China Tea Ceremony absorbed the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Buddhism emphasizes "Zen tea blindly", tea is used to help Zen and tea is used to worship Buddha. While appreciating the bitterness and quietness from tea, Buddhism and Zen are also injected into the tea ceremony, which is beneficial for tea people to regard the tea ceremony as a way of self-cultivation, so as to achieve the purpose of clearing the heart and seeing the nature. Taoist theory injects the philosophical thought of "harmony between man and nature" into the tea ceremony of tea people and establishes the soul of tea ceremony. At the same time, it also provides the aesthetic concept of advocating nature, simplicity and truth and the idea of rebirth, attaching importance to life and keeping in good health.
First, humanized nature.
Humanized nature is manifested in people's desire to return to nature and people's understanding of Tao in tea ceremony. Specifically, humanized nature is characterized by being willing to be close to nature when drinking tea, being able to communicate with nature in thoughts and feelings, and being comparable to nature in personality, and understanding the laws of nature through tea drinking practice. This humanized nature is a typical embodiment of the Taoist thought that "heaven and earth coexist with me and everything is unique to me". China tea ceremony is different from Japanese tea ceremony, and China tea ceremony has a strong desire for "humanization and naturalization", which shows that tea drinkers are pursuing the realm of leaving their feelings in the mountains and rivers, forgetting their feelings and melting into them. Yuan Haowen's poem Drinking Tea is a concrete portrayal of the harmony between man and nature when drinking tea, and it is a wonderful poem that conforms to nature.
When I woke up, the ship was tired, and the purple bamboo shoots sealed before dawn.
Cold food after the Huai flint, flowers fall in front of the temple.
A breath of spring dew lasts forever, and the breeze in Wan Li is easy.
It is still possible to meet a professional, but Penglai is not going to invite a fairy.
Poets fry tea in a spring with flint, and drink tea at the falling flowers. A cup of tea like spring dew can last forever in the poet's heart, while the Wan Li breeze sends the poet to roam the countryside of Hua Xu and become immortal, roaming the three mountains of Penglai, which is the acme of humanization and nature. Only when tea people reach the realm of humanization and nature can they turn the natural character into their own, hear the natural breath from the boiling sound of the teapot, approach with their own "natural nature", fit in with the nature of the object, and understand tea ceremony, heaven and humanity.
Second, naturalized people.
"Naturalized man" refers to the personification and humanization of all things in nature. China Tea Ceremony absorbed Taoist thought, and regarded everything in nature as a living body with human character, human emotion and spiritual communication with people. Therefore, in the eyes of tea people in China, the mountains, water, rocks, sand, grass and trees of nature are particularly lovely and kind.
In the tea ceremony in China, the humanization of nature is not only manifested in the humanization of tea tasting environment such as mountains, rivers and plants, but also in the humanization of tea and tea sets.
The humanization of tea environment increases the taste of tea people. For example, Cao Song's tea is "sitting on the Cangshan Moon", Zheng Banqiao's tea is invited to sit on the Qingshan Mountain, Lu Guimeng's tea is "the wind is clear and bright", Li Ying's tea is "like a cloud to protect the valley", Miracle's tea is "the valley before the Qing Dynasty is called the cuckoo", Cao Xueqin's tea is "the golden cage parrot calls the tea soup", and Bai Juyi's tea is "the wild musk deer forest crane".
On the sunset platform, when the spring breeze sipped tea.
The stone pillar leans the pen, and the tung leaves sit on the poem.
Emerald sings clothes court, dragonfly sets fishing line.
Since it is like this every day, there is no time to go back and forth.
The poetic nature is combined with the humanization of nature, and the scene is blended, the movement is combined, the color is colorful, and the reality and the reality coexist.
Su Dongpo has a poem about the humanization of tea:
The fairy mountain spirit is wet with rain, and the fragrant muscle powder is not washed evenly.
The bright moon comes to vote for Yuchuanzi, and the breeze blows Wu Linchun.
You know, ice and snow have a kind heart, not a new face.
Don't laugh when you play a poem, but you will always be as beautiful as a beauty.
It is precisely because the Taoist philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" is integrated into the spirit of the tea ceremony that tea people in China are full of love for nature, and tea people in China have a strong desire to return to nature and get close to it. Therefore, tea people in China can best appreciate the passion of "feeling the earth moving" and the wonderful feeling of "being more conscious of nature".
Part two: Taoist thought in China's tea ceremony.
First, respect people.
