stutter

Stuttering is definitely more than stuttering!

Stuttering, in English, is a very complicated language barrier, involving heredity, neurophysiological development, psychological stress, language behavior and many other aspects.

Stuttering is not just a stuttering phenomenon when you speak. In fact, it contains three closely related levels:

1. The core behavior of stuttering: also known as the core characteristics of stuttering.

It refers to your stuttering and abnormal language expression. In other words, you should have a smooth and rhythmic language expression process, which is interrupted by too many uncontrollable voices repeating, delaying and getting stuck.

2. Accessory behavior of stuttering: also known as secondary behavior of stuttering, or secondary symptoms of stuttering.

It refers to all kinds of abnormal actions and behaviors that you show in order to escape and get rid of stuttering. For example, blinking, stamping, clearing throat, facial and head twitching, biting fingers … and deliberately not talking, or avoiding some situations that make you feel stressed and stuttering.

3. Emotional reaction: The most mysterious and huge part of stuttering includes emotional and cognitive aspects.

It includes not only the negative feelings and emotions such as fear, anxiety, pressure, shame, guilt and frustration caused by stuttering, but also your views and cognition of stuttering, yourself, the whole life and the world.

When you understand the three dimensions of stuttering, we can clearly outline the real structure of eating for export through the following schematic diagram:

Schematic diagram of stuttering structure

This schematic diagram of stuttering structure contains the following three basic and most important meanings:

1. Stuttering is not a simple language problem, nor a simple psychological problem, it is a complex polyhedron!

It is a very complicated language barrier, which consists of "stuttering core behavior", "stuttering additional behavior" and "stuttering psychology". These three levels are closely intertwined and become a whole and inseparable.

2. The speech act of stuttering is the core of stuttering and the foundation of everything!

The core behavior of stuttering, that is, the language behavior of stuttering, is the root of all pain. The additional behavior of stuttering and stuttering psychology are all around it.

3. Stuttering is not static, but a dynamic vicious circle!

The core behavior of stuttering, the additional behavior of stuttering and stuttering psychology constitute a dynamic vicious circle:

The speech act of stuttering leads to stuttering psychology;

Stuttering psychology brings anxiety, tension and pressure, which will not only make you stutter more; It will also lead to additional behavior;

The additional behavior of stuttering is originally the behavior that stutterers escape and get rid of stuttering because of fear and shame. However, it makes the stutterer's language behavior more "abnormal" and eventually becomes a part of this "abnormal language behavior", which, together with the core behavior of stuttering, in turn further aggravates the deterioration of stuttering psychology.

1, performance characteristics:

(1) Difficulty (2) Repeatability (3) Intermediate resistance

2. Reason:

(1) physiological reasons. Some people think that stuttering is related to heredity or some kind of brain dysfunction.

(2) Psychological reasons. Such as mental stress, anxiety and stress. Mental factors are the main cause of stuttering.

(3) The overall language nerve function is impaired. That is, there is something wrong with the nervous system closely related to pronunciation, language understanding and even reading and writing.

(4) physiological diseases. For example, children with brain infections, head injuries and infectious diseases such as whooping cough, measles, flu and scarlet fever are also prone to stuttering.

(5) Imitation and suggestion.

3, correction and prevention:

(1) Relieve the nervousness when speaking, and pay attention to eliminating the bad stimulation.

(2) Strengthen speech training.

First, about self-treatment >; & gt& gt& gt

Maybe you, like most of the 6.5438+0.5 million stutterers in the United States, can't get proper clinical treatment for stuttering. What you can do is to treat yourself with all the treatments and related materials you can think of.

The first thing you have to do is tell yourself that you need to change all this, and you really need to change the way you speak now. Although it is difficult to do this, we should devote ourselves wholeheartedly and not slack off. Some people have an unrealistic fantasy that stuttering will disappear automatically one day, so you can't have hope. Besides, don't expect a panacea to solve your problem.

You can't passively wait for good treatment to come to you automatically one day. On the contrary, you must try to find it yourself. You have to understand that those old treatments and your efforts over the years have no influence on you. Habit is always powerful, and you will find it difficult to change it. Although the way you speak now makes you uncomfortable, you are used to it. We always flinch in front of those unknown things.

