The prosperity and development of Shanxi Xingyiquan is not an accidental phenomenon, but closely related to its social environment. Among many factors affecting the development of Shanxi Xingyiquan, human geography is a basic condition. The profound Wushu culture is the basic guarantee for the development of Xingyiquan in Shanxi. The development of Shanxi merchant culture became the biggest driving force for the development of Wushu in this period. The secret society formed by the special political environment is another important factor in the development of Xingyiquan in Shanxi. The following is what I have arranged for you:

Shanxi Xingyiquan, as one of the famous martial arts in China, has gradually formed a relatively complete theoretical system through continuous study, practice, summary and improvement. It pays attention to guiding God with God and guiding God with God. The two forms are integrated into one, and the effect of both form and spirit is achieved through inter-modulation and internal and external interaction. Xingyiquan takes the three-body as the basic skill, the five elements and twelve shapes as the basic boxing method, and the theory of yin-yang and five elements as the boxing principle. "Take the object far away, take the body near" pictographs take the meaning, take the method like a fist, and pay attention to "the limb shape is outside, the heart is in the middle".

In recent years, while regional culture has attracted much attention from the society, the research results of Shanxi local history and Shanxi merchants have also become all the rage. Xingyiquan, as a special product of Shanxi regional culture, economic culture and other comprehensive factors, has also made certain achievements in the development of regional culture. Therefore, by analyzing the humanistic and social factors that affect the development of Xingyiquan in Shanxi, this paper puts the development of Xingyiquan in the specific living environment of Shanxi regional culture, and interprets the development causes and cultural construction of Xingyiquan, with a view to expanding the horizons of Xingyiquan research and attracting valuable ideas for the study of Xingyiquan in Shanxi.

1, the origin and development of Xingyiquan

Xingyiquan is born out of the idea boxing and has its own system. It pays attention to its shape, takes its meaning, and requires sincerity in the heart and outside the body. It is a kind of boxing that pays great attention to the high unity of inner meaning and shape. At present, there are different opinions about the origin of Xingyiquan, such as Dharma's theory of creating boxing and Yue Fei's theory of creating boxing. These opinions are impossible to find out. At present, it is generally acknowledged that Xingyiquan originated from Heart Liuhe Quan and was founded by Li Luoneng. Li Luoneng once studied Ji's mind method of Liuhe Quan, and created the famous Xingyiquan on this basis. After completing his studies, Li Luoneng practiced boxing while teaching in Taigu, Shanxi Province, and carried out reform and innovation on the basis of in-depth study of Dai Xin's boxing, creating a boxing Xingyiquan with a high degree of unity in overall form and thought. " [1] Early Xingyiquan paid equal attention to physical strength and technical attack, with simple content and flexible movements. The basic essentials can be summarized as dragon body, bear arm, chicken leg, eagle claw and tiger head. Later, Li Luoneng absorbed the Taoist ideas of health preservation and philosophy in theory, and based on the "three-body" as the basic framework, he newly compiled the routine of "miscellaneous fighting" and created the routine of "resting body gun" in fighting. This new boxing method is easy to learn, simple and lively, emphasizes preemptive strike, pays attention to strength and speed, and is deeply loved by people.

Since 1950s, Xingyiquan has been restored and developed. Scholars engaged in its theoretical research overcame many difficulties, inquired about historical documents, visited Xingyiquan fighters, studied the historical origin of Xingyiquan realistically, excavated and sorted out Xingyiquan documents, and expounded Xingyiquan's boxing theory, and achieved fruitful research results. Today, Xingyiquan has developed into various schools such as Shanxi Chepai, Song Pai, Dai Pai, Hebei Pai and Henan Pai, and spread all over the world.

2. Analysis of humanistic and social factors affecting the development of Xingyiquan.

Shanxi has been the cradle of the Chinese nation since ancient times. The Yellow River culture has cultivated Shanxi people's simple, honest, hardworking, thrifty and brave characters, and Xingyiquan can't be separated from Shanxi, a fertile ground for Chinese civilization.

2. 1 Population density promotes the development of Xingyiquan.

