Cao Gui's Argument and its translation (Cao Gui's Argument and its pinyin translation)

The original text and translation of Cao Gui Debate

Original text:

Cao Gui debate

Author Zuo Qiuming? pre-Qin period

Right: "Small benefits are not _, people are obedient." Duke Zhuang said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks, etc. for sacrifice. I must tell God the truth." Cao Gui said: "Mix's credit cannot be trusted by the gods, and the gods will not bless you." . "ZhuangGong said," even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must also be based on facts. "Yes:" Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war. Please pay attention to this war. "

On that day, Qi Huangong and Cao Gui sat in a chariot and fought with Qi Jun in Beidou. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "Wait until after Qi Jun drummed three times. Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums. "."Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. "Not now," said Cao Gui. Look at it, look at it and say, "Not bad. "That's by qi teacher.

After winning, the king asked him why he won. Yes: "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am tired, I am surplus, so I will overcome it. Great powers are unpredictable and frightening. I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "

Translation:

In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked our state of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to fight, and Cao Gui asked to meet Duke Zhuang of Lu. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you participate?" Cao Gui said: "People in power are short-sighted, so they can't think ahead."

So he went to North Korea to see Duke Zhuang of Lu. Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting for?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dared to possess food, clothes and healthy things." I must give them to the ministers around me. " Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't spread to the people, and the people won't obey you."

Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of sacrifices such as pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silk fabrics, but I must tell the truth to God." Cao Gui replied, "You can't win the trust of the gods for a small contribution. The gods won't bless you."

Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "Even if I can't see all the lawsuits, I still have to be based on facts." Cao Gui replied, "That's what I did. You can fight a war.

If you want to fight, please allow me to go with you Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui were sitting in a car, fighting the Qi army in the ladle. Duke Zhuang of Lu will order drums to advance. Cao Gui said, "Not yet. "Wait until the qi drums three times. Cao Gui said, "We can pursue it. "

The Qi army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu wants to order horses to chase the Qi army. Cao Gui said, "Not yet." Say that finish, he got out of the chariot, looked at the trace of Qi's wheels, boarded the chariot again, propped up the crossbar in front of the chariot and watched the formation of Qi. He said, "We can pursue it."

So I chased the Qi army. After winning the battle, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he won. Cao Gui replied: Fighting depends on morale. The first drum beating can boost the morale of soldiers, the second drum beating will start to hurt the morale of soldiers, and the third drum beating will exhaust the morale of soldiers.

Their morale has disappeared, but the morale of our army is rising, so we beat them. In a big country like Qi, it is difficult to speculate on their situation, for fear that they will have an ambush there. Later, I saw that the track of their wheels was chaotic and the flag fell, so I ordered to chase them. "

Extended data:

Article analysis:

The full text is divided into three paragraphs.

The first paragraph: write about the political preparations before the war-win the trust of the people.

This paragraph can be divided into two layers. The first layer describes the reason why Cao Gui sought audience with Duke Zhuang of Lu. At the beginning, I pointed out the time when it happened, and then pointed out that "Qi attacked me", indicating that the war was caused by Qi attacking Lu, and Duke Zhuang of Lu was ready to resist. The above brief introduction provided the necessary background for Cao Gui's interview and debate.

The army was besieged and Cao Gui was ready for war. Through the dialogue with "fellow villagers", on the one hand, the author reveals the situation that those in power in Lu are humble and ignorant, and the corpse is vegetarian, which lays the foundation for the later Duke Zhuang of Lu to command blindly in the battle; On the other hand, it shows that Cao Gui cares about state affairs, and it also implies that he is a visionary.

The second chapter describes that Cao Gui asked Zhuang Gong to make political preparations before the war, which is the focus of this paragraph. When meeting with Duke Zhuang of Lu, Cao Gui asked "Why the War" from the beginning, and grasped the key issue of political preparation before the war.

Inspired by Cao Gui again and again, Duke Zhuang of Lu put forward three conditions in turn: aristocratic support, the blessing of ghosts and gods, and emotional supervision. Cao Gui denied the first two conditions and affirmed the latter. In Cao Gui's view, the victory or defeat of the war depends neither on the support of the nobility nor on the blessing of the gods, but on "winning the trust of the people".

He believes that emotional supervision is "loyalty" and "loyalty" is due to the people, so he is convinced that "World War I can be fought". Cao Gui's thought of attaching importance to the relationship between people's hearts and the outcome of the war is indeed better than that of "meat eaters". But it is essentially different from our thought of relying on the people's power to carry out the people's war today.

The second paragraph: Write the story of Cao Gui commanding the army of Lu to defeat the army of Qi.

Cao Gui's thought of "winning the trust of the people" was approved by Zhuang Gong, and "taking the right way" reflected Zhuang Gong's trust and esteem for Cao Gui. This paper first explains the position that is conducive to Lu's counterattack, and the long spoon is in Lu's territory. For Lu, being familiar with the terrain and landforms is convenient for obtaining manpower support and material supply, and it is also conducive to the transformation of Lu's morale into a favorable aspect.

