Zhuangzi is an anthology of Zhuang Zhou and his later studies. Zhuangzi, also known as Nanhuajing, is one of the Taoist classics. According to Hanshu? Zhuangzi: 52 articles. Today, there are 33 articles, including 7 internal articles, 5 external articles1and miscellaneous articles 1 1, all of which are Guo Xiang's notes. The thought, structure and writing of the inner chapter are consistent, and it is generally believed that Zhuang Zhou wrote it himself. Foreign Miscellaneous Articles are all works of later learning, and even belong to individual chapters of other schools, with many differences in ideas and internal articles. For example, in philosophy, there is not only idealism nothingness, but also some materiality and materialism; Politically, sometimes it advocates absolute inaction, sometimes it advocates inaction above and promising below; In his attitude towards life, he sometimes preached mixed times and sometimes advocated avoiding the world; In his outlook on life, he sometimes advocates lust and sometimes indulgence; In the attitude towards other schools, sometimes they insist on mixing, and sometimes they are tit for tat. These differences reflect the development and differentiation of Taoist schools under the situation of social change from the mid-Warring States period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and also reflect the mutual infiltration among various schools. On the whole, however, the Zhuangzi School's basic tendencies are idealism ontology, relativism circulation theory, cognitive agnosticism, political views of inaction and nihilism philosophy of life. At the same time, there are many dialectical factors in the book, especially the exposure and criticism of the dark side of society, which spare no effort and are very profound.

author

Zhuang Zhou (about 369? Before 286), he was a Mongolian in the Song Dynasty (now the northeast of Shangqiu County, Henan Province). At the same time, he and Liang, and are both officials of the paint garden. Wen Qixian, who was hired as the prime minister, spent his whole life without Chu Weiwang. Acting all his life

literariness

Zhuangzi is also an excellent literary work. Although the author wants to explain the mysterious paradise, but because of its? Take the world as the heavy turbidity and don't talk to Zhuang? , so? Take words as spreading, words as truth, and fables as wide as possible? ("On Earth"), especially the extensive use of fables, depicts an abstract and foggy paradise as if it had a feeling. Other books also use fables, but most of them are quoted from historical legends and folk stories; Zhuangzi? Fable nineteen? Most of them are made up by the author. Most of the fables in other books are short stories, and the discussion is inserted for metaphor or argument; And some fables in Zhuangzi are developed into articles, and the author's comments are put into the mouth of the story characters. Such as "Stealing Feet", "Autumn Water" and "Saying Sword", all of them? A person's name, language, or message? (Liu Xiang "don't record"). These fables are similar to short stories, with fictional characters and story lines, actions and dialogues, portraits and expressions, which are quite different from some conversation quotations based on records in Mozi and Mencius. This is the beginning of consciously using fictional means to create images in the history of China literature. The author is good at describing things in detail when creating images. For example, the angry flying of Dapeng (happy travel), the bravery of the giant fish (foreign objects), the satisfaction of his ambition (quilt) and the ingenuity of the mountain (Xu Wugui) are all vivid; Li Feng's works are full of enthusiasm (On Wuqi), and the Yellow Emperor's Xianchi Music is full of emotion (Tian Yun). Skillful hands know the cow (master of health care), Bole Li Ma (horseshoe), carrying a lame shoulder (Sheng Da), Zhuang Danque (mountain tree), painting the whole history (Tian Zifang) and Yuanxian Julu (Jean Wang) are all vivid. As for the god who shoots mountains (Wandering around), Nan Qi who lives in seclusion (Theory of Everything), the pot that can break the seasonal salt and visit transportation (Emperor) and the man who shoots danger (Tian Zifang), these absurd images can also be seen from the description. In short, space, rivers and seas, birds and animals, music, situation, portraits, psychology, words and deeds are all different? Refers to things? ("Historical Records? Biography of Lao Fei), lifelike, greatly opened up the realm of art.

