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In scientific works, it is best to read the latest books; Among literary works, it is best to read the oldest books. Classical literary works will never age.
-Bulwell Litton English
If you can read, you must be knowledgeable; Can replenish qi, the amount must be macro. Both should not be neglected.
—— Guo Moruo
Reading sometimes makes people suddenly understand the meaning of life and help them find their place in life.
Gorky
Books are tools to cultivate the mind.
Hugo
Books are the destination of thoughts.
-henry longfellow
Books are the ladder of human progress.
-Gorky, former Soviet Union
Books are human nourishment.
-Shakespeare English
Lu Xun chewed pepper to drive away the cold.
Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When I was a teenager, I attended Jiangnan Naval Academy and got excellent results in the first semester. The school awarded him a gold medal. He immediately took it to the street of Nanjing Gulou and sold it. Then he bought some books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it's cold at night and he can't stand reading at night, he picks a pepper and chews it in his mouth, making his forehead sweat. In this way, he insisted on studying. After studying hard, he finally became a famous writer in China.
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King or study?
Macaulay, a famous historian, once wrote to a little girl that if someone wanted me to be the greatest king, living in a palace all my life, with gardens, delicious food, fine wine, a big carriage, gorgeous clothes and hundreds of servants, I would never be king on condition that I was not allowed to study.
I would rather be a poor man and live in an attic with many books than an illiterate king.
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Wang Yanan sleeps in a three-legged bed.
When Wang Yanan was a child, he was ambitious and loved reading.
When he was in middle school, in order to gain more time to study, he deliberately sawed off one foot of his wooden bed and turned it into a three-legged bed. I read until late at night every day. I went to bed when I was tired, and then I turned over in a daze. The bed leans in the direction of short feet. He woke up suddenly, got out of bed at once and read at night. Every day, without interruption. As a result, he achieved excellent results every year and was praised as one of the "three outstanding figures" in his class.
Because he studied hard as a teenager, he eventually became an outstanding economist in China.
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Engels' reading method
One of Engels' reading methods is to pay attention to reading the original text, and generally do not use second-hand and third-hand materials easily.
1884 On August 6th, Georg Henrich Vollmar, a German social Democrat, wrote a letter to Engels, saying that a lady was interested in socialism and planned to study social sciences, but she didn't know which college to attend. Engels replied that this question is difficult to answer, because every science, especially economics, has been badly spoiled in universities. The key is to learn by yourself and master effective methods of self-study.
Engels said in his letter: "Learn from truly classic books, not from the most unpopular German economics summary reading or its author's speech." "The most important thing is to seriously study classical economics from the physiocratic school to schools such as Smith and Ricardo, as well as the works of utopian socialism Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen, as well as Marx's works, and at the same time, we should constantly strive to draw our own opinions." In other words, we should read the original work systematically, because "studying the original work itself will not lead some brief reading materials and other second-hand materials astray."
Judging from the bibliography he has read, although he has read many popular brochures, newspapers and periodicals, etc. , is the classic original that spends the most time and reads the most. He believes that reading the original works systematically is the correct reading method for research. In this way, we can understand the process of the emergence, development and perfection of a theory, not only comprehensively and systematically grasp the basic principles, but also grasp its development process and understand the whole picture of this theory.
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Jack London's "Hungry Wolf" Reading Method
Jack London, an American writer, has been tempered by hardships and cherished reading opportunities. When he came across a book, he didn't pry it open with a sleigh and steal some things inside. Instead, he put his teeth into the book's throat like a hungry wolf, sucking its blood, swallowing its meat and biting its bones violently! Until all the fibers and muscles in that book became a part of him.
Yang Zhenning's "Infiltration" Reading Method
Professor Yang Zhenning believes that since knowledge permeates and expands each other, the method of mastering knowledge should also be adapted to it.
When we concentrate on studying a course or delving into a subject, if we consciously extend the tentacles of wisdom to the adjacent knowledge fields, it will inevitably produce a different artistic conception. As a link in the familiar knowledge chain, unexpected new discoveries are likely to be made.
For those books of related majors, if time and energy permit, you might as well read them. It doesn't matter if you don't understand them for a while. Some valuable revelations may come from semi-communication. Infiltration learning will broaden our horizons, activate our thinking and greatly improve learning efficiency.
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Mao Mu's "Interesting" Reading Method
Mao Mu, an English writer, put forward the idea of "reading for fun", saying, "I don't recommend that you read another book before reading one. Personally, it is more reasonable to read five or six books at the same time. Because we can't keep the same mood every day, even in one day, we may not have the same enthusiasm for a book. "
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Einstein's three-step reading method of "whole, divided and combined"
The so-called total is to form an overall impression of the book first. On the basis of browsing the preface, postscript, editing and other general things, read the table of contents carefully and get a general understanding of the structure, system, clue content and main points of the book.
