Mount Tai is also called Daishan, Daizong, Daiyue, Dongyue and Taiyue. There are many names, the highest in the country. The name of Mount Tai was first seen in the Book of Songs, and "Tai" means great, stable and peaceful. Mount Tai stands abruptly in Qilu, an ancient country on the edge of North China Plain. Together with Hengshan, Hengshan, Huashan and Songshan, it is called the Five Mountains. Because it is located in the east, it is called Dongyue, so it is called "the length of five mountains". ..... East of the magnificent sea, west of the Yellow River with a long history, surpassing Qilu, has been the political, economic and cultural center of the East for thousands of years. Taishan has profound cultural connotation, and its ancient buildings are mainly in Ming and Qing dynasties, integrating architecture, painting, sculpture, rocks and trees. It is a great and solemn symbol of oriental civilization. For thousands of years, Mount Tai has become a sacred mountain for emperors to worship heaven. With the meditation of the emperor, Mount Tai was deified, and two schools of Buddhism and Taoism, literati and celebrities flocked to Mount Tai and Tai 'an, leaving many places of interest. The natural landscape of Mount Tai is majestic and tall. Because of the infiltration and rendering of spiritual culture and the contrast of human landscape for thousands of years, it is known as the "head of the five mountains". It is the epitome of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation and has now become a precious heritage of the world. Mount Tai Scenic Area, centered on the main peak of Mount Tai, is distributed radially and is formed by the fusion of natural landscape and human landscape. From the place of worship to the Dai Temple in Taicheng, where the emperor was stationed, and then to the Jade Emperor's Peak, a 10-kilometer axis of hell-earth-heaven was formed.
Mount Tai has extremely beautiful and spectacular natural scenery, and its main characteristics are male, strange, dangerous, beautiful, quiet and Austrian. The towering, majestic, heavy and beautiful natural landscape of Mount Tai often makes people lament, and there are countless places of interest and stone carvings on cliffs, making Artest a rare historical and cultural tourist attraction in the world. Mount Tai scenic spot is divided into five areas: foothills, secluded, strange, Austrian and broad, in which the foothills and mountains set each other off, and the ancient temples are deep, located on the route around the mountains between the middle road and the west road in the south of Mount Tai. Surrounded by greenery, the secluded place is one step at a time, which is dizzying. It is located between Daimiao Road and Nantianmen. From Nantianmen to Tianjie, although the terrain is flat, there is a hole in the sky and the scenery is particularly pleasant. This part is called the wonderful area. The shadow of Mount Tai is Houshiwu, where trees are lush, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, and it is known as the Olympic District. The open area is located in Dazhong Bridge, across Heilongtan, along Xixi Bridge to Zhongtianmen, with paved roads and deep streams. So there is a feeling of "climbing Mount Tai and being small in the world" and "reaching the top, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.". .
There are many places of interest in Mount Tai, including Daimiao, Zhao Pu Temple, Wangmuchi, Guandi Temple, Hong Men Palace, Doumu Palace, Stone Valley, Wusong Pavilion, Bi Xia Temple, Xianren Bridge, Sunrise Peak, Nantianmen and Yuhuangding. Among them, the rising sun, the sunset glow, the golden belt of the Yellow River and the jade plate of the sea of clouds are known as the four wonders of Daiding.
Location: It is located in the middle of Shandong, at the southern foot of Mount Tai, bordering Jinan, the provincial capital, Qufu, the holy city in the south, Zibo, the capital of Qidu, in the east and the Yellow River in the west.
Climate: The climate of Mount Tai is characterized by four distinct seasons. It is cool in summer, and the average temperature in the hottest July is only 17℃. Even if you climb a mountain in hot summer, you will feel cool and comfortable under the shade of pine and cypress. When you get to the top of the mountain, you need to bring cold-proof clothes. Although summer is the rainy season of Mount Tai, if we can catch up with the summer rain and clear up, we can enjoy the magnificent scenery of the top of the mountain with red clouds and blue waves at our feet. Spring and autumn are mild, with an average temperature of 10℃, but there are many sandstorms in spring. Wan Li has less wind and rain, more sunshine, crisp autumn and cloudless Wan Li, which is the golden season for climbing to watch the sunrise. Although the weather is cold in winter, there are more opportunities to watch the sunrise.