trait

Zhuangzi is also famous for its rich imagination and flexible structure. ? With absurd words, absurd words, gratuitous cliff words, sometimes it is not arrogant or strange. ? Although his book is handsome, it doesn't even hurt; Although his handwriting is uneven and impressive? (world). This is the confession of the author's writing characteristics. Open-minded, broad-minded, unrestrained, magnificent and humorous. Dapeng spreads its wings in Wan Li, the North Sea is as ethereal as a valley (autumn water), and it captures the foot vividly (capture the foot), and Zhuang Zhou and become a butterfly (the theory of everything). All these show that the author does not reproduce life according to the true nature of real life, but uses rich imagination, bizarre exaggeration, and a lot of metaphors and personification techniques to express his feelings freehand. In the conception of writing, it is open and closed, and there is no trace of transfer. Literary and artistic thoughts jump, scattered and restrained, and open and close for no reason, which makes readers feel lost, just as Liu Xizai said. The beauty of writing is that it can fly. Zhuangzi, Peng Yue? Fly in anger? , today's view of its text, unprovoked, unprovoked, what? Fly? Machine. ? ("Art?" Wen Jian ")

Full of lyricism is also a major feature of Zhuangzi's prose. The author must be enthusiastic when describing or commenting on the ideal figures of Taoism. Such as saying? Guan Yin, Lao Dan, and the vastness of ancient times! ? ("Human") However, as for bad kings, fake kings and fame and fortune, they are as evil as enemies, and they often give bitter satire and ruthless exposure. Dare he say? Whoever steals a hook is punished, and whoever steals a country is a vassal. Governors and the Gate of Justice? . Direct call? Cut the trip to Zeng Shi, so as not to clip Yang's mouth? ,? The sacred law of the world? ("Yu"). Cao Shangguan asked to be regarded as hemorrhoids (column imperial mouth), and Hui Shi was compared to rotten rats (autumn water). Love or hate, praise or belittle, laugh and curse, penetrate. The ever-changing style of Zhuangzi is always inseparable from the author's self-expression. Oaks, fish, butterflies, fishermen, wild horses, turtles, etc. They all have Zhuang Zhou's character, which reflects a certain mental state of Zhuang Zhou. So although it is a theoretical article, it feels fascinating to read. Among them, horseshoe and jacket can be regarded as lyric sketches. In addition, the rich vocabulary, flexible sentence patterns, ingenious conception, numerous rhymes and good metaphors are beyond the reach of contemporary writers. So Lu Xun thought:? He wrote about the Bihe River in Wang Yang, which was personable, and the works of the late Zhou philosophers could not be the first. ? (Outline of China Literature History)

affect

Zhuangzi had a great influence on literature. Since Song Yu, Jia Yi and Sima Qian, almost all the great writers of past dynasties have been influenced by it. Ideologically, he still adopts a cynical attitude and does not associate with the rulers; Let it be. Pessimism and self-mockery. For the art of "Zhuangzi", either admire or imitate, or draw on it and turn it into your own will. Ruan Ji, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai and Su Shi absorbed a lot of nutrition from Zhuangzi both ideologically and artistically.

In Zhuangzi, both Lieyukou and Sam made it clear that Zhuang Zhou had disciples, but their names were not handed down. Traces of Zhuangzi School can be found in Guanzi Heart Sutra, Hanfeizi Avenue and Yangquan, especially in many chapters of Lu Chunqiu and Huainanzi. It seems that in Chu and Qin areas, its learning is quite popular. The Qin Dynasty specialized in the rule of law, while the Han Dynasty only admired Confucianism, so it didn't admire the book Zhuangzi very much. This book has been very popular since it was published in The Three Kingdoms, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. Chen shou's reflection? Shu Wei? The Biography of Cao Zhi tells the words of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, while the Biography of Wang Shen tells Ruan Ji's Zhuang Zhou model and Ji Kang's words of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. So Cui, Xiang Xiu, Guo Xiang, Sima Biao and others followed suit and changed customs? ("Hong's Morning Reading Record"). What did Zhuang Zhou do during the Sui and Tang Dynasties? South China real person? , in "Zhuangzi" for? South China True Sutra? Note that the wind of "Zhuang" is gradually rising. Cheng's Annotation to the South China True Classics focuses on exegesis. Later, Chu Boxiu's Compilation of Southern China's Zhen Jing Yi Hai in Song Dynasty, Jiao's Zhuangzi Wing in Ming Dynasty, Guo Qingfan's Zhuangzi Collection and Zhuangzi Collection in Qing Dynasty are all representative works of Zhuangzi Annotation in different periods.

