The unforgettable social practice life is over. I believe you will have a lot of feelings. Let's sum up the harvest and contribution of this experience. So what is the format of the practice report? The following is a sample report of social practice in my hometown survey, which is for reference only. Welcome to reading.
Report on social practice of hometown investigation 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University: gongs and drums sound to welcome the new year, and yangko dances to welcome the new year. "The firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze send warm enters Tu Su." During the Spring Festival, the members of the propaganda and research group of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Liaocheng University did not forget their tasks. On the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, members took their cameras to the streets to investigate the folk customs of their hometown and feel the happy atmosphere of people's New Year.
"pa! Bang! Hey! " The firecrackers in the street sounded the joy of the New Year, which was deafening and beaming. One by one, the children set off firecrackers, which mixed into a ball and cut through the sky. Look at the villagers' spontaneous yangko team, which is in full swing for rehearsal before the performance. They are dressed in red and green uniforms, holding a red silk handkerchief in one hand and a colorful fan in the other. I don't shy away from amateurs at all. Look at that uncle who plays drums. He is also in high spirits. The whole atmosphere is full of flavor. The team members also did not forget to interview this group of "dancers" on the spot. During the interview, the team members learned that these movements were practiced in their spare time. As farmers, they don't know much about yangko, so they integrate these actions into their daily farm work, such as "picking sticks" and "picking cotton peaches". After a rehearsal, the yangko players began to perform around the village, and the children immediately took the stage. Xiao Man's waist drum played with a unique flavor, and the players also gave a thumbs up. During the break of the performance, the team members asked the dancers how to dance yangko. In the long run, the members of the research group also acted as performers and danced happily in the street.
"We farmers practice these action pictures for happiness and comfort," said the leader's aunt cheerfully.
Through this activity, students not only have a deep understanding of traditional folk customs, but also have a further understanding of the improvement of people's level since the reform and opening up, and at the same time, they have strengthened their determination to uphold the party's leadership and pursue a better life. "We firmly believe that the future of the motherland will be more brilliant and people's lives will be higher and higher," said captain Geng Honglin.
Report on Social Practice of Hometown Investigation 2 With the ringing of the New Year bell, the warm spring breeze of 20XX has quietly blown across our faces. Over the past XX years, the party and the state have continuously implemented a series of policies, which have effectively reduced the burden on farmers, promoted the development of rural economy, education, medical care and other undertakings, and promoted the optimization and adjustment of agricultural structure. The whole society has also paid unprecedented attention to the "three rural issues". Taking advantage of this east wind, during the winter vacation, I made an in-depth and detailed investigation on the production and living conditions of rural farmers in my hometown. By visiting farmers and township governments, I learned about the income and expenditure structure of rural farmers, as well as the medical and health care and education situation in rural areas. Through investigation and interview, I gained some valuable practical experience and visited the government staff of the local departments concerned on some urgent and pressing issues. Finally, I came to this report with my own thinking.
general situation
My hometown Songyang County is located in the south of Zhejiang Province. It is an uncut natural treasure in the mountainous areas of Fujian and Zhejiang, and has the largest mountain basin in southern Zhejiang-Songgu Plain. The unique natural environment has created a social environment with rich economy, simple folk customs and peaceful society in Songyang in 20XX. Song Dynasty champion Shen Hui even felt that "this is the only peach blossom garden, and no one cares". However, it is this closed thought of small-scale peasant economy that makes China miss many opportunities in the tide of reform and development of small and medium-sized private enterprises, the earliest subject of China's booming market economy. Compared with the developed areas around us, we are far behind. In 20XX, when the province's per capita GDP reached $3,000, the per capita GDP of our county was only one third of the province's per capita level. In particular, the living standards of farmers, who account for 87.5% of the county's population, are still relatively low. In 20XX, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhejiang Province reached 6660 yuan, while that in our county was only 3209 yuan.
The rural areas in our county can be basically divided into three samples: Pingyuan village-in the process of industrial structure adjustment; Villages near towns-villages in the process of urbanization; Mountain village-poor.
According to the statistical report and actual investigation of government departments, through the adjustment of industrial structure, tea, edible fungi, fruits and vegetables have become the four leading agricultural industries with an output value of over 100 million yuan in this county. In recent years, tea production has developed rapidly, with an annual output value of 20XX reaching 1.45 billion. The newly-built tea market in southern Zhejiang has become one of the largest tea markets in the province, and tea planting has become a characteristic industry to increase farmers' income in emerging towns and other plain towns mentioned below.