The development of Shanxi Xingyiquan is based on a large number of Wushu population, and the formation of a large number of Wushu population is caused by many factors. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Central Plains was severely damaged by the war, with a sharp drop in population and barren land, while in Shanxi, the situation was just the opposite. Shanxi was a border province in Ming Dynasty, and there were frequent wars in Shanxi, but basically all wars were confined to the northern border area, and the hinterland was rarely affected by the war. Therefore, as a region less affected by the war, the population growth rate is naturally very fast.

Under the comprehensive influence of these factors, Shanxi's population is growing rapidly, and the per capita cultivated land area is gradually decreasing. For example, in the middle of the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang officially released the national population data after the implementation of the imperial book system: the national population was 59,873,305, and the populations of Shanxi and Peiping were 4,030,454 and1.893,403 respectively. In contrast, the total population of Shanxi is more than twice that of Beiping. In terms of population density, there are 27.52 people per square kilometer in Shanxi and 4.34 people per square kilometer in Beiping. The population density of Shanxi is almost twice that of Beiping. [2] In the Qing Dynasty, the population grew faster and the per capita land became less and less. Because in farming society, land is the most basic and important means of production, and with the increasing population in different periods in Shanxi, a land-intensive situation has been formed. The development of Shanxi merchants and escort agencies has provided support for people who learn Xingyiquan, thus encouraging more rural people to join the ranks of Wushu. Therefore, on this basis, Shanxi has formed a large number of martial arts population, which laid the foundation for the development of Xingyiquan.

2.2 Xiu De is the ideological source of the form and significance of Wushu.

Shanxi is located in the Loess Plateau. Since the establishment of the early Zhou Dynasty, through various dynasties, a unique Sanjin culture has been formed. Under this specific time and space condition, Shanxi people inevitably formed a unique personality trait. These typical personality characteristics of Shanxi people are of great benefit to the development of Xingyiquan. The personality characteristics of Shanxi people have their historical origins. Yao and Shun made Pingyang their capital and enfeoffed Jin, which laid the foundation for the development of Xingyiquan in Shaanxi. In such a long and profound traditional cultural atmosphere, Shanxi people are subtly shaped into honest, humble, gentle and brave characters, which is a necessary condition for practicing Xingyiquan. "Without virtue, art cannot stand" is a common saying of Xingyiquan masters and even all martial arts masters in past dynasties. "Don't learn art before learning etiquette, and don't learn martial arts before learning Xiu De" is the primary content of learning art from teachers. [3] Because the Wulin attaches great importance to morality, and the boxing spectrum and family method of Xingyiquan clearly explain martial arts, the masters of Xingyiquan in past dynasties have always demanded that the inheritors of Xingyiquan have noble martial arts when choosing their disciples to teach skills. There is no doubt that the personality traits of Shanxi people are the qualities required by Wushu. They are brave, humble and elegant. It is precisely because of this personality trait that Xingyiquan shows the ideological origin of Wushu Xiu De everywhere. ?

3. Analysis of geographical factors affecting the development of Xingyiquan.

The natural environment is the most basic factor affecting the development of Xingyiquan. Shanxi is located in the Loess Plateau, most of which is between 1000~2000 meters above sea level, only a few hundred miles away from Beijing. Shanxi, like its swimming arm, is always useful. This geographical environment makes Shanxi people become the common character of mountain people, that is, simple and kind, brave and strong. Secondly, the social environment is the most important factor affecting the development of Xingyiquan. Shanxi is located in North China, and has always been adjacent to the nomadic people in the north. The northern region has experienced several changes in nomadic and agricultural areas. The powerful nomadic people in the north often maintain different forms of contact with the Central Plains through this place. The farming culture of the Central Plains and the nomadic culture in the north exchange, collide and merge here, forming the cultural characteristics of Sanjin with simple folk customs and strong courage. Thirdly, due to frequent wars, Shanxi military commanders emerge one after another, which makes the spirit of martial arts continue and then spread throughout the society, becoming the driving force for the development of Xingyiquan.

/3. 1 The geographical features of "inside and outside mountains and rivers" promoted the development of Xingyiquan.