Lisao

Li Sao written by Qu Yuan during the Warring States Period (the originator of southern style poetry)

brief introduction

Lisao is a masterpiece of Qu Yuan, a famous poet in the Warring States Period, and an ancient poem of China.

The longest romantic political lyric in history. The poet described his life experience, moral character and ideal, expressed his anguish and contradiction in being murdered, and rebuked the king of Chu for being fatuous, running rampant in small groups and failing to show his persistence? Mei Zheng? Ideal, attacking the dark reality, fighting spirit of not colluding with evil forces and patriotic enthusiasm till death do us part.

full text

Emperor Levin's Miao nationality is Xi, my emperor Kao Boyong;

While taking photos of Zhen, Geng Yin and I are going to surrender.

Emperor view more than once, tin more than reputation;

The name is right, and the word is all;

Fenwu has both inner beauty and self-cultivation ability;

Hu Jiang left and monarch, threading thought Pei;

If I am not as good as me, I am afraid that my age is not with me;

Mulan Xi in the morning and Shu Mang in the evening;

The sun and the moon are not flooded suddenly, and the spring and autumn have their order;

But the vegetation is scattered, fearing that the beauty will come late;

Do not cherish the strong, abandon filth, why not change this degree?

Run with the horse and guide my husband first.

The purity of the past three times is where the public is;

How can you be a husband with the miscellaneous use of pepper and fungus?

Peter Yaoshun's Geng Jiexi, both by the way and by the way;

He is arrogant, and her husband has only the embarrassment of taking shortcuts;

However, couples steal happiness, and the road is dangerous;

I am afraid of the rest of my body and Huang Yu's defeat;

Suddenly ran to Xi, and the heel of the former king;

I don't care about my feelings, but I get angry when I am greedy [1];

Gu Yu knew it was painful, but he couldn't give up.

Refers to the positive nine days, zork;

At the beginning, I talked to Yu Chengyan and regretted having him;

It is not difficult for me to leave my husband, and it is difficult to quantify my practice.

I am not only the nine of Zilan, but also a hundred-acre tree;

If you want to stay abroad and expose the bottom of the car, you should mix with local chronicles;

The branches and leaves in Hebei are so lush that I hope that when I mow the grass [2], I will mow the grass;

Although it is withered, it is a pain, mourning the filth of the public;

Everyone is greedy and eager to seek;

Forgive yourself for being in Qiang and being jealous of each other;

That's not what I'm worried about.

Old Ran Ran came, and he was afraid that his name would not stand;

Drink Mulan in the morning and dew in the evening, and autumn chrysanthemum in the evening;

If you love someone, you can trust them. If you practice hard, you will grow painful [4].

Tie a knot with the root of the wood and thread it into the falling core of Ficus pumila;

Correcting bacteria and returning to Gu Xi, asking Hu Sheng's fault [5];

I used to ask my husband to practice, not a secular service;

Although I am not good at modern people, I hope to follow Peng Xian's legacy!

Take a long breath to hide your tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives;

Although I am good at repairing, I am embarrassed by [6] and eager to replace it;

Not only for surplus, but also for surplus;

My heart is also good, although I die nine times without regret;

Many women are ill, and there are rumors that I am good at prostitution;

The custom is clever and the rules are corrected;

Chasing Song with rope ink and competing with Zhou Rong;

[7] Yu Yi Yu Yu [8] Hey, I am lonely and poor at this time;

I'd rather die in exile, but I can't bear it;

Raptors are not crowded, since past lives;

Where is the ability to be around, the husband is different and peaceful;

Curse one's heart and suppress one's ambition, endure especially and be angry;

Be innocent, die straight, and be thicker than the former sanctuary.