Near the central town, the simple sales income of traditional agricultural products is no longer the main part of farmers' family income. Many farmers are also catching up with the tide of developing individual and private economy in Zhejiang Province. Many farmers turned to industries such as industry and commerce, and some even began to invest in agriculture and join in agricultural industrialization, such as establishing agricultural products processing enterprises. Their income mainly comes from operational income, entrepreneurial income and property income.
In addition, there are some mountainous towns and villages in this county, with little arable land, lack of suitable cash crops and underdeveloped industries, which cannot meet a large number of rural laborers. Going out to work has become the main source of income for local farmers. For example, Xiangxi town is such a typical example. The arable land area of the township is 6 172 mu, but the labor force is as many as 8855 people, and the per capita arable land is only 0.7 mu. There are 2396 people working outside the countryside, and some villages even export more than half of the labor force.
Second, the status quo and problems
Some of the farmers interviewed in the field survey are typical. Through the analysis and thinking of the survey results, we found some problems of the same sex:
1, farmers are generally not optimistic about the situation of increasing income, and the chance and risk of increasing income are too great.
Because of the limited land, tea farmers can't expand their scale, and the channels for increasing income are narrow. Moreover, due to the small scale of the industry, they are too dependent on the market, and the rise and fall of market prices will have a fatal impact on them.
Farmers and migrant workers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries are also cautious about the prospect of increasing income because of capital, market and policy environment.
2. Education investment has become the biggest expenditure of ordinary peasant families.
Through the reform of rural taxes and fees, our county has completely exempted most rural administrative fees such as agricultural tax and agricultural specialty tax since XX. Our county will gradually implement the system of exempting tuition and miscellaneous fees for nine-year compulsory education from 20XX. In the past, according to the general peasant family, most families had two or more children. If they go to primary school or junior high school, they can basically live on frugality at home, but not in high school. In rural areas, a high school student needs about 6000 yuan in tuition and daily expenses every year. The average peasant family's financial situation can only bear the cost of one child's high school at most, which is very difficult; If children go to college, many families cannot afford it.
3. The phenomenon of returning to poverty due to illness is widespread, and the rural medical insurance system and the minimum living security system need to be strengthened.
The rural medical insurance system has been implemented in our county for one year. Generally speaking, it is required to seek medical treatment in hospitals at or above the county and township level, and only after reaching a certain proportion of a certain amount can it be reimbursed with valid documents. For most farmers, the common ailment is to rely on earthwork or buy some commonly used medicines, and they are unwilling to go to the hospital. Medical insurance is useless to them. Farmers who actually go to the hospital to see a doctor usually spend one or two thousand yuan, and they can only get one or two hundred insurance benefits according to the regulations, which can only be regarded as a drop in the bucket. However, due to the limited financial strength of our county, the minimum living security system is limited. First, the security is small. Second, people are determined by money. The rural subsistence allowance rate is as high as 50%, which deserves the attention of relevant government departments.
4. The development of financial and credit undertakings of rural credit cooperatives lags behind. In the survey, more than 70% farmers think it is troublesome or troublesome to borrow money from bank credit cooperatives. In fact, in most rural areas of our country, in order to avoid risks, ordinary commercial banks do not provide loans to individual farmers at all, considering the small loan amount, concentration and difficulty in repayment. Basically, it is a situation of "only accepting deposits and not lending", while the traditional rural credit cooperatives have no effective loan mechanism for farmers because of the backward management system, which is also "difficult to lend" to farmers, although the country has carried out rural financial system reform in the past two years. When farmers are short of funds, most farmers choose to borrow money from relatives and friends or raise funds by other means. Because of "difficulty in borrowing money", the industrialization of farmers' families can't develop, and the road to getting rich becomes tortuous, which gradually becomes an important bottleneck restricting the economic development of rural farmers' families.
Report on social practice of hometown investigation III. Increasing farmers' income, rural development and agricultural modernization is a systematic project. Rural tax and fee reform, township financial system reform, rural financial system reform, rural medical and educational system reform, rural democratic political construction, agricultural industrial structure adjustment, new farmer cooperative economic organization construction, and the "Thousand Villages Demonstration and Thousand Villages Renovation" project aimed at improving the living environment of farmers in our province all constitute an organic whole.