In the tea ceremony in China, the idea of respecting people generally exists in the naming of tea sets and the understanding of tea. Tea people are used to calling the covered cup with tray "the cup with three talents". The cup holder is "ground", the cup cover is "sky" and the cup is "person". It means big, big, big, big. If the cup, tray and lid are served together, this method of holding the cup is called "three talents in one" If you only drink tea in a cup, put the cup holder and cup cover on the coffee table. This method is called "I am the only one". On the understanding of tea, the ancients thought that tea was the spiritual bud of the enlightenment of heaven and earth. For tea, heaven and earth have the power of cultivation, and people have the power of cultivation, and people have the greatest contribution.
Second, your life.
Valuing life is the utilitarian thought that Taoism injects into tea ceremony. Under the influence of Taoist thought of attaching importance to life, preserving health and enjoying life, China Tea Ceremony pays special attention to "the power of tea", that is, it pays attention to the health care function and the function of nourishing emotions.
Taoists don't pay attention to too many rules when tasting tea, but use tea to stimulate internal strength for the purpose of preserving health and paying attention to life. Such as Ma Yu's "Si Long Tea" wrote:
A cup of tea, two cups of tea, don't give your heart to fame and fortune, and never sleep.
Wuwei tea, natural tea, God-given meditation Taoism, sleepless work.
It can be seen that Taoist tea drinking is different from secular people who are keen on fame and fortune. People who covet utility and fame will lose sleep when drinking tea, which shows that their spiritual realm is too poor. Tea, on the other hand, is the nectar and fairy dew given to Taoism by God. Drinking tea will make you more energetic, more aware of the Tao without being sleepy, and increase your skills and behaviors.
Some Taoist experts regard tea tasting as a great pleasure to forget the troubles of the world of mortals and enjoy the spirit of leisure. In this regard, Bai Yuchan, one of the five ancestors of Nanzong, wrote beautifully in the word "Song Tou Yong Cha".
It rained in February and thundered last night.
Guns and flags compete for exhibitions, and Jian Xi leads the way in spring.
Take branches and tongues, mash them with dew smoke, and refine them into purple and gold piles.
Crushing infinite spring, flying green dust.
Draw a new spring, cook a live fire, try the future, put down rabbit hair and taste your tongue back.
Wake up Qingzhou, fight back against the sandman by millions, and never dream of a balcony.
There is a breeze under my arm and I want to go to Penglai.
Third, sit and forget.
"Sit and forget" is a kind of quiet method put forward by Taoist Shi in order to achieve the realm of "extremely empty and quiet" in tea ceremony. Influenced by Laozi's thoughts, China Tea Ceremony regards "tranquility" as one of the "four truths". How to make one's mind reach the ethereal realm of "one private, not staying", spotless and one false? Taoism also provides a meditation method for tea ceremony, which is called "sitting and forgetting", that is, forgetting yourself. Tea ceremony advocates the communication between man and nature, melts the boundary between things and me, and takes aesthetic photos of "clear mystery" and "clear heart taste", all of which can be realized by "sitting and forgetting"
Fourth, there is no self.
Taoist chef's open-minded attitude is also the way of life of China Tea Ceremony. What Taoism calls "no self" is the "no self" pursued in tea ceremony. Without me, it is not to destroy yourself physically, but to eliminate the opposition between things and me mentally, so as to conform to nature and accept everything. "No self" is the highest pursuit of artistic conception in China Tea Ceremony. In recent years, tea people on both sides of the Taiwan Province Strait frequently hold international "no-self" tea parties, and Japanese and Korean tea people also actively participate in them, which is a beneficial attempt to the realm of "no-self".
Fifth, the Tao is natural, returning to simplicity.
China Tea Ceremony emphasizes "Taoism is natural", which includes three levels: material, behavior and spirit.
Materially, China Tea Ceremony holds that "tea is the best wood in the south". It is a "precious wood bud" given by nature. Planting, picking and making tea must conform to the laws of nature in order to produce good tea.
In terms of behavior, China Tea Ceremony pays attention to the natural flavor, a simple flavor, which flows in the East, is as quiet as a rock, smiles like spring flowers, says it is like a mountain spring, gestures and smiles should all come from nature, not artificial.
Spiritually, Taoism is natural, returning to nature, which is manifested in completely liberating one's sexual experience, making one's mind quiet, indifferent, lonely and inaction, making one's mind filled with tea fragrance, as if it were integrated with the universe and sublimated to the realm of "realizing oneself".