Regret not keeping the way, and rebel after a delay;

Only when I get back to my car can I get back to the road, and the journey is not far away;

Step by step, the horse is in Xi, Gao Lan, and Jiaoshan does not stop;

I'll leave you if I can't get in. If you retreat, you will resume your original service.

Take lotus flowers as clothes and hibiscus as clothes;

I don't know that it's embarrassing, and I feel that I believe it;

Gao Guan Yu is in danger, and Yulong is off the ground;

Party, Ze miscellaneous, but no loss;

If you suddenly swim back, you will see four shortages;

Pei Huamei's ornaments, Fang Feifei's seals;

People's livelihood is different, I am used to repairing;

Although my body has not changed, I can't punish my heart.

[9]' s daughter was very happy, so I applied for her gift.

Say: Once [10] went straight to death, but finally died in the wilderness of feathers;

You are good at repairing [1 1], which is unique to you;

[12] Tong Ying Shi Xi was sentenced to independence and refused to accept it;

Everyone can't talk about it, it's a cloud review;

The world is a good friend at the same time, and the husband does not listen. ?

According to the former sages, I am happy in the festival, and I am sincere in my heart;

Jiyuan, south of Zheng Xiang, made a statement to Zhong Hua:

? Revelation of "Nine Debates" and "Nine Songs", entertaining yourself;

Despite the difficulties [13] Wuzi uses the home lane;

It's good to shoot and seal foxes.

Solid turbulence will eventually lead to its freshness and greed for her husband's family;

Being drenched in rags is strong, and I can't bear it;

On the day of recreation, I forgot myself and lost my head with my husband.

Xia Jie continues to invade Xi, but how to meet the disaster next;

After Xin Qiji, Yin Zong didn't take long;

Tang Yu is just respectful, and Zhou is not bad;

Empowering with talent, but not quite with rope ink;

God is selfless, and it is wrong to support people's morality;

Fu Wei sage came down to earth with this;

Look ahead, look at people;

The husband is unjust and available, but the husband is not good and can serve;

He died in danger, but he didn't regret it at first;

Don't measure the chisel, but it should be correct and fixed before. ?

I am sad when I am sad;

Hug like wisdom and hide tears, touch the waves of Yujin.

Kneeling down to express his position, Geng Wu has a positive position;

Autumn utilization [14] and Yu laizheng;

The dynasty began in Cangwu Xi and went to Huxian Park in the evening.

If you want to leave this spirit less, you will die suddenly;

My life is cautious, looking forward to it, running it;

Ruman Manqi Xiu Yuan Xi, I will search up and down;

The salty pool drinks more than one horse, and the rest is always on the hibiscus;

Blow the sun when the wood breaks, and chat with the sheep;

Wang Shu was the pioneer before, and Fei Lian was the subordinate after;

Luan Huang first sued, and Schleswig sued;

I make the phoenix fly in the evening, followed by day and night;

Floating away from Xi, the handsome Yun Ni came to the royal family;

Disputes are always intermittent and separated from each other;

I ordered the emperor to switch on and off, lean on it and look forward to it;

Stop when it is warm, and slow down when it is slow;

The world is difficult to distinguish between the turbid world, so it is beautiful and jealous.

Wu Chao will help whitewater, climb the wind and win the horse [15];

Suddenly look back and cry, mourning the high hills without children and daughters;

I swam to this erotic palace, and I broke Qiongzhi and followed Pei;

And before the glory falls, the next woman can be fooled;

I asked the phoenix dragon to ride the cloud to find the position of the princess [16];

Xie Pei safely concluded that I made Xiu Xiu feel reasonable;

Disputes are always intermittent, and suddenly weft [17] is difficult to move;

The evening is second only to the poor stone, and the morning hair is on the plate;

Protect beauty with pride and enjoy entertainment with lewdness;

Although it is rude to believe in beauty, it will be rejected and changed;

Look at the four poles, and the flow around the sky.

