1, born of scholarly family

Su Shi, whose name is Zi Zhan, is Dongpo Jushi. Meishan, Meizhou (now meishan county, Sichuan). Born in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Renzong Jingyou was born in a scholarly family on December 19th three years ago. His father, Su Xun, was a famous writer. He was eager to take the imperial examination, but his talent was not satisfied.

2. Examinations and

In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was 2 1 year old, left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination of the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment. However, Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought that it was written by his disciple Ceng Gong, and in order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second.

In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade of "the first in a hundred years", granting judges in Fengxiang Prefecture of Dali the qualification to judge and sign books.

3. As Fengxiang

On November 19th, 6th year of Jiayou, Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang House, leaving his father and brother behind. Su Zhe sent him all the way to Zhengxinmen, the outer city of Kyoto, to say goodbye to his brother.

During my term of office, floods and droughts were handled well. However, due to the fatigue of work and the struggle of officialdom, Su Shi gradually felt extremely worried.

Finally, in the winter of the second year of Yingzong Zhiping (1065), Fengxiang's term expired, and Su Shi couldn't wait to get back to Kaifeng, the capital where his father and brother lived. Unexpectedly, his wife died the next year, and his father died less than a year later. With a heavy heart, Su Shi shipped the coffins of his father and wife back to Meishan, his hometown.

4. Wang Anshi's reform

In the first year of Xining, Su Shi, who served his father's funeral, left his hometown accompanied by his successor Wang and became a supervisory court in the second year. At this time, in order to rebuild the national finance facing difficulties, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi as prime minister and implemented the new law.

Su Shi was excluded because of his different political thoughts. In the fourth year of Xining (A.D. 107 1), Su Shi, who was 36 years old, was defeated and forced to transfer to Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), feeling a little sad and depressed.

After Su Shi finished his official duties, he played around whenever he had time to solve his worries. I made many intimate friends and wrote many excellent poems. Such as the famous Rain after Drinking, Chu Qing on the Lake, Drunken Book of Wanghulou on June 27th, etc. On the contrary, political frustration prompted Dongpo to experience a richer life and open up a broader literary field.

In the seventh year of Xining (1074), due to the proximity to Jinan where Su Zhe worked, Su Shi took the initiative to transfer to Mizhou (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province). He also created many well-known literary masterpieces in Mizhou, such as Transcendental Platform, Mid-Autumn Mink Head-Travel with Children, and Hunting in Jiangcheng, Mizhou.

5. Wutai Poetry Case

Later, Su Shi was transferred to Xuzhou (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (AD 1079), one day in the third month of his transfer to Huzhou, an imperial envoy arrested Su Shi in Beijing to please Wang Anshi, accused him of slandering the imperial court, and asked the emperor to order judicial officials to convict him. Soon Su Shi was sent to prison, which is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case". ?

This case caused a sensation. In addition to people in Huguang and Hangzhou, monks were asked to recite scriptures and pray for him, and many officials who appreciated him gave their lives to save him. In addition, Cao, who loves literature and is sick, intercedes for him. In the end, he was only sentenced to "ridicule politics." After receiving a gift from the emperor, he was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou to avoid death. ?

6. Exile Huangzhou

In the third year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1080), Su Shi was demoted as the assistant envoy of Huangzhou Yingyong. When I first arrived in Huangzhou, food, clothing, housing and transportation became a problem. Later, self-reliance and land reclamation. Look for happiness in a dull life, and move forward firmly on the difficult and optimistic bumpy road of life.

A year later, Su Shi built a study next to Dongpo and named it "Dongpo Tang Xue", hence the name "Dongpo Jushi". This article has expanded in both ideas and themes. Such as Qian Chibi Fu, Nian Nujiao-Chibi Nostalgia, Hou Chibi Fu, etc. At this time, Su Shi's literary and artistic attainments have reached a high level.

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen ordered Su Shi to leave Huangzhou and changed Ruzhou (now runan county, Henan) to Ying Yongzhu. I met Wang Anshi on my trip. Despite their different political backgrounds, they talked very speculatively. Wang Anshi spoke highly of him.

When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous jingle in Pork Fu: "Huangzhou is a good pork, but the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, less water, and it will look good when the fire is full. Get up and play a bowl every day, and you are too full to care. "

Here, "slow fire, less water, good-looking after enough fire" is the famous Dongpo meat cooking method. Su Dongpo was later appointed governor of Hangzhou and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed closely, and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish. ?

7. Yuan You Moore.

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi regained his reputation and was appointed as the governor of Dengzhou (now Penglai County, Shandong Province). In less than ten days, he was called by the court to be a doctor of rites. In February 65438, he was transferred back to Kaifeng, Kyoto, and served as the owner. ?

In March of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1085), Zongshen died, and Zhezong, aged 10, ascended the throne, and the empress dowager took power, gradually abolishing the new law. The new school was excluded. The former minister returned to power. Historians call it Yuan You Farming.

In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Su Shi was promoted to China Calligraphy Officer, Hanlin Bachelor, Imperial edict Officer, and assistant civil servant. But at this time, Su Shi had no interest in being an official. His understanding of Wang Anshi and the new law made him have reservations about the new law. Conservatives said that he was Wang Anshi's new law school. If the new school doesn't regard him as one of its own, Dongpo will become a figure in the cracks.

In the fourth year of Yuan You, Su Shi got rid of factional disputes, so he was asked to be transferred to the governor of Hangzhou. When Su Shi was governor, he built the West Lake Su Causeway.

In six years, Yuan You was called a bachelor of Hanlin and served as an attendant, but was rejected. Within a few months, he was transferred to the governor of Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province). After leaving the imperial court, he was transferred to the governor of Yangzhou (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) the following year.

In September of the seventh year of Yuan You (A.D. 1092), Su Shi was recalled to the imperial court and became the minister of war. In November, he was promoted to Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites, which is Su Shi's highest political position.

Extended data

Su Shi is good at prose creation, and his representative works, Qianchibi Fu and Houchibi Fu, are well-known, reflecting the sense of hardship and humanistic spirit of China literati. His poems skillfully combine the spirit of realism with the romantic style, which are colorful and represent the highest level of poetry in the Song Dynasty.

His poems are fresh and vigorous, with a wide range of subjects, free and magnificent, which created a bold and unconstrained style. His calligraphy and painting have also reached a high level. In addition, he has unique attainments in philosophy, tea ceremony, cooking, health preservation, garden art and so on.

Wang Guowei, a master of modern Chinese studies, lists Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming, Du Fu and Su Shi as the greatest poets in the history of China literature, and it is reasonable to regard their thoughts, personality, knowledge, talents, attitude towards people and things as a whole.

What is more commendable is that, as a literati in feudal times, Su Shi had no headscarf, no seclusion in the mountains, no pride of wealth, no loyalty and filial piety, and no shelf of a great writer. There is neither a state of minister Dumen nor a state of trembling. He is with you and me, sharing weal and woe, not rigid at all. Xiongnu is a kind of honest and pure true temperament and character.

Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi