-

First, the wine saint Du Kang

"Du Kang, the word Zhongyu, is from Kangjiawei, our county, and is good at making wine". The spring water in Du Kang Gully "still gushed weakly until winter, and flowed for four miles into Baishui River. The villagers said that the water still smells of wine. " According to legend, Du Kang took some water to make wine, and there are words to prove it: "He is a city wine, full of wine; Liquor alone cures diseases. Therefore, drinking all day long, not indulging; Take it for life and get the sum of qi and blood. A hundred miles away, sell more white wine. Xianze's heritage is unique to the local area. It is also obvious that the remains have been preserved along the trough so far. "

Du Kang was born and died.

Being in Baishui is the pride of Baishui people. Du Kang's wine has produced simple customs and ancient white water culture. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, there were thousands of boiled pots and four wineries. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao sang the eternal swan song "Bold and unforgettable, how to solve the worries, only Du Kang": Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote beautiful poems "Late at night, the moonlight shines on Baishui Mountain" and "Du Jiu often remonstrates"; Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also sang the quatrains louder, and the Du Kang language is empty, so the fragrant Du Kang wine spread all over the Loess Plateau.

Second, Wen Sheng Confucius.

Confucius (55 BC1~ 479 BC) was named Zhong Ni. A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Lu people. He was the founder of the Confucian school and put forward the idea of "benevolence". He was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.

He is studious, knowledgeable and versatile. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures, and recruited disciples, regardless of wealth. It is said that there are 3000 disciples, 72 of whom are excellent. He became an emissary of cultural exchange. He traveled around the world, and devoted himself to the collation and dissemination of ancient documents, education, sorting out ancient classics such as poems and books, and deleting Chunqiu in his later years. Its students recorded their thoughts and actions in The Analects.

Through lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in past dynasties, Confucius made China's Confucianism the mainstream of China culture and the guiding ideology of China people for more than 2,000 years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue, and he persistently advocates a benign society and a benign life. The highest standard of Dehua society is "courtesy", and the highest value of Dehua life is "benevolence". Confucius taught people to actively pursue the "loyalty and forgiveness" of "standing if you want, reaching if you want" and "don't do to others what you don't want", so as to establish a correct outlook on life and correctly handle the relationship between people. Confucius advocated the teaching of "harmony between man and nature" to deal with the relationship between man and nature. He also expounded and spread the truth that people should not only be kind to people, but also love things. Confucius advocated that the country should implement the moral policy of "teaching the rich" to develop society and culture. Confucius believes that the highest achievement of civilization is to create an ideal society by cultivating ideal personality, and to achieve the realm of "the world is public" and "the world is harmonious" by practicing the principle of "the sage inside and the king outside". Because of Confucius' outstanding contribution and far-reaching influence, he was respected by the people of China as the most sacred teacher and a teacher for generations.

Third, Shi Sheng Sima Qian.

Sima Qian-former 145 or former 135 ~? Historians and writers of the Western Han Dynasty. Zichang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 145), born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of the Han Dynasty (BC 135), the date of death is unknown. Sima Qian 10 years old began to study ancient literature biographies. During Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of Han Dynasty, he studied under the modern writer Dong Zhongshu's "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and the ancient prose writer Kong Anguo. At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, where he visited local customs and collected legends. Soon, he became a doctor, bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and accompanied him to the Western Seas many times, and sent envoys to Bashu. In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Tan, the stepfather of Sima Qian, was the official of Taishi, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so it depends on the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (before 104), he, Luo and others customized calendars to replace the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. Later, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu.

After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is the first biography of China, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography. Historical Records is an excellent literary work with vivid language and vivid image. Sima Qian also wrote a book, Bao Ren 'an, describing his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, which was praised by all previous dynasties. Sima Qian is a great historian in the history of China. "He was jailed for his outspoken suggestions, but he was even more angry. He wrote a book, Historical Records, a famous historian at all times and all over the world, which left a valuable cultural heritage for the people of China and the people of the world.

Fourth, the poet Du Fu.

Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province) and was a famous poet Du Zhisun. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling's grandfather and was called Du Shaoling. Study and travel before the age of thirty-five. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness.

Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He cares about the country and the people, has a noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is known as the "poet saint".

Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation.

Five, medical saint Zhang Zhongjing

Zhang Zhongjing was a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His surname is Zhang Mingji and his first name is Zhongjing. Nie Yang, a native of Nanyang County (now Gedong Town, Deng County, Henan Province), was born on 150 and died on 2 19. Zhang Zhongjing is clever and studious. When I was a teenager, I studied medicine in Zhangbozu, the same county, which spread widely. Leo Lee's Medical History in the Ming Dynasty said: "Zhongjing's medical skill is better than Bozu's, and his diagnosis is really a strange doctor, although ghosts and gods don't know it."

Zhang Zhongjing read widely, adopted various prescriptions, systematically summarized the essence of medicine before the Han Dynasty, and based on his rich medical practice experience, wrote sixteen volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases (after the Tang and Song Dynasties, Treatise on Febrile Diseases was divided into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber). Later physicians called Zhang Zhongjing a "medical sage" and regarded typhoid fever and synopsis of the golden chamber as medical classics. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first medical classic with complete theory, method, prescription and medicine in the history of human medicine. For the first time, he systematically and completely expounded the etiology, pathology, treatment principles and treatment methods of epidemic diseases and various internal diseases, which laid a solid theoretical foundation for the development of clinical disciplines in later generations.

6. Guan Yu Guan Yu

Guan Yu, the word Yunchang, was a general of Shu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was loyal and had high martial arts skills, and was later called "Guan Sheng" and "Guandi".

Guan Yu was officially appointed as the prefect of Xiangyang and governor of Jingzhou affairs, except that Cao Cao invited Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to make him Hou Ting of Hanshou. Liu Bei was first named as a general of Dangkou, and later as a former general, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals" in Shu Han. In 4 1 year after his death, that is, in the three years of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms (260 years, which happened to be the100th anniversary of his birth), the late Lord was posthumously sealed as a strong Muhou and died. However, from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was respected by feudal emperors. "The prince is king, the king is emperor, the emperor is holy, and the sky is holy", and there are different opinions. There are boundless temples, and Guan Yu is famous at home and abroad, and has become one of the most worshipped sacred idols in history, so that he is as famous as Confucius and is called "both civil and military saints". Guan Yu is famous for his loyalty, righteousness, courage and martial arts. The feudal rulers of past dynasties all needed typical figures like the patron saint to maintain their rule, so they greatly exaggerated and exaggerated their loyalty, bravery and ethics, hoping that more civil servants and military officers would be as loyal to the king and brave as Guan Yu.

Seven, the book saint Wang Xizhi

Wang Xizhi was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Jin Huaidi was born in Yongjia (AD 307) and died in Xingning (AD 367). The officers of the right army generals will review the internal history, so later generations will call it "Wang Youjun". He came from a noble family in the Jin Dynasty. When Wang Xizhi was twelve years old, he was taught the theory of brushwork by his father, and he realized that "language is based on the outline". When I was a child, I studied calligraphy under the famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei at that time. Later, he crossed the famous mountains in the north and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, learned from others, observed and studied "combining various laws and preparing one family", and reached the height of "being more expensive than others and being the first in ancient and modern times". Wang Xizhi's regular script, such as Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing and Dong Fangshuo Hua Zan, was famous in the Southern Dynasties and had a great influence on later generations. Wang Xizhi is an innovator in calligraphy, and his main achievements are in running script and cursive script. His cursive script is honored as "the sage of grass" by the world. He combined some advantages of using the brush and Guan Zi scattered in ancient and contemporary calligraphy works to become a brand-new calligraphy work.