Looking at Yao Tai's retreat, I saw a lost daughter;

I use thrush as a medium, and thrush tells me that it is not good;

The voice of the male pigeon is gone, and I still hate its cleverness;

I am hesitant and suspicious, trying to adapt myself;

Emperor Fenghuang was afraid of Gao Xin in front of me;

Want to get together far away and be at a loss, talk about floating around;

Shao Kang is not at home, which puts Yao in danger.

The reason is weak, the media is clumsy, and I am afraid that the introduction is not solid;

The world is turbid and jealous of the virtuous, and the beauty is evil;

The boudoir is far away, and the philosopher king is not jealous;

I don't care about my feelings. How can I stand this forever?

Suo Yun [18] takes you [19] Xi, and the spirit is the rest;

Yue: the two beauties must be combined, and those who believe in it will repair it and envy it;

Thinking about the vastness of Kyushu, is it the only one with a daughter?

Yue: There is no doubt that there is a long way to go. Who wants beauty and freedom [20]?

Why is there no grass growing, and why do you care about the past?

The obscurity in the world is that the cloud judges good and evil;

People like and hate their differences, but this party is unique;

The household service Ai Yiying wants [2 1] Xi, which means that orchids are unparalleled;

It's not enough to see the vegetation. Is it beautiful?

Su dung is full of sorrow, saying that Shen pepper is not fragrant.

I want to take advantage of the auspicious atmosphere, my heart is hesitant and suspicious;

Witch salt falls in the evening, and pepper is [22];

Hundreds of gods are preparing to surrender, and nine doubts are welcoming them [23];

The emperor shouted at me for good luck;

Yue: encourage ups and downs and seek colleagues;

Tang Yu is strict and seeks harmony, which can be adjusted by blaming;

If you are in a good mood [24], why use your husband's media?

It is said that [25] Cao Cao built Yan Xi, and Wu Ding used it without doubt;

Lv Wang's drum knife is awkward and was promoted by Zhou Wen.

Ning Qi's eulogy, Qi Huan heard the auxiliary;

And not too old, but still wanting more;

I am afraid that the thrush [26] will sing first, which will make my husband's grass plants not fragrant;

He Qiongpei's suppression of Xi was concealed by the public [27];

However, this party member didn't forgive me, and he was afraid of being jealous, so he broke it;

When it is colorful and changeable, how can it last for a long time?

Changed but not, turned into hair;

What was the grass in the past, which is why Xiao Ai is also;

Is there any other reason why it can't be repaired?

I take Lan as my servant, strong vanity and forbearance.

Entrusted by the United States to go through customs, if it is out of business;

Pepper is designed to slow down, but it [28] wants to fill her husband's shoes;

Not only do [29] and then do business, how does He Fang do it?

The customs process started from Xi, but how can it remain unchanged?

If you look at pepper orchids, you will see cars and Li Jiang;

However, it is precious to us, it is beautiful and beautiful;

Fang Feifei is difficult to lose, and it is not foamed;

And scheduling to entertain themselves, talking about floating for women;

Moreover, the remaining ornaments are relatively square, and the weekly flow is almost up and down.

Spirit powder has been instructed to take advantage of the opportunity to occupy, I will choose another day;

It's a pity to break branches, but it's a pity to break branches [30] [3 1].

I drive a flying dragon, and the miscellaneous Yao elephant thinks it is a car;

What centrifugal energy is the same, I will die far away;

[32] Kuai Wu doffer Kunlun, Yuan Liu left and right;

Yang Yunni's love, Luan's chirp;

The dynasty began in Tianjin and went to the west pole in the evening;

Phoenix spreads its wings and flies high with flags;

I am doing this quicksand, and I am tolerant of Chishui;

I asked Xiaolong to be Liang Jinxi, and I asked Sidi to participate.