The best travel time: visit Mount Tai, April-165438+ 10, and watch the sunrise in autumn. The sunset at Daiding is more attractive than the sunrise. It is said that you can see the Yellow River when the weather is fine. When it snows in winter, the scenery is beautiful. Don't give up climbing easily on rainy days. At this moment, the mountains often meet the wonders of the sea of clouds, and it will be even luckier if they meet the sea of clouds at sunrise. There are too many people in Mount Tai during the Golden Week, but the cable car and Panshan Highway on Mount Tai are really well managed.
Area: 426 square kilometers
Administrative Division: It governs Taishan and Daiyue, Xintai and Feicheng, and Ningyang and Dongping.
Summary: Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains, is the symbol of the Chinese nation, the epitome of splendid oriental culture, and the resting place of the idea of "harmony between man and nature". 1987 is listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Since ancient times, Mount Tai has been regarded as a symbol of social stability, political consolidation, national prosperity and national unity. No matter who became an emperor in past dynasties, the first important thing was to worship Mount Tai, which made Mount Tai the only famous mountain in China. Both emperors and generals, as well as famous masters, hold Mount Tai in high esteem. Confucius's "Climbing Mount Tai and Being Less Than the World" is a much-told story, and Du Fu's "Climbing to the Top, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.."
Chinese name: Mount Tai
English name: Mount Tai
Country: People's Republic of China (PRC)
Mainland: Asia
Approval time: 1987
Approval criteria
1987 according to the selection criteria of cultural heritage and natural heritage c (i) c (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi); ㈤㈥； N(III) is listed in the World Heritage List.
Taishan Scenic Area, located in the middle of Shandong, spans Tai 'an and Jinan, with a total area of 426 square kilometers. Mount Tai, called Daizong in ancient times, was changed to Mount Tai in the Spring and Autumn Period and called Dongyue, ranking first among the five mountains. Mount Tai not only has research value in geology, history and culture, but also has high artistic value and aesthetic value.
Taishan area experienced severe crustal ups and downs in Archean, and finally formed today's Taishan 30 million years ago. The Cambrian gneiss group in Taishan area is the basement of North China platform, with abundant outcrops, rich fossils and well-preserved. Taishan complex was formed in Archean, with an age of about 2 billion years. Taishan Mountain is rich in traces of crustal movement and rich in geological research results, and has a famous geological research base, which is of worldwide geological scientific research value.
Yuhuangding, the main peak of Mount Tai, is at an altitude of1.545m, protruding from the North China Plain and above the Qilu hills, with a relative elevation difference of1.300m.. Its visual effect is particularly tall, reaching the sky and rising from the ground, forming the lofty momentum that "all other mountains are dwarfed under the sky". . Mount Tai stretches over 200 kilometers and is located in Fiona Fang, covering an area of 426 square kilometers. It is concentrated in shape, producing a heavy and stable feeling, just as the word "as steady as Mount Tai" says. Mount Tai has hard lithology and developed joints. Gu Song and boulder set each other off, and clouds and Asahi set each other off, abrupt and majestic.
Mount Tai has a long human history and rich cultural heritage. From the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age 40,000-50,000 years ago, there were traces of human activities around Mount Tai. These ancient cultural relics, which have been scientifically identified through archaeological excavations, show that Mount Tai is an important birthplace of the long-standing civilization of the Chinese nation, and it is honored as the sacred mountain of China. About 50,000 to 60,000 years ago, people began to worship Mount Tai. Mount Tai worship is the most representative mountain worship of China people. According to ancient documents, there were 72 emperors who visited Mount Tai in the pre-Qin period to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth. Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also came here to hold amenorrhea ceremonies. From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the Kanggan period of the Qing Dynasty, the status of Mount Tai was promoted to an unbounded realm. This Zen-worshipping activity lasted for thousands of years in Mount Tai, running through the whole China people and feudal society. With the popularity of the "Five Elements" theory, Mount Tai was named Dongshan and was honored as the head of the five mountains. Mount Tai attracted a large number of literati in the past dynasties, leaving many immortal masterpieces and calligraphy Mo Bao. Taoist figures have been active in Taishan area since the Han and Wei Dynasties. During the Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing Dynasties, Taoism in Taishan developed greatly and gradually became brilliant. In the middle of the 4th century, Buddhism was introduced into Mount Tai. In 35 1 year, a temple was founded in Mount Tai. Someone in the Northern Qi Dynasty carved the Diamond Sutra in the Stone Valley.