Then there is a concrete description of the battle, focusing on two things: "beating gongs and drums" and "marching by division", in which Cao Gui commanded the Lu army to start a counterattack after the "three drums of the Qi army", and in which Cao Gui decided to pursue after observing the situation that the Qi army was defeated and fled, both of which were described very briefly.

This writing is consistent with the facts, and the second is the center of Cao Gui's argument, which is more prominent in the following article.

"The public must drum it up" and "the public must rush it", which shows that Lu Zhuanggong is impatient and rash; Cao Gui's two "impossibilities" and two "possibilities" show that Cao Gui has a well-thought-out plan and is good at seizing the opportunity of counterattack and pursuit.

The third paragraph: Write about Cao Gui and discuss the reasons for winning the battle. This is the center of this article.

The word "Keke" means that the climax of the campaign has passed and the atmosphere has suddenly eased. It's time for the puzzling Duke Zhuang of Lu to ask the truth. Cao Gui's answer can be divided into two aspects.

The first is to discuss the opportunity to start the counterattack-when the other side is tired and I am profitable: Lu Jun stays put and saves his strength. The Qi army beat drums for the first time, and its morale was booming. The second drum sounded and morale began to decline; Beating the drum for the third time completely exhausted morale.

At this critical moment, Cao Gui adopted the policy of "when the enemy is exhausted, we will fight", and finally turned the disadvantages into advantages. Secondly, it discusses the time when the pursuit began-when the flag was in chaos. Although the Lu army won the initial victory in the counterattack, it did not underestimate the enemy. "Husband is a big country, unpredictable and fearful." This reflects that Cao Gui has never forgotten that he is a weak enemy, and a weak enemy is strong.

War is unscrupulous, so we must remain vigilant. Cao Gui personally inspected the enemy's situation and found that the enemy was "chaotic" and "depressed". He confirmed that the Qi army fled in panic and fled, and this was the only way to pursue it and finally won the battle.

To sum up, by praising Cao Gui's foresight, this paper explains how to correctly apply the principle of strategic defense in the war-only by "winning the trust of the people", implementing the correct policy of "the enemy is exhausted and we will fight", and choosing the favorable opportunity for counterattack and pursuit, can we be strong with small enemies.

The original text and translation of Cao Gui Debate

Original text:

Duke Zhuang said, "I have never dared to know about food and clothing, but I will give it to my officials." Right: "Small benefits are not _, people are obedient." Duke Zhuang said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks, etc. for sacrifice. I must tell God the truth." Cao Gui said: "Mix's credit cannot be trusted by the gods, and the gods will not bless you." . "ZhuangGong said," even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must also be based on facts. "Yes:" Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war. Please pay attention to this war. "

Translation:

Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting for?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dared to possess food, clothes and healthy things." I must give them to the ministers around me. " Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't spread to the people, and the people won't obey you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of sacrifices such as pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silk fabrics, but I must tell the truth to God."

Cao Gui said: "A small contribution cannot win the trust of the gods, and the gods will not bless you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "Even if I can't see all the lawsuits, I still have to be based on facts." Cao Gui replied, "That's what I did. I can fight a war. If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "

Extended data:

Cao Gui's Debate Background

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi and Lu were neighbors, both in today's Shandong Province, Qi was in the northeast and Lu was in the southwest. In 697 BC, Qi Xianggong ascended the throne, and his decrees were impermanent. His younger brothers Xiao Bai and Gong Zijiu fled to Ju 'an and Lu 'an respectively.

In the second year, Qi Xianggong was killed by Gongsun's ignorance. In the spring of the third year, the Qi people killed Sun Ignorant, and his son first returned to the State of Qi and proclaimed himself emperor. Later, Duke Zhuang of Lu personally led the troops to escort the son back to China for a long time to compete for the throne. In August, Lu fought with Qi Shi, and the Lu army was defeated. Qi Huangong forced Duke Zhuang of Lu to kill Gong Zijiu.

In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the State of Qi used the excuse that Lu had helped Gongsun Jiu to compete for the throne of Qi, and the two armies again confronted Lu. This is the battle of Qilu long spoon described in the article.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Gui Debate

On Cao Gui's Argument in Classical Chinese and Its Translation

Everyone must have been exposed to classical Chinese during school, right? Classical Chinese is a kind of prose that is opposite to parallel prose, with single sentence and single line, without dual temperament. In order to let more people learn the essence of classical Chinese, the following is the full text of Cao Gui's debate in classical Chinese and its translation for reference only. Let's have a look.