How difficult is it to go to Xiu Yuan, so that all the cars are waiting for you [33];

If the road is not good, turn left and refer to the West Sea for a while;

Thousands of chariots, Chyi Yu [34] neck and neck;

Driving eight dragons, holding the cloud flag [35];

Restrain ambition and be cautious, which is the charm of God Gao Chi [36];

Play "Nine Songs" and dance "Shao" and talk about holidays for fun.

He ascended the throne of the emperor, and suddenly he came to his hometown;

The servant is sadder than Mahuai, but he can't help it.

Luan Yue: It's gone.

Nobody in the country knows me, so why worry about my old capital?

Since it's not enough for America, I'll stay at Peng Xian's house.

author

Qu Yuan (before 335? The first 296), the name is flat, and the word is original. The same surname as the Chu royal family. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as an official and disciple. Soon, he was slandered by aristocratic political groups, alienated by Wang Huai, and exiled to Hanbei. Wang was exiled to the Yuan and Xiang valleys. Qu Yuan drowned himself when he reached the Miluo River near Xiangshui. Qu Yuan was a great romantic poet in ancient China. His works are full of political enthusiasm and patriotism, and his masterpiece Li Sao is an immortal example of China's classical poetry.

history

Historical Records by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty (the originator of biographical style)

brief introduction

Historical records didn't have a fixed title at first, or? Taishi Gongshu? , or "a surname"

Gong Ji, also known as Tai Shigong. Historical Records was originally the general name of ancient history books, which began in the Three Kingdoms. Historical records? Gradually become a generic term? Taishi Gongshu? The proper name of. Historical Records is a general history that runs through ancient times and modern times. It describes the history of China for about 3,000 years from the legendary Huangdi to the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. According to Sima Qian, biographies 12, tables 10, 8 books, 30 aristocratic families, 70 biographies and * * 130 books. Ban Gu in Hanshu? Sima Qian's biography mentioned that ten historical books were missing. Wei pointed out that these ten articles are Biographies of Emperor Jing, Biographies of Emperor Wu, Book of Rites, Le Shu, Law and Discipline, Biographies of Generals since Han Dynasty, Biographies of Japanese People, Biographies of Three Kings, Biographies of Tortoise and Fujin. Most descendants disagree with Zhang Yan's statement, but the incompleteness of Historical Records is beyond doubt. Today's Historical Records is also 130, and several chapters are obviously not written by Sima Qian. Historical Records was written by Chu Sun Shao, a doctor in the Han Dynasty, when he became emperor, and Mr. Chu Yue in Historical Records was his supplement. Historical Records has a wide range of materials. At that time, Shi Ben, Mandarin, National Policy, Ji Qin, Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han Dynasties, Hundred Schools of Thought contend, and other national documents and archives, as well as materials obtained from field investigation, were all important sources of materials for Sima Qian to write Historical Records. What is particularly valuable is that Sima Qian carefully analyzed and screened the collected materials and eliminated some nonsense. For some problems that cannot be clarified, we either take a skeptical attitude or record various opinions. Due to its extensive materials and serious attitude in compiling history, Historical Records is informative and rich in content.

author

Sima Qian was born in xia yang, Zuo Fengyi. Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, he died in the third year of Emperor Zheng of Han Dynasty. Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan, was in charge of managing imperial books, collecting historical materials and studying astronomical calendars in the central government of Han Dynasty. Sima Tan intended to write a general history, but his wish didn't come true and he died. On his deathbed, he told Sima Qian to finish his unfinished business. Sima Qian worked hard as a child. At the age of ten, he began to learn the ancient prose at that time. Later, he followed Dong Zhongshu and Kong Anguo to study the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram and the History of Ancient Literature. Emperor yuan Shuo of the Han dynasty was three years old, and Sima Qian was twenty years old. With a desire for knowledge, he roamed the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, inspected historical sites and collected legends from all over the world. Sima Qian broadened his horizons and increased his knowledge by on-the-spot investigation of places of interest and historical facts before and after the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, which made a good preparation for the later compilation of Historical Records. After Sima Tan's death, Sima Qian inherited his father's footsteps, formulated imperial edicts, and was able to see a large number of books, documents and national archives, which was an indispensable condition for Sima Qian to compile historical books.