Evaluation by the World Heritage Committee:
The solemn and sacred Mount Tai has been the object of worship of emperors for two thousand years, and its humanistic masterpieces are perfectly and harmoniously integrated with the natural landscape. Mount Tai has always been the spiritual source of artists and scholars in China and a symbol of ancient civilization and belief in China.
Taishan scenic tourist area includes six scenic spots: secluded area, open area, Olympic area, wonderful area, beautiful area and beautiful area.
The quiet area of Mount Tai refers to the middle road tourist area, which is the most famous mountaineering route. From the starting point of the hiking trail, it passes through Zhongtianmen to Nantianmen, with a total length of 5.5 kilometers, almost all of which are trails. * * * There are 6290 steps.
Along the way, the scenery is deep, the peaks turn, and there are many strange rocks and ancient trees. The main scenic spots are the memorial archway of Daizong Square, Guandi Temple, Tianmen, the place where Confucius boarded, Hongmen Palace, Wanxianlou, Doumu Palace, Stone Valley, Hutian Pavilion, Zhongtianmen, Yunbuqiao, Wusongting, Xi hope people loose, Dui Songshan, Mengxian Temple, Shengxianfang and slate plate.
The vast area of Mount Tai refers to Xixi scenic spot, which is the western road of mountaineering. There is a winding mountain road from Dazhong Bridge, which can go directly to Zhongtianmen. In addition, there is a winding mountain climbing road with beautiful peaks, deep valleys, deep waterfalls and gurgling streams on both sides. The main landscapes in the development area are: Huangxihe, Changshou Bridge, Wuji Temple, yuanshi county Tianzun Temple, Fanya, Tianshengzhai, Heilongtan and Bailongchi.
The wonderful area of Mount Tai rises all the way from the secluded area of Mount Tai. After eighteen rounds, I boarded the worse gate and entered the wonderful area of Mount Tai, namely Daiding tourist area. In addition to deeply feeling the remains left by nature and our ancestors, we can really appreciate the great spirit that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ... The main landscapes in Miao areas are: Nantianmen, Yueguanfeng, Tianjie, Baiyun Cave, Confucius Temple, Bi Xia Temple, Cliff at the end of Tang Dynasty, Jade Emperor Peak, Sea Exploration Stone, Sunguanfeng and Zhan Lu Terrace.
Taishan Olympic Sports Zone is a scenic spot centered on the Tenth Five-Year Plan in the future, which is characterized by majestic peaks, rugged rocks, beautiful scenery in Gu Song, birds and flowers, and grandeur. It can be reached from the wonderful place of Mount Taishan Top by cableway to Houshan. The main attractions in the Olympic area are: Eight Immortals Cave, Grandma Temple, Single Footboard, Tianzhu Peak, Jiulonggang, Huanghua Cave, Lotus Cave, and Remote Observatory. What is even more amazing is the ingenious nature: the famous Yuanyang pine, Wolong pine, Dragonfly pine, Sister pine and Candle flame pine are inlaid in colorful rocks like pearls.
Taishan Li District is a tourist area at the foot of Mount Tai and Taicheng, where you can feel the beauty of Mount Tai without climbing mountains. Its main landscapes include Shuanglongchi, Yaocan Pavilion, Daimiao, Daizongfang Arch Paifang, Wangmuchi, Guandi Temple, Zhao Pu Temple, Wuxian Temple, Hanmingtang, Sanyangguan and new landscapes that are constantly being opened up.