The development of business is a yardstick to measure the development level of a society. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, commerce was very active, and commodity exchange could not be separated from transportation. Shanxi, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers, has some difficulties in transportation because of its relatively closed geographical environment. In Shanxi's seemingly vast traffic network, there are dangers everywhere, including Taihang in the east, Lvliang in the west, the desert in the north and the Yellow River in the south. Every road is full of obstacles, and "mountains and rivers are outside" is a true portrayal of Shanxi's landforms.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whether merchants trafficked tea and silk from southeast to Mongolia or Russia, or transported raw lacquer and various specialties from Sichuan, they all took a remote and dangerous road. In the process of trafficking, they often encountered thieves, so martial arts became an indispensable survival skill for businessmen. However, swords, spears and sticks are inconvenient to carry and easy to be exposed, so Shanxi Xingyiquan has become the main choice for escort agencies to practice. Therefore, the geographical environment with inconvenient transportation and dangerous roads promoted the development of Xingyiquan.

3.2 "Defending the capital" laid the foundation for the development of Xingyiquan.

Most of China's history is based in the north, and before the Tang Dynasty, it was mainly in Xi 'an. After the Five Dynasties, the capital was mainly in Beijing. Shaanxi lies between Beijing and xi. This political and geographical feature, which is often close to the capital, makes Shanxi a battleground for military strategists to defend the capital.

Due to climate differences, the first line of the Great Wall is the dividing line between ancient farming and nomadism, the contact zone of ethnic exchanges and integration, and the main place of ethnic conflicts. Located at the intersection of this nation, the northern part of Shanxi Province has become an important place for military protection and a place where wars frequently occur. On the one hand, frequent wars will surely make rulers attach great importance to military Wushu and promote its development. At the same time, the people in this area have been influenced by the military for a long time, which has invisibly formed a martial spirit and a resolute character. On the other hand, in the era of frequent wars, local people are bound to be recruited and trained in military martial arts. At the same time, for various reasons, some soldiers who had received military martial arts training in the army returned to their hometowns. In this way, the exchange of personnel promoted the development of Wushu. As the professor of arts and sciences once said in his book: "Highly developed military martial arts provide a wider range of materials for folk martial arts." Therefore, military martial arts promoted the development of local martial arts in Shanxi and laid the foundation for the further improvement of Xingyiquan in Shanxi.

4. The influence of Shanxi merchants on the development of Xingyiquan.

4. 1 The prosperity of Shanxi merchants maintained the development of form and meaning.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many shops in Pingyao, Qixian and Taigu, dealing in goods such as silks and satins, tea and pigments. There are countless money houses and banks, and they are well-funded and well-known. In the hinterland of Jinzhong Plain, Yuci County is known as "the gold is too big, Ginta is remote, and rice and flour can't be eaten". A large number of businessmen provide employment opportunities for martial arts practitioners, and martial arts practitioners provide protection for Shanxi businessmen, further broadening their financial paths. Martial arts practitioners escort on weekdays, practice and exchange martial arts in their spare time, so that Xingyiquan enters a period of rapid development. In particular, the origin and development of Xingyiquan is closely related to Qixian County and Taigu County, the birthplace of Shanxi draft banks, and has been encouraged and supported by Shanxi merchants.

Shanxi merchants were in a leading position in the national foreign trade at that time, and accumulated a lot of funds due to unprecedented commercial operation. Only the Qiao family in Qixian, the Cao Shi family in Taigu and the Chang family in Yuci have a liquidity of 5 million taels to100,000 taels of silver, and their abundant financial resources have created conditions for Shanxi businessmen to engage in financial activities at home and abroad. In order to meet the needs of businessmen's remittance, Shanxi merchants operate money houses and banks all over the country. Shanxi merchants often travel thousands of miles for business, trudge thousands of miles in barren land, suffer unbearable suffering from ordinary people, and even be robbed by bandits. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of their business, Shanxi merchants attached great importance to Wushu, which promoted the development of Xingyiquan to some extent. The development of business has promoted the development of the bodyguard nursing home industry, and made martial arts experts from all over the country flock to Taigu. With the increase of famous hands, Wushu communication becomes frequent, which virtually promotes the improvement of Xingyiquan's technical level.

