Broken grain is also called broken grain, broken grain, broken grain, stopped grain, broken grain, broken grain. Begging for the valley began in Qin and Han Dynasties, or even earlier. The book "Yi Yisheng Core Monument", which appeared in the Han Dynasty, is a collection of etiquette works of past dynasties. It has been recorded that "the meat eater is brave, the food eater is clever, the gas eater is born as a god, and the non-eater dies as a god." "Don't eat" here means eating grains instead of whole grains. In addition, Hou also said that Zhang was weak and sick, so as to guide him not to eat whole grains to keep fit. Huai Nan Zi Ren Jian also recorded that in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a single leopard in Lu State, which didn't eat whole grains but only drank streams. At the age of 70, it still had the color of a boy. 1973 The chapter Que Gu Shi was found in the silk book unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, which was devoted to how to persuade others to avoid the valley. It can be seen that during the Qin and Han dynasties, the art of crossing the valley was quite popular. After the establishment of Taoism, this way of keeping in good health was followed, and the early classic Taiping Jing was involved in many places. According to the introduction of Mr. Wang Ming's Taiping Economic Cooperative School, the original classics describing Bao Sheng in the valley are mainly in Xin Department, but all the classics in Xin Department of Taiping Jing have been lost. The book "Joint School" slightly supplements the Taiping classic banknotes, and three of them focus on guarding the valley (the original classic may have more content).
From these three places, we can see that Taiping Jing pays great attention to health preservation.
Taiping Jing advocates that the valley can last forever. Three-hole Pearl Capsule Volume 4 and Single Grain quote the 120th cloud of Taiping Jing: "Those who eat have a destiny, those who don't eat have a plan with God, and those who eat gas have a divine will, and they will die with heaven and earth without drinking or eating." The ideological source of these words is the core monument of Yi's life in Dai He's Huai Nan Zi Terrain Training. Because the symplectic part of Taiping Jing is lost, it is estimated that these words are conclusive, and the original text should fully discuss many aspects of not eating. The above five sentences tell us with simple strokes that people who eat grains have a time limit, people who are good at conditioning their breath know everything, and people who don't drink or eat tangible things and the world are life or death. The term "don't drink or eat" here means not eating whole grains, not nothing. In fact, Taiping Jing and Taoism advocated later are often accompanied by persuasion and medication. Because this method can really prolong life, it has been passed down from generation to generation, so Yi Xinying listed the school of Bigu in the list of Taoist teachers.
Breaking the grain is effective, but it must be done properly. Mr. Wang Ming's Taiping Jing She School quotes the first volume of Taiping Jing Chao from 120 to 136, which is roughly consistent with the Dunhuang catalogue volume of Taiping Jing 120, and focuses on the method of avoiding eating and living forever. According to this passage, "if you don't want to eat, you should guide your life first, so that you can stay angry." . I was hungry for three days and slightly hungry for seven days after taking the gas medicine. Ten days later, I was puzzled by Cheng Xiao, and I was born again after my death. "That is to say, before breaking the valley, you should take some drugs that can nourish vitality. After taking the gas medicine, I was a little hungry for three days, a little hungrier for seven days, and I got used to it after ten days, and my doubts and anxiety were removed. I have left my dead family and will live forever. As mentioned above, it is not eating nothing, but slowly dieting and eating less; Don't eat ordinary food. As for "special" food, you still have to eat it. " After taking medicine, it is difficult for people who eat tangible things to give up, change from one food to another, eat intangible things and save less. ..... Less is auspicious, more is fierce, all food is fierce, and the stomach is blocked.