Xiuqu Mountain in Mount Tai mainly includes Taohuayu Scenic Area and Cherry Blossom Circle Scenic Area, which is located at the west foot of Mount Tai. Taohuayu is deep and beautiful, with wonderful scenery. And there is a cableway to the main peak. Cherry circle is not far from the city, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, and streams are gurgling. Xiuqu is a good place for Tai 'an people to spend their holidays and relax. If tourists have enough time, they must go. The main scenic spots in Taohuayuan Scenic Area are Trident Tip, Tiger Valley, Caidaixi, Houzhaimen, Wudao Renan and Gukou.
Leshan
Leshan, known as Jiazhou in ancient times, is located in the southwest of Sichuan Basin, kilometers, and is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province. It is located more than 60 kilometers north of the provincial capital Chengdu/kloc-0. Leshan City is located at the intersection of Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River. It is a national historical and cultural city and a key scenic tourist city. Traffic extends in all directions, chengdu-kunming railway runs through the whole territory, and Chengle expressway has also been completed and opened to traffic.
Leshan is one of the earliest developed areas in Sichuan. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties, its salt industry and iron smelting industry were quite developed. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, agriculture and handicrafts were relatively prosperous, and the history books said that "mountains and rivers have hair salons, and merchants have noise". Today, Leshan is not only the production base of grain and non-staple food in Sichuan, but also the famous production base of coal, cement, electricity, mechanical and electrical products, paper making and salt chemical industry.
Leshan is the first batch of key scenic tourist cities in China that are open to the outside world. Known as "the scenery of the world's mountains and rivers is in Shu, and Shu is better than history". With Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha as the center, dozens of national and provincial scenic spots are distributed radially and relatively concentrated. Wuyou Mountain, Lingyun Mountain and Dongyan Mountain are continuous, forming a magnificent "giant sleeping Buddha" natural landscape. Located on the cliff facing the Minjiang River in Lingyun, Shanxi Province, Leshan Giant Buddha, the world's tallest carved Maitreya Buddha, was built in the Tang Dynasty, with a height of 7 1 m, a history of 1 200 years ago, at 1 99 1 year. 1996 UNESCO approved Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha as a double natural and cultural heritage of the world. Ma Hao Cliff Tomb behind Leshan Giant Buddha is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Mount Emei, one of the four Buddhist holy places in China, is famous for its beauty, beauty, strangeness and seclusion. It is one of the 40 tourist attractions in 199 1 China. There is Heizhugou in Ebian, known as "Bermuda in China", and there is Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, which is one of the habitats of giant pandas.
Leshan is a famous historical and cultural city with a history of nearly 3000 years. It is the hometown of Guo Moruo, a cultural master, and is famous at home and abroad for its Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha, a world cultural and natural heritage. Leshan is one of the most culturally developed areas in Sichuan, with a large number of talented people, including Guo Moruo, a great master of contemporary literature, and Li Mi, a famous writer in history. From the tens of thousands of cliff tombs unearthed today, we can see the social and cultural development level of Leshan in Han Dynasty, the most representative of which is the remains of Erya annotated by Guo Sheren, a writer of Han Dynasty in Wu Youshan. In the Tang Dynasty, Leshan built a huge Lingyun Buddha project. The most outstanding figures in Leshan in Song Dynasty were Su Dongpo and his son. In modern history, the historical landscape gave birth to such a great scholar as Guo Moruo. Shi School is unique in Sichuan traditional Chinese painting and enjoys a high reputation. The International Dragon Boat Festival and the International Tourism Buddha Festival have certain influences at home and abroad. Jiading silk sells well both inside and outside the province, and "Shui Bo silk", "Aconitum silk", "Silk brocade" and "Goose silk" become tributes. Jiajiang's papermaking is quite famous. Yao Maoshu (1950- 1985), a native of Leshan, was the first warrior to drift with the Yangtze River. 1994, the State Council announced Leshan as a national historical and cultural city.
