1 I asked your student, under a pine tree, "My teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs." Jia Dao's Visiting the Sheep and Appreciating the Teacher in Tang Dynasty.

When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs."

However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .

1 full text appreciation of China traditional culture, pine, bamboo and plum are three old and cold friends. Literati often use them to express their peace and happiness, non-worldly, pure and detached. The first sentence, "When I questioned your apprentice, I was under a pine tree", apparently explained that the author could not find a hermit, so he asked the hermit's apprentice for this series of processes; At a deeper level, it implies that the hermit is close to the pine tree and takes the pine tree as his friend, rendering the hermit's high-spirited life. The following three sentences are boys' answers, which contain people's questions at different levels, and their meanings are progressive, and their words are comprehensive and memorable.

The first answer: "My teacher", he replied, "I went to collect herbs", from the structure of the whole poem, from the rendering of the environment and atmosphere to the description of the action, from abstract to concrete. In ancient China, there was the idea of pursuing immortality, and the Qin Emperor Hanwu was a typical example. Even alchemists prevailed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and counterfeiting became a common practice. In contrast, outstanding hermits pay attention to their own cultivation. In seclusion life, enlightenment, health preservation and medication (health medicine) constitute the main contents. This is especially true in Wei, Jin and Israel. Therefore, for hermits, herb picking is an important activity. Its utility lies not only in taking medicine for health preservation, but also in climbing mountains to collect herbs, which is an excellent physical exercise. Therefore, for real hermits, understanding Tao, keeping in good health and collecting herbs are trinity. The profoundness of Tao is manifested in the beauty of cranes, and the communication is like the sky. "My teacher," he replied, "went to collect herbs." This boy showed the typical characteristics of a hermit and added the sadness that the poet hurt him.

The second answer is directed at the poet's question about where to collect medicine.

This answer is very clear and affirmative, which seems to give the poet some expectations to pursue, but then the third answer seems to guess the poet's expectations, and finally gives a fruitless answer: "How can I tell the difference between crossing so many clouds? ."

At this time, the mountains are high and the clouds are deep, and the hermit's escape suddenly jumps into the reader's imagination.

Around these answers, there are actually two performance structures intertwined and constantly evolving. First, the performance structure of hermit behavior, that is, from virtual to real (not here but in this mountain), from real to virtual (how to say, through all these clouds? ), from the virtual to the real, just like Youlong in the clouds, looming, giving people a sense of confusion, trance, confusion, fully showing the hermit's Shen Feng. First, the poet's own emotional expression structure, from melancholy to expectation (not knowing that he is on this mountain), from expectation to deeper melancholy, reveals an unreachable emotion. The poet was originally a monk, but later returned to the secular world, but his official career was not proud, so he always praised the noble and extraordinary human life. "But on this mountain, how can I tell, through all these clouds?" In fact, it is not only the poet's description of the hermit, but also the realm of life pursued by the poet himself.

It is said that Jia Dao's poems are too trapped in the "scrutiny" of words, only working hard on words, and often have good sentences but no good articles; This poem, however, takes great pains in the conception of the article. There are no good sentences, only good sentences.

Some people think that this poem was written by Sun Ge, entitled "When Visiting Xia Zun".

1 Full-text translation and annotation full-text translation

Under the pine tree, I asked the hermit's son where his master had gone.

He said that the master had gone to collect medicine.

He pointed to the high mountain and said, on this mountain,

But the forest is deep and dense, and I don't know where he is.

To annotate ...

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② Hermit: In ancient times, it was a person who refused to be an official and lived in seclusion between Shan Ye.

③ No meeting: No meeting.

4 boy: A child. This refers to the hermit's disciples.

5 words: answer and say.

⑥ Cloud depth: refers to the fog on the mountain.

⑦ Location: Location.

1 Author Brief Introduction Jia Dao (779 ~ 843), a poet in Tang Dynasty, was born in Langlang County. Han nationality, a native of Fanyang County, Youzhou, Hebei Province (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He became a monk in his early years and had no name. Self-named "Jieshishan people". It is said that when he was in Luoyang, he was forbidden to go out in the afternoon because of an order at that time. Jia Dao complained about writing poems and was discovered by Han Yu. Later, he was taught by Han Yu to take the imperial examination, but failed to win the first place. Tang Wenzong was excluded and demoted as the main book of the Yangtze River. At the beginning of Huichang, Tang Wuzong was transferred from Sicang, Zhou Pu to a family, but he didn't die of illness.