Cao Gui on Military Tactics

Comparison of Pre-Qin Versions of Biography of Zuo Qiuming

In the spring of ten years, the army of Qi attacked our country of Lu. Male will play, Cao Gui, please see. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said." Then they went to the court to see the duke. "What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me." Right: "Small benefits are not _, people are obedient. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks and so on. I must tell God the truth." . Cao Gui said: "Mix has no credit and cannot be trusted by the gods. The gods will not bless you." . "."Zhuang Gong said, "Even if you can't see all the litigation cases in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes: "Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war. Please follow the war. "

translate

In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked our state of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu can fight. Cao Gui asked to meet Duke Zhuang of Lu. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you participate?" Cao Gui said: "People in power are short-sighted, so they can't think ahead." So he went to North Korea to see Duke Zhuang of Lu. Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting for?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dared to possess food, clothes and healthy things." I must give them to the ministers around me. " Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't spread to the people, and the people won't obey you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of sacrifices such as pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silk fabrics, but I must tell the truth to God." Cao Gui said: "A small contribution cannot win the trust of the gods, and the gods will not bless you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "Even if I can't see all the lawsuits, I still have to be based on facts." Cao Gui replied, "That's what I did. I can fight a war. If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "

That day, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui were sitting in a car, fighting the Qi army in the ladle. Duke Zhuang of Lu will order drums to advance. Cao Gui said, "Not now." Wait until the Qi army drums three times. Cao Gui said, "You can beat the drums." The Qi army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu wants to order horses to chase the Qi army. Cao Gui said, "Not yet." Say that finish, he got out of the chariot, looked at the trace of Qi's wheels, boarded the chariot again, propped up the crossbar in front of the chariot and watched the formation of Qi. He said, "We can pursue it." So I chased the Qi army.

After winning the battle, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he won. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on morale. Drumming for the first time can improve the morale of soldiers. After the second drum beat, the morale of soldiers began to decline, and after the third drum beat, they were even more exhausted. Their morale has disappeared, but the morale of our army is rising, so we beat them. In a big country like Qi, it is difficult to speculate on their situation, for fear that they will have an ambush there. Later, I saw that their wheel tracks were chaotic and their flags fell, so I ordered them to chase. "

Cao Gui: Lu's doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period. A famous military theorist.

Ten years: ten years of Lu Zhuanggong.

Qi's army. Qi, in today's central Shandong Province. Lu junshi

Cut: Attack.

Me: Lu. Zuo Zhuan was written according to the history of Lu, so Lu was called "I".

Gong: the general name of princes, here refers to Duke Zhuang of Lu.

Carnivore: A person who eats meat refers to a person who is in a high position and wants a salary.

Ask: Ask for discussion.

Between: participation.

Mean: mean and short-sighted.

Nye: So, just.

How to fight: that is, "how to fight", what to fight with? Use, use, by, by.

Don't worry about food and clothing, don't you dare to be an expert: you don't dare to enjoy health care such as food and clothing alone. Ann: It means "keeping". F: No, specialization: exclusive to individuals, exclusive to individuals.

People are divided into groups: the ellipsis omits the word "zhi", and the complete sentence is "people are divided into groups". Be sure to share it with others. Use, put. Person: refers to the close ministers or nobles around Duke Zhuang of Lu.

_: Once "all over", all over, omnipotent.

Sacrificing jade: an ancient sacrifice. Sacrificial pigs, cows, sheep, etc. Jed. Jed. Silk, silk fabrics.

Plus: false report.

A little faith is not enough: a little credit cannot convince God. Fu's words are convincing.

F: Nouns are used as verbs to bless and bless.

Prison: case.

Check: Observe clearly.

Love: the truth.

Tadashi: This is my duty. Loyal, do your best to do your job. Genus, species.

Being able to fight: it means "being able to fight", and you can fight with this condition. Yes, you can. By virtue of.

If you fight, please follow: fight, please allow to follow. Follow: follow, follow

Gay ride: Duke Zhuang of Lu shares a chariot. , refers to Cao Gui.

Long spoon: Shandong place name, now northeast of Laiwu, Shandong.

Failure: The army was defeated.

Chi: Drive to catch up.

Track: the track of a wheel.

Stone: a crossbar used as a handrail in front of an ancient carriage.

Sui: So, just.

Chase: chase, here refers to chase.

Rick: It was defeated. Yes, it has already started.

Fighting is also courage: fighting, courage and fearless spirit. Husband, put it at the beginning of the sentence, which means that you can discuss it, but it has no practical significance.

Stick to it: the first drum beating can boost morale. Cheer up.

Again: the second time.

Three: the third time.

Their courage has been exhausted, while ours is flourishing. Peter, a pronoun, refers to the Qi army. Full, full, full, here refers to high morale.

Unpredictable: hard to guess. Measure, speculate and estimate.

V: ambush.

Amy: I fell down.

Cao Gui's Debate: Selected from Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuang Gong. The title was added later.

The Original Text of Cao Gui Debate and Its Translation

Cao Gui's argument comes from Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuang Gong. This paper narrates his comments on this war in the Battle of Long Spoon, and the historical fact that he used the principle of "gathering, losing and exhausting" to repel the powerful Qi army in wartime.

The original Cao Gui debate.

On that day, Qi Huangong and Cao Gui sat in a chariot and fought with Qi Jun in Beidou. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "Wait until after Qi Jun drummed three times. Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums. "."Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. "Not now," said Cao Gui. Then he got off the chariot, looked at the tracks of Qi Jun's wheels, climbed on the chariot, supported the front railing of the chariot and looked at Qi Jun's formation, and said, "We can pursue. "."So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.

Translation of Cao Gui Debate

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