Leshan area is located in the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to southwest mountainous area, with low terrain in the southwest and high terrain in the northeast, and the height difference is great, which has formed many climate types under specific geographical environment conditions. The city belongs to the tropical climate zone of Central Asia, with four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, the same season of water and heat, long frost-free period and superior agricultural climate conditions. The annual average temperature is between 16.5- 18.0 degrees, and greater than or equal to 0℃ >; The accumulated temperature is 6 100-6500, the annual average frost-free period is over 300 days, the annual average frost days are 4.2-9.4 days, and the annual average snowfall days are only 1.0-2.7 days. It is a high-producing area of various agricultural and sideline products such as rice, wheat, oilseeds, sugar, fruits and cotton. There are obvious vertical differences in the climate in the southwest mountainous areas. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are complete climatic zones of middle subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, temperate zone and cold temperate zone in turn. Microclimate conditions are very complicated. It is an area where comprehensive agricultural management and three-dimensional agriculture are developed in this area. It is the main producing area of wood, tea and Chinese herbal medicines, and it is also a valuable tourism resource. Affected by monsoon and topographic uplift, the climate is humid and the rainfall is abundant. The annual average precipitation is above 65,438 0,000mm in most areas, above 65,438 0,500mm in Emei, and below 65,438 0,000mm only in Ebian and Jinkou River. Precipitation varies seasonally, with 80% in summer and autumn and only 20% in winter and spring.
After 20 years of agricultural reform and opening up in Leshan, the rural economy has developed greatly. The coordinated development of rural forestry, animal husbandry and fishery has formed five leading industries: animal husbandry, forestry, tea, vegetables and township enterprises. From 65438 to 0999, the city's GDP was 135 billion yuan. Among them, the primary industry was 3.566 billion yuan, the secondary industry was 3.674 billion yuan and the tertiary industry was 4.262 billion yuan. The fiscal revenue is 7.065438 billion yuan, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is 3.429 billion yuan (current price), and the per capita income of farmers is 2,072 yuan. The total grain output reached 6,543,800+302,700 tons, with 287,500 slaughtered pigs, 3,654,380+0.000 tons of meat, 47,900 tons of eggs, 34,500 tons of oil, 770,000 tons of tea, 240,000 tons of silkworm cocoons, 8 1.3 million tons of fruits and 67,000 tons of vegetables. Effective irrigated area of cultivated land 1470 1000 mu, guaranteed irrigated area1273,300 mu, guaranteed harvest area for drought and flood 100895438+0000 mu, and total power of agricultural machinery of 828,200 kilowatts. At present, our city is carrying out strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure, deepening reform, opening wider to the outside world, promoting the catch-up and leap-forward development of agricultural and rural economy, and striving to achieve the grand goal of being a strong economic city and an international excellent tourist city put forward by the municipal party Committee and the municipal government.
Gourmet:
Leshan's food flavor is similar to that of other places in Sichuan, and it is famous overseas for its spicy taste. It has the reputation of "food in China, taste in Sichuan" and enjoys the reputation of "cooking paradise". There are many kinds of local specialties and snacks here, and their tastes are endless and fragrant at home and abroad. Among them, the snow konjac in Emei Mountain is the most famous.
There are not many luxury restaurants in Leshan, but many snack bars have good sanitation and craftsmanship.
Specialty: snow konjac, dried ginger, turmeric, white ginger, day lily, coptis root, bitter bamboo shoots, dried bamboo shoots, bamboo leaf green, garlic alone, suji popcorn, ganoderma lucidum, etc.
Jiuhuashan
Jiuhua Mountain, located in Qingyang County, southern Anhui Province, is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Liu Yuxi, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was amazed when he climbed Jiuhua Mountain. He thinks that no famous mountain in the world can match Jiuhua Mountain. Li Bai went to Jiuhua Mountain three times.
The mountains are beautiful and the Vatican Palace is brightly lit.
Jiuhua Mountain is characterized by beautiful peaks and numerous Buddhist temples. As early as the Eastern Jin Dynasty (40 1), temples were built on the mountains, and later generations supplemented and expanded them, forming the "Sanli Small Temple and Wuli Great Temple", with temples all over the mountains. It is said that in its heyday, there were more than 300 temples with four or five thousand monks. There are still 50 or 60 intact temples.
