beijing inspection", got the third grade, and was awarded the judge of Fengxiang House in Dali. Dong Chuan made friends with him. The two often talk about the past and discuss the present together, and they know each other very well. Su Shi deeply felt that the young Dong Chuan was not only outstanding in poetry, but also good at commenting on poetry. As for Dong Chuan's knowledge and poetic talent, in A Song of Shang Han Gong Wei, Su Shi once had a high evaluation: "He is an inexperienced person, but he is a calm and good reader." His words are desolate and dusty, and there are only a few people who can compare with the world in poetry and Chu Ci. "Unfortunately, Dong Chuan was sentenced to life imprisonment. Therefore, this time, Su Shi wrote this poem to wish and comfort Dong Chuan.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem praises Dong Chuan's ambition and wishes him success in the imperial list. The whole poem uses allusions skillfully, which is implicit and meaningful. Among them, the phrase "I am proud of my soul with poetry in my belly" is widely read and well known.
"My life is wrapped in thick cloth, and my stomach is full of poems and books." At the beginning of the poem, a famous sentence that has been handed down through the ages was sung, and the relationship between reading and personal cultivation was explained classically. "Coarse cloth" shows that Dong Chuan's family is poor and can't afford the silks and satins that ordinary scholars wear. It also shows that Dong Chuan is not a vain person. The poet's description of Dong Chuan is not to laugh at his poverty, but to sincerely praise Dong's willingness to eat poorly and dress poorly, and to read good books and strive for progress. A Career vividly describes Dong Chuan's poverty. In particular, the word "wrapped" is extremely vivid and has a sense of picture, vividly depicting the image of a poor man who loves reading even though he is naked and hungry. "There are poems in the belly", and poets love reading, so they naturally understand the usefulness of reading. So these four words are intended to explain where a person's elegant temperament comes from. It turns out that the function of reading is not only to possess knowledge, but also to enhance people's spiritual realm. Reading can make people get rid of low taste and cultivate elegant and refined gorgeous temperament. "Qi", that is, "temperament", is a person's mental outlook and elegant behavior from the inside out. "Hua" is a temperament that can only come from self-cultivation, a gorgeous appearance that others can't copy or imitate, and an appearance that makes others feel that you are not an ordinary person but a person worthy of respect when they see you; This is a noble temperament that emanates from the bones. This temperament has nothing to do with money and power. It is a kind of elegance that you have learned and refined. "Zi" is the focus of the whole sentence. Emphasizing that gorgeous temperament is cultivated by oneself is the inevitable result of reading a lot of poetry books. It organically links "poetry in the belly" and "qi Hua", making them mutually causal. At the same time, progress clarifies a simple truth: no matter how poor a person is, as long as he studies hard, he will eventually become full of energy and extraordinary temperament.
"It is better to be tired of cooking leaves with old Confucianism than to tread on Sophora japonica", praising Dong Chuan for his poor quality but pursuing progress, which shows that Dong Chuan is a man with lofty aspirations. "Being tired of company" corresponds to "being forced to follow", "old Confucianism" corresponds to "raising children" and "boiling leaves" corresponds to "stepping on Sophora japonica". Through this comparison, Dong Chuan's sunshine psychology is explained. At the same time, Boiling Leaves borrows allusions from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Leaves, which more vividly depicts Dong Chuan's thirst for new knowledge.
"You can't find a spring horse with an empty pocket, but you can't look at your husband's car." Although you comfort your friend Dong Chuan with humorous and sincere language, poverty will not affect your high school imperial list. As long as you can get into the top, you don't have to ride a horse, but you will still be attracted by girls from powerful families. Meng Jiao's allusion to "after graduating from college" in "Seeking Spring Horse" shows that once a person graduates from college, even if he has no money to buy a horse, it will be easy for people to find that he "sees all the Chang 'an flowers in one day" like Meng Jiao, and once again emphasizes the importance of reading for a poor child. ""Choosing a husband's car "borrowed Wang's book Tang Ji 'ang. On the day when the Tang Dynasty Jinshi became a monk, all officials and officials who had daughters to get married visited their nests to encourage Dong Chuan to make positive progress. At the same time, it also describes a social state at that time. It is generally recognized that scholars and even the whole society attach great importance to the Imperial Examination. Although "blind reading" means some ridicule, it truly reflects the social reality that "there is Yan Ruyu in the book and a golden house in the book".
"Being proud of the world, writing to Sun Wong is as wet as a crow." I continue to encourage and wish Dong Chuan to keep his title with gold, so that those who think that his family is poor and despise him can see his pride. The last two sentences seem to contradict the beginning "smug with poetic spirit". In fact, whether for a country, a nation or an individual, "poverty" is always a "curse" that restricts its development. Therefore, the poet was not free from vulgarity and criticized this social phenomenon at that time.
The language of the whole poem is simple and humorous; The antithesis is neat, but it pays great attention to the use of allusions; Moreover, the ingenious and wonderful use of allusions can be called a master among masters; The implication is implicit, but it profoundly describes the social reality. It shows that the poet has rich experience in social life and is good at integrating the phenomena in life into his poetry creation, which just corresponds to the profound truth that "art comes from life, but it is higher than life".
Famous comments
Tan Yuanchun's Selected Poems of Dongpo in Ming Dynasty:' I am full of poems and praise myself', which makes people dare not praise Tsinghua's spirit in vain, and the language is wonderful. "
Gao Maiting's Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Late Qing Dynasty: "(The first two sentences) float in the air, like holding your head high."
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer in the Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Jia You Jinshi He ever wrote a letter to argue the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's new law, and was later sent to the censorate for satirizing the new law with poetry and demoted to Huangzhou. Song Zhezong, a bachelor of Hanlin, is a native of Yingzhou, and is an official of the Ministry of Rites. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. Take multiple measures at the same time. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Knowledgeable, like to reward backwardness. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, he was called "Su San". His prose is arbitrary, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems have a wide range of themes, fresh and vigorous, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique style. He and Huang Tingjian are also called "Su Huang". Bold words, and Xin Qiji called "Su Xin". He is also engaged in painting and calligraphy. There are Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu and so on.