In order to get the long-term progress you want, you must be willing to endure temporary discomfort and sometimes even distress. There will be no pie in the sky. Why not spend some time and energy on treatment now and talk about it later? So how to treat it? You should completely crush the world problem of stuttering and solve it once and for all. No one thinks that it can be done without blowing dust. So should we start now?

To eradicate stuttering, a very important premise is that stutterers must be convinced that stuttering can be effectively subdued, and at the same time, they must have the spirit of struggle, hard work and loneliness. Despair, pessimism and passivity are the most dangerous enemies of self-treatment.

Second, about our self-treatment >>& gt& gt

This book is written for many stutterers in China (USA). It explains how they should control stuttering in the second person. We can say with confidence that as a stutterer, you don't need to give up your stuttering in despair, because you can change your way of speaking. You can learn to speak in a more relaxed way, instead of being as painful as before. There is no way to solve your problem easily and quickly, but taking the right self-therapy will definitely bring results.

Experience makes you doubt all the treatments that claim to solve your stuttering problem. You may have tried different treatments before, disappointed again and again, and finally suddenly woke up. This book will not promise to cure your stuttering quickly and magically, nor will it mislead you. It just explains what you can and should do to overcome your language difficulties. This book provides a reasonable and feasible correction plan based on proven treatment methods and processes. In this plan, you can walk around at will unless you are in a place where you can be observed at close range, for example, when talking on the phone. If you have a palm-sized repeater or tape recorder, you can record your voice anytime and anywhere, that would be great. The price of these devices is not too expensive. At the same time, you should also prepare a small memo.

Third, the initial cause of stuttering >>& gt& gt

There is a widely accepted view that is worth mentioning and quite interesting. The original cause of stuttering does not actually exist. Many theories have been put forward to explain the causes and characteristics of stuttering. But no theory has been confirmed or may be confirmed. These theories suggest that stuttering may be caused by environmental influences or genetic factors, or their interaction.

Whatever the cause of stuttering is, it doesn't work for you now, and it seems that these reasons are not correct now. So we think that the original cause of stuttering doesn't mean anything to you now, and it won't affect your correction process now. What you really need to consider is what makes you stutter and not get better.

You have no reason to stutter in despair all your life, which will ruin your life and career. Others have been successfully treated, so can you.

Iv. factors affecting treatment >>& gt& gt

Before explaining the detailed steps of stuttering treatment to readers, we should discuss some related factors. Because these factors are related to your attitude, viewpoint and action in correction and affect these aspects.

These factors include information that will have a substantial impact on the correction process, such as people's feelings, emotions, stress, distraction, getting help from others, motivation, etc. First of all, we point out how feelings and emotions generally affect the difficulty of language.

1) feelings and emotions

Stuttering is not a simple language barrier. It is a complex physiological and psychological dysfunction. Psychologically, we can say that stuttering is largely because stutterers try to avoid stuttering at all costs. In other words, the stutterer played an incredible joke on himself.

What happens next is that you want to speak fluently so much that you try to make your words perfect. Your pressure is getting bigger and bigger, and your problems are getting worse and worse. Unfortunately, the mechanism of language is in a delicate balance. The harder you try not to stutter, the more you stumble unintentionally.

Stuttering affects your mood, because being a stutterer is very uncomfortable. Maybe they think it is a shame to be a stutterer, even if it is not. Therefore, you are more sensitive to your own language difficulties.

Indeed, stuttering or not being able to say what you want to say fluently will make them feel very depressed. Therefore, in some cases, stutterers will feel very embarrassed and humiliated. They have to endure despair, humiliation, inferiority, depression and sometimes self-hatred.

People's emotions will make them feel fear and anxiety, which will generally affect their attitude towards others and life. Just as wagging a dog's tail can affect a dog's personality (note: I don't know where it comes from, I can't understand it), stuttering can also change the personality of a stutterer, but if you are not so sensitive and know that stuttering may or does happen, you don't need to panic at all, and soon your language will be much smoother.