In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian began to write historical records. In the second year of Tianhan, Li Ling led the troops to attack the Huns with Li Guangli, and they were defeated and surrendered. Emperor Wu asked Sima Qian what he thought of Li Ling, so Sima Qian said that Li Ling surrendered because he was outnumbered and had no reinforcements, and the responsibility was not entirely on Li Ling. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that Sima Qian intended to excuse Li Ling's return, so he denounced Li Guangli, the love brother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As a result, Sima Qian was thrown into prison and sentenced to corruption. Three years later.

He was pardoned from prison and worked harder at writing history books. In about two years, the compilation was basically completed. Many years after Sima Qian's death, his grandson Yang Yun made this immortal masterpiece of more than 520,000 words public.

Du Gongbu Collection

Du Fu's Collection of Du Gongbu in Tang Dynasty (the poet's masterpiece)

brief introduction

Du Gongbu Collection is a collection of poems and essays by Du Fu, the greatest realistic poet in ancient China.

There are 1400 poems and more than 30 articles. It also occupies an important position in the history of world literature. Du fu is as famous as Li Bai and is called? Du Li? . His poems are based on faith, vigorous, lofty and unique in style, and are respected as? Poet saint? . His hymn marks the peak of realism in China's classical poetry.

author

Du Fu (7 12 ~ 770) was beautiful as a flower, whose real name was Shaoling Yelao, Han nationality, and he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province). He is as famous as Du Gongbu and Du Fu, and he is a great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, which was called by later buddhas. Poet saint? .

The Water Margin?

In the early Ming Dynasty, the original book 100 of Water Margin (also known as loyalty and loyalty) was written, and Jin deleted it into 70 books (the ancestor of Zhang Hui's novels)

brief introduction

The Water Margin, also known as the loyalty and loyalty of the Water Margin, was written at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. It is the first vernacular novel in the history of China and one of the four classical novels of China. The vivid characters, ups and downs of story lines and profound ideological connotations in writers' works constitute the eternal vitality of these masterpieces. "Water Margin" is a well-known masterpiece, and various characters such as hundreds of singles and eight generals have long been deeply rooted in people's hearts. The Water Margin has successfully shaped the characters such as Song Jiang, Lin Chong, Lu and so on. The author is good at putting the characters in the real historical environment and closely connecting their identities and experiences to describe their personalities. He is good at describing the characters by putting them in a critical moment of life and death, and he is also good at using contrast and contrast to highlight their characters.

author

Shi Naian, a novelist at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, was born and died in an unknown year (1296 ~ 137 1). Nai 'an) was born in Baijuchang, Xinghua (now Jiangsu). Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province). He wrote a long classic novel "Water Margin" based on the story of Sung River Uprising circulated among the people.

Romance of the West Chamber

The West Chamber edited by Wang Shifu in Yuan Dynasty (a classic of Yuan Dynasty)

brief introduction

The full name of The West Chamber is Cui Yingying's The West Chamber. Does "The West Chamber" describe that all lovers shall be well. The most successful play on this subject. The most outstanding achievement of The West Chamber is that it fundamentally changed the theme and tragic ending of Yingying Biography, portraying the hero and heroine as faithful in love, daring to break through the shackles of feudal ethics, and finally, through unremitting efforts,

A young couple got a happy result. This change makes the anti-feudal tendency of the script more prominent? May all lovers in the world be good? The theme of. In terms of art, the script has completed the shaping of artistic images such as Yingying, Zhang Xun and Matchmaker through complex dramatic conflicts, which makes the characters' personality characteristics vivid and vivid, and strengthens the drama of the works.