To visit Jiuhua Mountain, first go to Jiuhua Street, which is more than 600 meters above sea level. It is the center of Jiuhua Mountain, where temples are mainly concentrated, so it is called "Lotus Buddha Country". It's actually a mountain village. In addition to temples, there are shops, schools, hotels and farmhouses. Visitors can stay here and visit the scenic spots on the mountain as a starting point. Huacheng Temple on Jiuhua Street is the oldest golden temple in Jiuhua Mountain and the main temple of Jiuhua Mountain. The architecture of the temple is laid out according to the mountain situation, which embodies the superb art of architectural design. Not far from Jiuhua Street to the east, there is a temple built on a cliff, which is the famous "Hundred Years Palace". On its plaque, there are ten gold words: "Give me the Centennial Palace to protect our country and defend our country." It is said that during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a monk named Innocent came to Jiuhua Mountain at the age of 26 and spent 100 years in a remote cave. Three years after his death, people found his body in the cave. Monks on the mountain thought he was reincarnated as a living Buddha, so they put the body in gold for sacrifice. Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty knew about it and later named him "Bodhisattva". So the small temple dedicated to him became more and more popular, and the temple also expanded and became one of the four jungles of Jiuhua Mountain. Visitors can see the golden body of the immaculate monk, wearing a monk's hat and red cassock, sitting on the lotus platform in the body hall of the temple.
balcony
Jiuhua Scenic Area is on the rooftop. Tiantai Mountain is the main peak of Jiuhua Mountain, with an altitude of 1300 meters. There is a saying that "if you don't go to the platform, you won't come." From Jiuhua Street to Tiantai, it is probably 15 Lishan Road, passing through many scenic spots along the way. When you reach the top of the rooftop breathlessly, the scenery in front of you will broaden your horizons and relieve your fatigue. Jiuhua Street is surrounded by mountains and is as big as a palm. Looking around, heaven and earth are integrated, and the Yangtze River is faintly visible. The cool mountain breeze brought bursts of pines, which made people intoxicated. The surrounding rocks are grotesque, mostly black. There is a huge stone with the word "inhuman" engraved on it. At this moment, it really makes people feel like they are in a fairyland. Watching the sunrise from the rooftop is said to be as magnificent as watching the sunrise from the Sun Peak in Mount Tai. Therefore, Dawn on the Roof is listed as one of the "Ten Scenes of Jiuhua".
Tourism services
The route to visit Jiuhua Mountain is to take the Yangtze River boat to Wuhu or Guichi, and then take a bus to Jiuhua Street. Guichi Cikou Port is 52km away from Jiuhua Street and Wuhu is 167km away from Jiuhua Street. There is also a shuttle bus from Anqing to Jiuhuashan, the distance is about 122 km. The ferry carries cars across the river, so passengers don't have to ferry themselves. The second way is to take a train from Nanjing to Tongling, and then take a bus to Jiuhua Street, 92 kilometers. Third, take a bus from Hangzhou to Huangshan, and transfer from Huangshan to Jiuhua Mountain. From Hefei, the distance is about 3 1 1 km, and there is also a shuttle bus. Convenient transportation.
The management of Jiuhua Mountain has been praised for several years. Jiuhua Management Office is in charge of the resources, resources, planning, development, protection and tourist reception of the whole mountain, and encourages local families to set up hotels. Now there are thousands of beds in hotels, restaurants and guest houses. Good hotels, Jiuhua Street Jiuhua Hostel, Jiuhua Mountain and Buddhist Association Hostel; East Asia Hotel and China International Travel Service are located in East Asia Hotel; There are nine lotus clubs in Zhong Min Garden; There is a guest house in Gion Temple; There are rooftop rooms on the rooftop.
The best season to visit Jiuhua Mountain is from March to 165438+ 10.
Specialty products include Jiuhua Wuyun tea, Polygonatum sibiricum, Tianzhu chopsticks and paper fans. Jiuhua vegetarian food, made of bamboo shoots, mushrooms and wild vegetables, is very popular with tourists.