The development of Taigu Xingyiquan has always been encouraged and supported by local wealthy businessmen. Xingyiquan masters are mostly employed by wealthy businessmen in Qixian, Taigu and Pingyao. The theoretical research of Xingyiquan is more perfect with the help of wealthy businessmen. For example, Meng Boru, a wealthy businessman in Taigu, was born in a scholarly family and was well versed in history books. He spoke highly of Li Luoneng's martial arts and personality. When Li Luoneng was a guest, Li Luoneng gave a lecture at Dream Valley Academy, which also got theoretical support. Meng Boru offered to accept Li Luoneng as an apprentice. "Three Biographies" means "those who serve the country and serve the people, those who respect teachers and respect morality, and those who are benevolent can inherit"; "Three Righteousness" means "upholding justice, helping the poor and helping the weak, and helping teachers and friends"; "Six don't preach" means "those who bully their teachers and destroy their ancestors, those who do evil, those who are ungrateful, those who harm their friends and bully their names, those who are lazy and afraid, and those who don't preach", which makes Xingyiquan theoretically perfect in the process of inheritance.

4.2 The escort agency industry has created conditions for the spread of Xingyiquan.

The so-called escort agency is an institution engaged in business travel bodyguard business. There are many escort agencies in places where Shanxi merchants are active. [6] The appearance of escort agencies is the inevitable result of commercial development. Escort master takes "escort master to protect merchants, learn martial arts from merchants, make friends with martial arts, and make friends with merchants" as its purpose. Escort agency was an important way to spread Wushu in Shanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which promoted the development of Xingyiquan in Shanxi. Due to professional needs, the escorts of various escort agencies make friends in Wulin, which provides conditions for the horizontal spread of Xingyiquan. At the same time, the development of Shanxi merchants' commercial activities in the south made the escort agency expand its kit to the south. Due to the watery characteristics in the south, the escort is often transported by water. I heard that some escort divisions are not only good at land warfare, but also good at water warfare. In the long run, the escort teachers have integrated the martial arts they have learned from the North and the South. After they returned to their hometown in their later years, they collected many disciples and taught martial arts, which passed on what they had learned all their lives and promoted the vertical development of Xingyiquan in Shanxi. It can be seen that the development of escort agency industry has given certain encouragement and support to Shanxi Xingyiquan boxers, and played a role in promoting the development of Xingyiquan to a certain extent.

5. The influence of Wushu Association on the development of Xingyiquan.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties witnessed the most prosperous development of Xingyiquan and the most frequent spread of Wushu associations. As Mr. Zhang Dainian said: "In Wen Ya, benevolence is the highest morality; In popular culture, chivalry evolved from Mohism is regarded as the highest morality; The so-called roads are uneven, swords are drawn to help each other, etc., which have become the moral ties of civil society. " Therefore, in these folk societies, Wushu is often the core, and its members combine boxing practice with religious societies, which promotes the spread of Xingyiquan among the people and makes Chinese Wushu widely spread and developed.

According to Professor Su Jiguang's works, in the Qing Dynasty, China used bows, arrows and war horses in a unified way. In order to maintain its rule, private weapons were prohibited among the people, and martial arts was also prohibited among the people. In order to resist and defend themselves, practicing boxing and martial arts combined with religious associations promoted the development of martial arts and made Xingyiquan widely developed. The secret meeting promoted the popularization of Xingyiquan among the people. In resisting ethnic discrimination and oppression, mass organizations have played a role in organizing the masses, educating and training Wushu. Due to political needs, the organization and protection of associations covered up martial arts activities, and martial arts activities also became the main form of secret associations in the Qing Dynasty. For example, the Boxer Rebellion was a vigorous anti-imperialist movement in China's history, which once burned all over North China like a prairie fire. Although it finally failed under the cruel suppression of imperialism and the late Qing Dynasty, the Boxer Rebellion showed the strength of the people and was a patriotic movement with important historical significance in the late Qing Dynasty. While opposing imperialism and patriotism, the Boxer Rebellion played a positive role in promoting the spread of Xingyiquan and provided sustained strength for its subsequent development. Secondly, the association promoted the horizontal spread of Xingyiquan. With the development of mass organizations all over the country, Wushu activities also spread. For example, in191/year, Li Cunyi founded the largest folk Wushu group in the north, the Chinese Wushu Association, and Li Cunyi went to Taigu in 1900. Professor Che Zhai Yi, a master of Taigu Xingyiquan, taught him twelve-shaped boxing, touching the body gun and other Xingyiquan routines. 19 1 1 year, Li Cunyi was the president of Chinese Wushu Association and taught Xingyiquan, which contributed to the spread of Xingyiquan.