Because the winter vacation time is limited, and our county is a traditional agricultural county, the employees engaged in the primary industry account for 73.5% of the employees in the county, and agricultural industrialization is the main means to increase farmers' income in our county in the next few years, so I set the direction of in-depth understanding of the above-mentioned agricultural industrialization in the first-class rural plain villages in our county, and visited Xinxing Township, a typical representative of the tea industry transformation in our county, and interviewed relevant government staff.
Present situation of tea industrialization management in Xinxing Township
After several years of agricultural structure adjustment and screening planting, Xinxing Township has formed a leading agricultural industry with distinct advantages, mainly tea. The tea base is more than 10,000 mu, with an output value of 400 million yuan, and the output value of efficient tea gardens is over 10,000 yuan per mu. More than 90% farmers in the township are engaged in the tea industry, of which about 10% farmers have established tea processing enterprises, and manual workshop-style processing households are everywhere. The tea green market in this township has reached 6,900 tons in 20XX, with a turnover of 410.4 million yuan, making it one of the largest tea green trading markets in China. Brand awareness has gradually taken root in people's hearts, and large enterprises generally attach importance to brand building and strive to establish their own brands. In this regard, the government has also given strong support, investing millions to build brands for several years in a row. Songyang Yinhou series green tea has passed the green food certification, and its series standards have been revised many times, and it has begun to declare provincial and local agricultural standards. Rural specialized cooperative organizations started in 20XX, and their operation is still relatively loose. Through the management of tea industry, the per capita income of farmers in this township has been greatly improved compared with traditional agriculture, reaching 4388 yuan, which is higher than the county average.
Second, the main problems
1) land problem
Among the 10,000 mu tea bases in the township, except for some agricultural bases developed by business owners, most of them are "patchwork clothes" connected by farmers' independent development of "three points per mu". Decentralized management of farmers not only brings great difficulties to standardized pollution-free production, but also seriously restricts the popularization of science and technology and mechanized production, increasing labor costs. For example, labor costs often account for a quarter of the output value of an acre of green tea, and mechanical tea picking can improve the efficacy by 4-5 times. Moreover, decentralized management enables most farmers to independently complete production, supply and marketing, and cannot affect market supply and demand and prices, resulting in high industry risks. However, professional cooperative organizations mostly operate in the form of "company+farmers", and have not yet formed a real interest relationship with farmers. When the price is high, farmers sell it themselves, and when the price is low, enterprises are unwilling to buy it at the agreed price, which is often a contradiction. These are also urgent problems to be solved in the development of agricultural industrialization and the increase of farmers' income.
2) Industrial chain problems
At present, the tea processing enterprises in this township are unable to expand their scale because of their limited bases, imperfect interest linkage mechanism with farmers, and weak links between production, supply and marketing and agriculture, industry and commerce. Other manual workshops have poor sanitary conditions and loose management, which leads to outstanding quality problems of agricultural products and even discredits Songyang's tea brand. Due to the limitation of scale, the tea processing capacity in this township is greatly limited. Many farmers grow tea mainly for fresh sale, and as a result, the huge profits from processing links are given to the tea processing industry in other places. Moreover, most processing enterprises are limited to primary processing, lacking fine processing and deep development, and without their own brands, it is difficult to extend the industrial chain. In addition, the township's sales team is small in number and weak in quality, and the export of agricultural products depends on foreign businessmen. This in itself is also an important part of the extension of the industrial chain, which can not only absorb the labor force, increase farmers' income, but also solve a series of problems brought about by the decentralized management of farmers with scarce land.
3) Brand issues
It is not enough to rely solely on the government to build a brand. Brand needs large-scale production and professional sales, and needs the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and farmers. At present, although our county has a series of brands of Silver Monkey, which leads the market, most of the enterprises can't meet the requirements in scale and strength, and lack of a strong tea marketing team of farmers, which makes our brand unable to lead the tea industry in the county well and form a leaderless situation.