The so-called "score" means reading the full text page by page on the basis of overall understanding, rather than word by word. In skimming, we should pay special attention to the key points in the book and the contents closely related to our own needs.
The so-called combination is to sort out and systematize the impressions obtained from reading the whole book, so that the viewpoints and materials can be organically combined. After careful thinking and synthesis, the internal relations of the whole book are clarified in order to achieve the purpose of summing up, deepening and improving.
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Yu's "Afraid of Friends" Reading Method
Yu, an essayist, said: "We should pay attention to finding friends who are higher than ourselves and make reading a friendly and enterprising activity that requires a lot of brain power. Try to reduce the reading level that is basically the same as your current level, and be willing to accept the shaping of yourself by good books. There may be different grades of books on our shelves, which are suitable for intensive reading. They should not be books that we can look down and look up, but books that we need to look up. "
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Gu personally supervised reading.
"Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." This famous saying was first put forward by Gu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Gu studied hard since he was a child. Enlightened at the age of 6, 10 began to read history books and literary masterpieces. 1 1 years old, his grandfather Li asked him to finish the History as a Mirror, and warned: "Now some people just browse the outline and other books to save trouble, thinking that everything is fine. I don't think this is worth taking. " These words made Gu realize that reading and studying is an honest thing and must be treated seriously and faithfully. Gu Qin was diligent in reading, and he adopted the measures of "self-examination reading": First, he set himself the number of volumes that must be read every day; Secondly, he limited himself to copying the books he finished reading every day. After he finished reading Purple Tongzhi Sword, one book became two books. Third, ask yourself to take notes and write down your experiences every time you read a book. Some of his reading notes were later incorporated into the famous book Rizhilu; Finally, every spring and autumn, he will review the books he read in the first half of the year, read them silently, and ask people to read them aloud. If differences are found, he will check them immediately. He stipulated that he would spend 200 pages a day like this and never rest until he finished reviewing.
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Qin Mu advocated "cow chewing" and "whale swallowing"
Qin Mu, a famous contemporary writer, reads a lot of books, newspapers and magazines every day and accumulates extensive knowledge. Therefore, the works he wrote are like strung jewels of knowledge, shining with unique brilliance. Talking about reading, Qin Mu advocated eating cows and whales, that is, "chewing cows" and "swallowing whales".
What is "cow chewing"? He said: "The old cow ate grass during the day, and at eleven or twelve in the middle of the night, she moved her mouth and chewed what she swallowed during the day. You should also repeat what needs intensive reading many times, chew it very carefully, and then swallow it. Some books are generally swallowed at first, and then carefully studied section by section. In this way, indigestible things are easy to digest. " This is the intensive reading of "Niu Chew".
Then what is "whale swallowing"? He said that baleen whales are giants among whales and can swim like floating islands. But it feeds on small fish and shrimp in the sea. How do these gadgets fill its huge belly? It turns out that the baleen whale has been swimming with its big mouth open, and the small fish and shrimp flow into its mouth with the sea water. When it closed its mouth, seawater rushed out of its teeth, leaving a lot of small fish and shrimp on the sieve. With such a big bite, a whole ton of small fish and shrimp will enter the whale's stomach bag. People should learn how to eat whales while reading widely. If a person wants to learn something, he can only read intensively, not extensively. If you can't "swallow" tens of thousands of words every day, it will be difficult to enrich your knowledge. If you only rely on exquisite snacks and vitamin tablets to stay healthy, you can't be strong.
"Cattle chewing" and "whale swallowing" cannot be neglected. We not only have to "swallow a whale", but also read a lot of books extensively and study and taste a few classic works repeatedly. In this way, intensive reading and extensive reading can be organically combined.
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Feng Yuxiang reads a book.
Feng Yuyang (1882- 1948) studied very hard all his life. When he was a soldier, he studied whenever he had time, and sometimes stayed up all night. Reading at night, in order not to affect others' sleep, I found a big wooden box, cut it open, put my head in, and read by dim light. When Feng Yuyang was a brigade commander, he was stationed in Changde, southern Hunan, and was required to read English for 2 hours every morning. When studying, he closed the door and hung a sign outside the door, which read "Feng Yuyang is dead" and refused to let outsiders in. After learning, the signboard on the door was changed to "Feng Yuxiang is still alive".