The method of clearing the intestines is that one food is smooth, the other food is increased, the third food is down, the fourth food is swollen, the fifth food is hungry, and the sixth food is fierce. All diseases are born from now on and die in the year of great hunger. "This passage repeatedly shows that in the process of breaking the valley, it is most appropriate to eat less, hard food once a day, and liquid food as little as possible; But not eating it will cause gastrointestinal obstruction, that is, gastrointestinal adhesion, which will affect health. The words quoted in Taiping Jing Chao did not mention what "tangible things are hard to disappear" and what "intangible things" are. Referring to other Taoist scriptures, the so-called tangible things are things with high nutrition and slow digestion, such as pine nuts, arborvitae seeds and hemp seeds rich in vegetable oil, as well as Ophiopogon japonicus, Rehmannia glutinosa, Dioscorea opposita and Astragalus membranaceus containing various sugars, starches and vitamins. The so-called intangible things refer to liquid things such as sesame soup, crispy soup, wine or water. People who go to the valley are relatively inactive, and these foods can meet their basic nutritional needs. In addition, the Taiping Jing also reminds the valley digger that "it is often necessary to suddenly take in the intestines to make it easier to walk", which means to tighten the belt at all times in order to walk.
Taiping Jing believes that the above methods can not only raise oneself, but also raise all beings. Personally, I think it's "disgusting, looks better, and there's nothing to prevent." The ancients learned from the ancients, but they refused to eat. "As far as the country is concerned," this is the way to enrich the country and save the people ",which can" help the country and the people and help the heavens and the earth to eat the Lord ","the monarch, the ministers and the people are enough to settle down and manage their duties; Rich people save enough money and poor people spend enough money; What a gentleman does is good at pleasure, and it is not dangerous in a fierce year. "Taiping Jing also discusses from the opposite side that people who are used to eating three meals a day will starve to death or have problems when they encounter famine years." Three meals a day is life. If they don't eat at home, they will die. If you don't eat during the day, you will die; Don't eat at dusk, three unique (there should be the word "fate" under this sentence, and the quotation marks should be taken off); If you don't eat for three days, you will die. ..... evil spirits have risen, so we can know. Therefore, Taiping Jing advocates "using my own way, giving consideration to everything, benefiting the people in good years and benefiting the people in bad years".
We can find the early Taoist pursuit of health and the concept of governing the country from the technique of forcing the valley advocated by Taiping Jing. Bigu originated from Fangxian Road in Qin and Han Dynasties. At that time, the immortal in the alchemist's mind was "skin like ice and snow, graceful like a virgin;" Don't eat grains, suck the wind and drink dew; Ride the dragon in the clouds and travel around the world. "If people want to be a fairy with light body, clean body and clean skin, naturally they can't eat more whole grains that will lead to bloated body and produce feces, but should eat more light, fragrant and strange things. Taiping Jing, an early Taoist classic, inherited this idea and advocated the technique of convincing people with reason and avoiding valley with medicine. Huang is another source of Taoism, which not only emphasizes personal longevity, but also does not forget the feeling of helping the world. This spirit is embodied in the art of breaking the valley in Taiping Jing, that is, the author advocates that breaking the valley is a way for individuals to "live a long life, but as for surviving", it is also a way to "enrich the country and save the people". Taiping Jing was written in the Shun Di period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, the ruling group was increasingly decadent, politics was quite dark, and it was bullying, sometimes fierce, and people's livelihood was depressed. Under this social background, Taiping Jing put forward the idea of "breaking the valley", which is a tortuous and helpless struggle on the one hand and a targeted strategy for governing the country on the other. It should be said that Taiping Jing grasped the key issue of "food is the most important thing for the people" in feudal society.
Based on the dual purpose of health preservation and governing the country, the author of Taiping Jing emphasizes that crossing the valley is an inexhaustible way. How to evaluate it from a contemporary perspective? On the whole, at present, our government is harmonious, science and technology are prosperous, and food is abundant, but it is still of practical significance to advocate diet to enrich the country, save the people and support all beings. As far as personal health and longevity are concerned, it is also quite beneficial to shrink the valley properly. According to modern medical research, eating more will lead to an increase in mortality. Eating too much makes people gain weight and leads to obesity. Obese people are prone to coronary heart disease and hypertension. Statistics show that if the weight exceeds 30-50% of the standard weight, the mortality rate will double. Ross's animal experiments show that by eating low-calorie food, the incidence of spontaneous tumor and renal water polo nephropathy is reduced and life expectancy is prolonged. Brody pointed out that life activities with low metabolism can reduce the frequency of mitosis and prolong life 1/3. Especially the elderly have limited ability to store heat. If they take too much, they will suffer from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. From this point of view, Taiping Jing advocates abstemious diet, replacing high-calorie foods with drugs and foods that tonify qi and blood, regulate dirty eyes and organs, and treat deficiency and prolong life, which can really improve physical fitness and promote health.