Stuttering fear may be fear of words, syllables, certain people, certain occasions, making phone calls, saying one's name, etc. If you're not afraid. If the pressure were lighter, maybe you wouldn't have such language difficulties.

When your fear is strong, the corresponding stress will increase, and you will stutter more frequently and more seriously. Sometimes, your fear is very, very strong, you will be in a frenzy, and your thoughts and actions will almost be paralyzed. This kind of fear and anxiety prevents you from entering the places you like very much, and your personal experience is eclipsed a lot. This will make you feel more humiliated and embarrassed, you will feel more defeated, so you will stutter more. So the degree of your stuttering is directly proportional to the fear in your heart.

2) Tension and relaxation

Because fear can subvert muscles, muscle relaxation is the main goal of treatment. The nervousness caused by fear plays a key role in stimulating patients to stutter, and it is also a direct trigger for patients' language difficulties. If you didn't expect your language to be perfect, you wouldn't stutter like this, or at least it would be much easier for you to stutter.

How did the pressure come from? It's hard to answer. It is said that hypnosis helps to relieve stress. If you can reduce or eliminate your stress through some hypnotherapy, it is certainly very good, but unfortunately, there is no indication that hypnosis has a long-term effect.

There is another way to help patients relax. Many patients realize that if they drink some alcoholic drinks or are in a state of mild drunkenness, they will relax to some extent. Although this method usually relieves patients' stress, and in most cases, patients stutter less, we can only regret to say that this effect is temporary. So obviously this method is not worth recommending.

Unfortunately, we can't recommend any drugs to patients either. Sedatives can't complete our task.

It has been suggested that relaxation exercises can help patients reduce or eliminate tension. If patients can relax the exercise process to eliminate tension, and this effect is lasting, it is definitely a magical treatment. Many people are devoted to the research of this subject, and many stutterers have spent thousands of hours on this exercise, hoping that the effect of this exercise is worthy of the time needed for this exercise. But whether the effect can be satisfactory has not been proved.

This does not mean that relaxation exercises are frustrating. Because learning to relax is good for people's overall health-even if it doesn't cure stuttering. The basic principle is that the calmer and more relaxed you are, the less you will stutter. This is one of the reasons why we ask you to speak fluently, slowly, calmly and thoughtfully, because it will help you communicate in a more calm and relaxed way.

More practical than general relaxation is the relaxation of specific muscles. If you can locate most of the tension, then maybe you should learn to relax these muscles when you speak. In some cases, there are different muscle relaxation exercises that will help you.

These exercises only involve certain muscles, including the muscles that control your lips, tongue, mouth, breathing and, to some extent, the vocal cords. When you are in a relaxed state, you can deliberately contract and relax these muscles. If you can relax these muscles when talking, it will certainly help you.

We also recommend regular aerobics or such physical training. The idea is that physical exercise is not only beneficial to people's health, but also helps to build the confidence that most stutterers lack.

At the same time, because body training can make patients tend to stand up straight. This posture can also help patients develop self-confidence-a feeling that you think you are better than others or as good as others. In this respect, physical exercise will also help you.

3) divert attention

If there are some ways to distract you from your fearful thoughts, then you won't think about your stuttering, and maybe you will have no problem speaking. If you can forget that you are a stutterer, you may not stutter at all, but we don't know how to cultivate you to form such forgetfulness.

Anything that can divert your fears or ignore the threat of stuttering will usually give you temporary relief. This is why stutterers are misled by some clever tricks, such as singing, following the metronome, pointing with a wrench, waving their arms, or stamping their feet. These strange ways of speaking and other strange ways will make patients speak fluently in a short time.

When you expect to encounter language difficulties, diverting attention can temporarily cover up your fears. Think about it, that's how you use these methods. But it won't permanently reduce your fear or stutter. These seemingly weird methods will work on the patient like novel correction methods-at least after the novelty fades-if the patient is sure of its effect and he is easily influenced by psychological hints.

4) Win the support of others

If you can get the help of a qualified speech pathologist trained in the field of stuttering, you are very lucky. However, our self-correction plan is based on the assumption that you have no chance to get help from such experts. Even if you do get their help, it is basically up to you to correct it successfully.

