In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked our state of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu can fight. Cao Gui asked to meet Duke Zhuang of Lu. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you participate?"

Cao Gui said: "People in power are short-sighted, so they can't think ahead." So he went to North Korea to see Duke Zhuang of Lu. Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting for?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "I never dare to keep food and clothing for health. I must give it to the ministers around me."

Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't spread to the people, and the people won't obey you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of sacrifices such as pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silk fabrics, but I must tell the truth to God." Cao Gui said: "A small contribution cannot win the trust of the gods, and the gods will not bless you."

Lv Zhuanggong said: "Even if I can't see all the litigation cases, I will make a reasonable judgment based on the facts." Cao Gui replied: "This has completed my task, and we can fight a battle (under this condition). If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "

That day, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui were sitting in a car, fighting the Qi army in the ladle. Duke Zhuang of Lu will order drums to advance. Cao Gui said, "Not now." Wait until the Qi army drums three times. Cao Gui said, "You can beat the drums." The Qi army was defeated.

Duke Zhuang of Lu wants to order horses to chase the Qi army. Cao Gui said, "Not yet." Say that finish, he got out of the chariot, looked at the trace of Qi's wheels, boarded the chariot again, propped up the crossbar in front of the chariot and watched the formation of Qi. He said, "We can pursue it." So I chased the Qi army.

After winning the battle, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he won. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on morale. Drumming for the first time can improve the morale of soldiers. After the second drum beat, the morale of soldiers began to decline, and after the third drum beat, they were even more exhausted.

Their morale has disappeared, but the morale of our army is rising, so we beat them. In a big country like Qi, it is difficult to speculate on their situation, for fear that they will have an ambush there. Later, I saw that the track of their wheels was chaotic and the flag fell, so I ordered to chase them. "

2. Original text

In the spring of ten years, the army of Qi attacked our country of Lu. Men can fight, please see Cao Gui. His fellow villager said, "What's the point of Jian?" "Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply," Cao Gui said. "Then they went to the court to see the Duke." What are you fighting for? "Asked Cao Gui.

Qi Huangong said, "Have plenty of food and clothing, dare to be an expert, and divide people into different groups." Yes, I said, "Xiao En doesn't repeat, but people are obedient." Gong Yue said, "Give jade and silk (bó). If you dare to add it, you will believe it." Yes, I said, "Little faith is not blessed (fú), but God is blessed." Zhuang Gong said: "Even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes, he said, "Loyalty belongs to you. You can fight a war. Please follow the war. "

On that day, Qi Huangong and Cao Gui sat in a chariot and fought with Qi Jun in Beidou. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "Wait until after Qi Jun drummed three times. Hey: "Yes! "Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to chase the horse. " "Not now," Cao Gui said, looking at it. Deng Shi looked at it and said, "Yes." So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.

After winning, the king asked him why he won. He said: "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am tired, I am surplus, so I will overcome it. Fu (fú) is a big country, unpredictable and frightening. I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "

Debate on Cao Gui comes from Zuo Zhuan and Ten Years of Zhuang Gong written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period. This paper narrates his comments on this war in the Battle of Long Spoon, and the historical fact that he used the principle of "gathering, losing and exhausting" to repel the powerful Qi army in wartime.

Extended data:

I. Notes on words

1, (Gui): the doctor of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. A famous military theorist.

2. Ten years: the tenth year of Lu Zhuanggong (684 BC).

3. Qi Division: Qi army. Qi, in today's central Shandong Province. Lu junshi

4. cut: attack.

5. I mean Lu. Zuo Zhuan was written according to the history of Lu, so Lu was called "I".

6. Gong: the general term for princes, referring to Duke Zhuang of Lu.

7. Carnivores: People who eat meat refer to those in power.

8. Ask: Ask for discussion.

9.Jian: participation.

10, mean: mean and short-sighted.

1 1, yes: so, just.

12, how to fight: that is, "how to fight", what to fight with? Use, use, by, by.

13, food and clothing are carefree, dare to specialize: food and clothing are like health care, dare not enjoy it alone. Ann: It means "keeping". F: No, specialization: exclusive to individuals, exclusive to individuals.

14, people must be divided into two parts: the ellipsis omits the word "zhi", and the complete sentence is "people must be divided into two parts". Be sure to share it with others. Use, put. Person: refers to the close ministers or nobles around Duke Zhuang of Lu.

15, it's all over: one is "embarrassment", which is ubiquitous and ubiquitous.

Second, the background of the work

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi and Lu were neighbors, both in today's Shandong Province, Qi was in the northeast and Lu was in the southwest. In 697 BC, Qi Xianggong ascended the throne, and his decrees were impermanent. His younger brothers Xiao Bai and Gong Zijiu fled to Ju 'an and Lu 'an respectively.

In the second year, Qi Xianggong was killed by Gongsun's ignorance. In the spring of the third year, the Qi people killed Sun Ignorant, and his son first returned to the State of Qi and proclaimed himself emperor. Later, Duke Zhuang of Lu personally led the troops to escort the son back to China for a long time to compete for the throne. In August, Lu fought with Qi Shi, and the Lu army was defeated.

Qi Huangong forced Duke Zhuang of Lu to kill Gong Zijiu. In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the State of Qi used the excuse that Lu had helped Gongsun Jiu to compete for the throne of Qi, and the two armies again confronted Lu. This is the battle of Qilu long spoon described in the article.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Gui Debate