Common methods to break through the valley
First, convince the valley
Main point
The main way to eat gas is to use long and gentle breathing. This method comes from bionic breathing, so it is also called turtle breath. Taoism believes that the reason why turtles live long is because they eat gas. Qi circulates in the human body and is indispensable. The movement of Qi contains the deepest secrets of the human body. The ancient book says that "the meat eater is brave, the grain eater is clever, the gas eater lives by God, and the non-eater lives by God". Practicing "convincing" before crossing the valley can not only resist the hunger and weakness caused by fasting, but also make people energetic and prolong life.
history
According to Lei Ju, a famous qigong master in the Three Kingdoms period, "I hunted when I was young and starved in an empty grave. Seeing a chinemys reevesii in the grave, I counted it, turned around, and my direction was uncertain. I swallowed with my mouth open, or lifted up or lifted up. Thrift is also known as the tortoise can guide, but I try to do what the tortoise does, so I am no longer hungry. More than a hundred days, quite bitter. Later generations occasionally peep at the grave and come out frugally. After that, I can die. " In the course of thousands of years, there are many schools of divination, which have formed complex methods of eating qi, such as Yin Zhenren's taking qi, Taiwei Yi's taking qi, Wu Tai's taking qi, Maoshan's taking qi orally, Taiqing Wanglao's taking qi, Huan Xuan's taking qi, Lingbao's technique, etc. Their functions are different and their methods are different, but their basic core is still gentle and slender breathing.
Second, take medicine to avoid the valley
Main point
While eating gas, Bigu also needs to eat omnivores and medicinal bait. There are different schools of medicine. Common omnivores are sesame, black beans, red dates, chestnuts, walnut meat, honey and alcohol. As for drugs, there are more, such as Rehmannia glutinosa, Polygonatum sibiricum, Lycium barbarum, Ophiopogon japonicus, Chrysanthemum, Poria, Atractylodes macrocephala, Pine nuts, Cupressus orientalis, Coicis Semen, Yam, Almond, Paeonia lactiflora, Acorus calamus, Alisma orientalis and Pyrrosia.
Others only advocate eating less, and eat a small amount of staple food in the process of eating, which is no different from dieting. Look at this method, its essence is to limit calorie intake. Some of the "drugs" taken in practice are mainly fat and some are mainly sugar, but their calories are far lower than normal diet.
history
There is a secret recipe in Taiping Sheng Huifang edited by the government in Song Dynasty, which is composed of Poria cocos, chestnuts, sesame seeds and jujube. It is required to take 50 grams twice a day in paste. According to Records of Song History, Chen Tuan lived in seclusion in Wudang Mountain. "He has been taking it for more than 20 years, but he drinks several cups a day." It can be seen that crossing the valley is not a hunger strike, and we can't apply the concept of hunger strike without any food and water that we usually say today.
scientific explanation
Scientific research has found that from lower organisms, fungi and fruit flies to mammals, mice and dogs, limiting energy intake can prolong the life span of organisms, that is, "hungry" animals not only live longer, but also live healthier. Scientists speculate that this may be because low-calorie foods reduce the consequences of oxidative stress. Molecular biology research shows that the signal transduction pathway of mTOR (target receptor of mammalian rapamycin), which is closely related to aging, is also activated to a higher degree under the stimulation of food. The results of animal experiments will naturally extend to human beings themselves. From the point of view of disease prevention, dieting helps to prolong life. However, dieting also needs scientific guidance. If we only carry out the so-called "taking medicine to avoid the valley" for a long time, then the intake of nutrients will inevitably be unbalanced. Scientific dieting should take into account the reasonable collocation of various nutrients, and should not be neglected.