This doesn't mean that you should refuse others' help, because you need others to talk to you and you need to keep practicing. If you have a good relationship with your family or good friends and trust each other, you have confidence in him. He/she will provide you with valuable services in many ways.

As an observer, such a person can see or hear things you don't know. When you study your stuttering style (which will be discussed later), when you encounter difficulties, such friends may imitate your stuttering style and help you understand your stuttering behavior.

He/she may also accompany you to complete some tasks, praise you when you get achievements, and let you know that you have achieved your goal by encouraging you to persist, thus giving you spiritual support.

Chinese and foreign celebrities suffering from stuttering

Most friends who stutter are inferior and have a negative attitude towards stuttering. They think that as long as they stutter, they will never get ahead, and they ignore their great potential. Since ancient times, many people who stutter have finally become great men who attract worldwide attention with their strong perseverance and indomitable spirit. Now we should take these great men as examples for us to learn and inspire us to cross the obstacles of life and finally move towards the glory of life! )

1. Aesop, an ancient Greek fable writer, is the author of Aesop's Fables.

2. Aristotle, an ancient Greek thinker and teacher of Alexander the Great, wrote Poetics and put forward the idea of subject classification. He is an iconic figure in the history of human civilization.

Demosthenes, an ancient Greek orator, is famous for practicing his speech at the seaside with a stone in his mouth.

4. The Roman emperor Claudius wrote "I, Claudius";

5. isaac newton, the founder of modern science, laid the foundation of mechanical research;

6. robert boyle-physicist and discoverer of Boyle's law;

7. Charles Darwin, a naturalist and supporter of evolution, is the author of On the Origin of Species.

8. alan turing, the founder of computer science, first put forward the concept of Turing machine;

9. Napoleon I-a famous strategist, politician and French emperor;

10, Winston Churchill-a famous politician, orator, writer, British Prime Minister, one of the Big Three in World War II, and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate;

1 1, Lenin-proletarian revolutionary, orator, politician and leader of the October Revolution;

12, George Washington-politician, the first president of the United States;

13, theodore roosevelt-politician, economist, president of the United States;

14, Moses, an ancient Hebrew prophet, led the Israelites out of Egypt;

15, Molotov-foreign minister of Stalin's period in the former Soviet Union;

16, lewis carroll-writer, author of Alice in Wonderland;

17, Hollywood movie star Marilyn Monroe, whose masterpiece is The Seven-Year Itch;

18, Hollywood movie star Bruce Willis, the masterpiece "The new york Robbery";

19, Tam Atkinson, English comedy star, starring in Mr. Gandou;

20. ron harper)-NBA superstar, the main force of the bulls;

2 1, King George VI, England)-former king of England.

22. Gareth Gates, a handsome British boy, touched fans all over the world with his singing, and created a singing miracle in 2 1 century.

23. One of the thinkers and legalists, Han Fei:

24. The modern poet Liu Yazi:

25. Writer and leader of the New Culture Movement Lu Xun:

26. Zhan Tianyou-railway engineer, chief designer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway;

27. The politician Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period

28. Sima Xiangru was a poet before the Han Dynasty.

29. Guo Moruo-writer

30. Zhou Cang, General of the Later Han Dynasty

3 1, Wargo-the general of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period

32. Guangxu-Emperor of the Qing Dynasty

33. Zai Feng-Regent of the Qing Dynasty

34. Xiao Qu-educator

35. Jack Welch-building self-confidence

Tom Cruise admitted that he stuttered as a child.

Zhou Xun was so naughty when he was a child that he stuttered like an economist-that's no ordinary stuttering.

38 Xu-habitual stuttering

Jiang-thank her for controlling her stuttering. During the interview, she deliberately slowed down and smiled a few times to make her stutter less obvious.

40 Ding Zhicheng-a male movie star who is good at playing the police. Although stuttering is not common, it will not spread too widely. You know, on the screen, he will never stutter.

