1, cell suspension method. Features: increase the contact surface between cultured cells and culture solution to promote nutrient absorption; Can take away the harmful metabolites produced by culture and avoid the damage to cells caused by high concentration accumulation; Ensure a good mixing state, so as to obtain a good gas transfer effect.

2. Immobilized culture. Characteristics: the slow growth of cells is conducive to the accumulation of secondary metabolites; Easy to control the chemical environment and harvest the secondary metabolites; After embedding, the cells were less damaged by shear force; Conducive to continuous culture and biotransformation.