Three countermeasures and suggestions
In addition to using limited financial strength to increase support for rural development of farmers' lives, it is more important for the government to make good planning and guidance, provide guidance and norms for institutional innovation of agricultural development, improve the degree of organization of agricultural industrial cooperative management, and provide effective information for farmers. On the one hand, farmers are encouraged to turn to the secondary and tertiary industries to solve the shortage of decentralized land management; on the other hand, employees in the secondary and tertiary industries are guided to invest in the primary industry of the county or provide services to realize the linkage between industries and form a complete industrial chain structure. Combining the adjustment of rural industrial structure with the acceleration of labor transfer and reducing rural population to solve the problem of land shortage are two magic weapons to solve the problem of increasing farmers' income and getting rich.
For example, we can organize professional training, encourage farmers to go out, open specialty stores for agricultural products, develop brands through the media such as tea ceremony culture, tea fairs and agricultural fairs, and enhance the marketing power of agricultural products in this county through the media such as internet and television. The government can also join hands with enterprises to establish an authoritative agricultural product information network to provide farmers with timely and accurate information on production, prices, meteorology and climate, provide medium and long-term market forecast and analysis, and help farmers arrange production according to market demand.
Under the effective guidance of the government, farmers try their best to join industry cooperative organizations, learn from the models of Jinhua, Wenzhou and other surrounding areas, and improve them in combination with their own reality, so as to promote standardized pollution-free production of agricultural bases and cooperative management of agriculture, expand industrial scale and extend industrial chain. Only through transformation and processing can we increase the value of agricultural products, create brands and improve competitiveness. And through the processing industry and the follow-up publicity and sales industry, we can also absorb some of the transferred labor. The growth of these industries can enhance our brand strength, truly enlarge and strengthen brand-name products, and realize the high efficiency of the whole industry.
Agricultural industrialization should also take the road of sustainable development, closely combine with "developing agriculture through science and technology" and "ecological agriculture", constantly improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products and improve the utilization rate of resources. For example, with the help of agricultural science and technology workers, while the total output of tea in the county is constantly expanding, tea products can be deeply developed, and unique ingredients in tea can be extracted by biotechnology to make health care products, cosmetics and other related products. It is also necessary to adjust the tea planting plan in time, implement the construction of standardized tea bases, popularize mechanized picking operations, improve work efficiency and save costs.
Four summaries
The significance of investigation lies in the process! On the first day of the investigation, my father said to me.
Indeed, the problems in rural areas are very complicated, and what I know is only a scratch. The results of the investigation are meaningless to the rural problems themselves, but the process of investigation is a social experience and a development of life for me!
At present, the population of China is 654.38+300 million, including 900 million farmers. In the modernization process of China's socialist reform and opening up, such problems are inevitable, and the fundamental solution of the "three rural issues" also requires the long-term joint efforts of the whole society. I firmly believe that under the leadership of China's * * * production party, and under the general environment that the whole Chinese nation is united to promote agricultural development, although the road of agricultural development in China is tortuous, the future of rural areas in China and farmers in China is infinitely bright!
My hometown Cangshan County is now the famous hometown of Flammulina velutipes in China. Following the hometown of garlic, the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes has gradually become a scale. Now, there are more than a dozen Flammulina velutipes bases in my hometown, and the planting area has accounted for more than 20% of the total area. Moreover, my family is also a Flammulina velutipes grower. There are five greenhouses at home, which can grow 80,000 Jin of Flammulina velutipes. During the winter vacation, I decided to conduct a social practice survey to learn more about the production of Flammulina velutipes in the front line. First introduce the planting value of Flammulina velutipes:
First of all, the scientific name of Flammulina velutipes is commonly known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes. , belonging to Flammulina velutipes. Flammulina velutipes is an edible fungus cultivated in autumn, winter and early spring. It is famous for its smooth lid, crisp handle, rich nutrition and delicious taste. Flammulina velutipes is not only delicious, but also nutritious. It contains complete essential amino acids, especially lysine, arginine and zinc, which has a good effect on children's height and intellectual development. Dried Flammulina velutipes contains 8.87% protein, 60.2% carbohydrate and 7.4% crude fiber, which can prevent and cure canker if eaten frequently. Recent research also shows that it also contains a kind of Pleurotus eryngii, which can enhance the resistance to cancer cells. Eating Flammulina velutipes regularly can also inhibit the increase of blood sugar and lower cholesterol. Fungal food originally had a pure green logo. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to healthy diet and nutritious diet, and more people turn their attention to Flammulina velutipes. At the same time, Flammulina velutipes is also recommended by network and health programs. At present, it is not only in China, but also all over the world. China is a big agricultural country, and a large part of the processed Flammulina velutipes are sold abroad. The market is very tight, and the demand is in short supply everywhere. Flammulina velutipes has a very broad prospect.