4 1 Zhu Guangya —— Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology;

42 Qian Sanqiang-a famous mechanic;

43 Jiang Kun-a famous crosstalk artist;

44 Zhu Xu-a famous performing artist;

45 Cui Jian-rock star;

Wait a minute. . . have much/many

Eat the name of the disease. Refers to the symptoms of stuttering and language difficulties. Hey, it's hard. "Guangya" Note: "Stuttering is hard to say." The cause of this disease, Volume 30 of the Theory of Various Pathogens says: "The internal organs of human beings are endowed with four seasons and five elements of qi. Yin and Yang are mutually supportive, and both rigidity and softness are combined ... If the qi of Yin and Yang are not harmonious, the qi hidden in the house is insufficient, but eating it ... Fang Yun is full of anger and scarred, and his spirit is on his tongue, but his heart is damaged."

Characteristics of stuttering

When stuttering occurs, the vocal organs can have convulsions and muscle spasms in each group. Speech is produced by the normal movement of the sound band, which is caused by the respiratory muscles of the diaphragm and the tongue, lips and petals that make up speech. When almost all of them have spasms and lose their free activities, they form stuttering. When stuttering patients speak or have a desire to speak, they will suddenly have difficulty breathing. 1. Psychological barriers: fear, pessimism, negativity and malaise.

1. Fear is one of the main psychological characteristics of stuttering friends. We are extremely afraid of talking, stuttering and communicating. We try to avoid talking, communicating, covering up our stuttering and isolating ourselves from the outside world. In exchange for all kinds of phobias: stuttering phobia, social phobia, telephone phobia and so on. {Characteristics of stuttering}

2. Pessimism leading to stuttering is also a major psychological factor that aggravates stuttering symptoms. Because of stuttering, we encounter too many setbacks in our study, work and life, so we feel that stuttering can't be cured, and this life is over, and then we feel hopeless about the future; On the contrary, extreme pessimism will aggravate stuttering symptoms and cause a vicious circle.

3. Negative emotions are also one of the important causes of stuttering. Failure in your career and frustration in love will do a heavy blow to your spirit. If you can't turn the corner, you may be devastated. Negative emotions at this time are not necessarily related to our stuttering, but they are a fuse that leads to our stuttering.

Because of long-term stuttering and frustration in communication situations, our spirit will be in a state of depression. Mainly reflected in the lack of fighting spirit, trance, weak will and loss of confidence in life. This kind of psychology is also a chronic poison that corrodes people's minds. {Characteristics of stuttering}

Second, personality defects: inferiority, cowardice, self-isolation, depression, shyness, indecision, lack of affection and anxiety. The stutterer's personality is seriously abnormal, complicated and contradictory.

1. Most people who stutter feel inferior, and they feel inferior everywhere; I am timid, bullied and afraid to protect myself, but I resigned myself to fate.

2. Stuttering friends often shut themselves in a small world, isolated from the outside world. Try to avoid all people coming and going; When I am working, studying and shopping, I am afraid. We are extremely sensitive to the environment, have no friends, are afraid of communication and live a restless life.

3. Unhappiness is a major character defect of stutterers, and they are lonely, unhappy, anxious, sad and disappointed all day; Shyness is also a kind of self-expression. I always care about what others think of me. Therefore, in front of others, I always behave like a pestering person, and I can't express myself gracefully.

Indecision seems to be the common problem of most stuttering friends. They lack their own opinions and hesitate to meet anything. {Characteristics of stuttering}

5. The stutterer is afraid of talking, stuttering and communicating at first, so he avoids all communication with relatives and friends, and becomes more and more indifferent when getting along with others over time; In the eyes of outsiders, we may be a gentle and kind guy, but in fact we also have a bad temper. When you get along with the closest people, you will be angry with them if something happens, and even drink a lot to them.

Third, abnormal behavior: one of the manifestations is that we escape from excitement, loneliness and tranquility. The second performance is that we are always determined and determined, mainly because on the one hand, we want to change ourselves, but our mobility is too poor to persist. The third performance is indecision in social situations, indecision in physical desires, rigid action and being at a loss.

Fourth, the speech is morbid: urgent, fast, fierce and heavy, and I can't say it; Blushing, heartbeat, facial muscle distortion, strange posture and movements, etc.

Stuttering basically has the above four characteristics. Only by making a correction plan for yourself can we achieve better results.