I also learned the market information of Flammulina velutipes: Flammulina velutipes is a sure-fire industry. At present, the average price of Flammulina velutipes is about 2.3 yuan per catty, and 30,000 kilograms of raw materials are invested per mu, which can be picked three or four times a year. The output of the first crop is about 24,000 kg, and the net profit of the first crop alone is 1 1,000 yuan, which is conservatively converted into profit, and the future output is 30,000 yuan. The economic benefit is very high, and its breeding cycle is as follows. Due to various advantages, the planting scale of Flammulina velutipes is still expanding. It is conceivable that the Flammulina velutipes base in my hometown will continue to expand and the business will continue to flourish.
My first job is to clean the greenhouse, which is a complicated job, which needs to be built, laid, disinfected and so on. And then packaging. The so-called packaging is to put the nutrients needed for mycelium growth in a small plastic bag. This is the busiest and most exhausting work, because it is often necessary to put more than 8,000 kilograms of materials in each small bag at a time. Usually, we ask the villagers for help and then pay them. It is precisely because of the complicated and busy work that several families often cooperate to complete the packing procedure.
After the packaging is completed, these small packages need to be sterilized, and they need to be built into a large cuboid, and then sterilized at high temperature with a large boiler. It takes about 48 hours to burn a pot of material, and it takes 1500 Jin of charcoal. Then there is the crucial vaccination link. Is to inoculate the strain in a sterile bag, which requires strict sterility. It is done in a special inoculation box and needs disinfection, usually by smoking. This is a tedious link that I have been repeating all summer vacation.
In the course of my work, I used the theory of statistics and analysis to estimate the cost and benefit of planting Flammulina velutipes. Taking an acre of greenhouse as an example, this paper comprehensively analyzes the planting and actual situation in Cangshan County, my hometown:
Cultivation time. Flammulina velutipes is a low-temperature fungus, and the optimum temperature is 8-10 degrees Celsius, from August of that year to March of the following year. Pleurotus ostreatus is a thermophilic fungus. According to the characteristics of varieties, stubble can be arranged, Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated before wheat and Flammulina velutipes can be cultivated after autumn, which can achieve win-win and double benefits. The production time of mushrooms was around the year before last. During the slack season, people who went out to work also returned home one after another, without taking up other labor time.
The cost of building a shed is only incurred in the first year, and will be greatly reduced in the future. In this way, the net profit is more than 20,000 yuan a year. The cultivation technology of Flammulina velutipes is simple and easy to learn, with less labor and short time span. Let me have more interest in this industry, but also let me have more patience to continue to experience this labor. In the process of experience, I found that the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes did not lose money, and it was a steady profit-making industry. It's just a matter of earning more and earning less. Output and quality are related to personal management level. I began to feel extremely proud of the characteristic industries in my hometown, and I am willing to continue my experience.
During this process, I was lucky enough to practice in the local Flammulina velutipes processing base for a week, where I learned several processing methods of Flammulina velutipes:
1, primary processing
2. salinization
(1) Pre-cooking: Boil 5% ~ 10% salt water in aluminum pot, pour in Flammulina velutipes, cook for 5 ~ 7 minutes, take out and drain.
3. canning
Soak high-quality Flammulina velutipes in boiling water for a few minutes, take it out, decolorize it, then put it in physiological saline, make it into cans, and autoclave it to make it into cans. The process flow is as follows: collecting, selecting, deactivating enzyme, cooling, sub-packaging, adding liquid, discharging, gas cap sterilization (123 ~ 130℃ for 30 ~ 90 minutes), cooling and heat preservation (38℃), and finished product inspection.
4, plastic film vacuum packaging
5. Dry ...
In this winter vacation, I helped my family pack and inoculate, and then went to the local Flammulina velutipes processing base to learn about several processing methods of Flammulina velutipes. I feel that I have learned a lot, and my agricultural skills and common sense have been greatly improved. Flammulina velutipes industry in my hometown is proud of the hard work and wisdom of the villagers.
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