Hundreds of millions of bacteria inhabit human intestines and body surfaces, among which more than 400 kinds of bacteria weigh two kilograms. Some of them are harmful to people and are called harmful bacteria; There are beneficial bacteria, called beneficial bacteria; There are also conditional pathogens between the two, that is, bacteria that can cause human diseases under certain conditions. The bacteria or fungi beneficial to people in human body mainly include lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and so on. The research on the function of probiotics began in the early 1990s, and various "probiotic" health products swept the world. At the same time, the study of "probiotics" has become a worldwide research hotspot. What are probiotics? The internationally recognized definition in the field of nutrition is that probiotics are bacteria beneficial to human body and can be directly used as food additives to maintain the balance of intestinal flora. Hundreds of probiotic health products have been developed abroad, including yogurt, yogurt, yogurt and oral liquid, tablets, capsules, powder and so on. So far, the probiotics discovered by scientists can be roughly divided into three categories, including: ① Lactobacillus (such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus jejuni and Lactobacillus Raman); ② Bifidobacterium (such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium brevis, Bifidobacterium ovatum, Bifidobacterium thermophilus, etc.). ); ③ Gram-positive cocci (such as Streptococcus faecalis, Lactococcus, Streptococcus intermedia, etc.). In addition, some yeasts and enzymes can also be classified as probiotics. What are the health functions of probiotics? Some scholars abroad believe that its functions can be summarized as follows: ① prevention and treatment of diarrhea; ② Relieve the symptoms of lactose intolerance; ③ Prevention of vaginal infection; 5. Enhance human immunity; ⑤ Alleviate allergy; ⑥ Reduce serum cholesterol; ⑦ Prevent cancer and inhibit tumor growth. Patients often take health food containing probiotics, which can prevent and treat diarrhea. There are more than 500 kinds and trillions of different bacteria living in the intestines of normal people. In most cases, they restrict each other and thrive. Once the balance of intestinal flora is broken, it will cause diarrhea. Secondly, the abuse of antibiotics can also cause diarrhea. Some European medical centers have tried oral liquid with lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and inulin as the main ingredients to treat travelers' diarrhea, and achieved good results. Another function of probiotics is to prevent vaginal infection. A double-blind controlled trial in Europe (46 women with a history of vaginal mold infection) confirmed this. Every female patient takes yogurt 150ml containing a lot of probiotics orally every day. As a result, the incidence of vaginal infection is much lower than that of women in the placebo group. This is because Lactobacillus acidophilus in yogurt can inhibit the reproduction of Candida albicans in vagina. Scientists believe that the proliferation of probiotics in the intestine can promote and improve the body's general immunity. In some famous longevity towns in Europe (such as Caucasus mountainous areas and Mediterranean coastal countries), local people often drink homemade yogurt, and rarely suffer from diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. The research believes that this is related to the fact that yogurt contains a lot of probiotics. From 1970s to 1990s, a large number of foreign experiments confirmed that drinking probiotic drinks can really reduce serum cholesterol. Recently, a foreign scholar published a paper pointing out that drinking 200 ml of yogurt fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and inulin every day can reduce the blood lipid of hyperlipidemia patients by about 4.4% on average. Because both Lactobacillus acidophilus and inulin have lipid-lowering effects. In addition, the research report said that long-term consumption of probiotics can prevent cancer and tumor diseases, prevent bone loss and osteoporosis. Why should the human body supplement new probiotics? When people are sick, they usually use some antibiotics to treat infectious diseases, which not only kills pathogenic bacteria, but also kills some probiotics that were originally very beneficial to the human body, which leads to the weakening of the human body's resistance and the more diseases are treated. The national medical and health administrative department attaches great importance to this and has issued some relevant regulations, requiring that the purchase of antibiotics must be based on a doctor's prescription. On the one hand, it plays a role in preventing patients from abusing antibiotics, and at the same time, it warns everyone that antibiotics will also bring side effects to the body while treating diseases. Under the action of a large number of antibiotics, it is very necessary for us to supplement probiotics in time to maintain the dynamic balance of the human body and restore the due resistance of the human body. On the other hand, with the gradual aging of the human body, the number of probiotics will continue to decrease. Supplementing probiotics can further improve the "body defense ability" and help prevent diseases. Will supplementing probiotics bring side effects to human body? Although we rarely hear about probiotics, we often contact and supplement probiotics intentionally or unintentionally, but we usually supplement a single kind of probiotics. For example, kimchi, which we call an appetizer, is appetizing because it is rich in lactic acid bacteria; Yogurt is also highly recommended as a healthy drink by relevant experts because it is rich in lactic acid bacteria. The reason why vinegar has the functions of softening blood vessels, caring skin and lowering blood fat is mainly attributed to the acetic acid bacteria. We supplement the human body with yeast by eating yeast tablets to help digestion; We use yeast when we send steamed bread and steamed bread powder; We make liquor, beer, tofu and so on, all with the help of probiotics. It can be said that probiotics are inseparable close partners in our lives. Wang Yisheng just scientifically combines a variety of bacteria that are beneficial to the human body, making them interact and have more powerful functions. We eat kimchi, drink vinegar and drink yogurt, which is beneficial and harmless to human body, and drinking probiotic products has no side effects. Like the world, Japan, a world-famous neonatal probiotic health law, has ushered in a rapidly developing aging society. According to the statistics of Japan last year, the number of diabetic patients including recessive diabetes has reached16.2 million, and about 10% of the total population in Japan suffers from various lifestyle diseases. The problem of rising medical expenses has also followed. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus also appeared. And these problems are not just in Japan. In order to maintain human health, 2 1 century can be said to be an era when therapeutic medicine has to be transformed into preventive medicine. From the perspective of promoting preventive medicine, the health of probiotics plays a very important role. At first, people didn't know anything about lactic acid bacteria at all, except that there was fermented milk in BC. Later, through the continuous efforts of microbial pioneers, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria were discovered. Since then, 1907, Mechnikov put forward the theory that drinking yogurt can prolong life. In the 1930' s, Dr. Ren Tian discovered Yakult bacteria that could reach the small intestine alive, and after in-depth study of its efficacy, it showed that lactic acid bacteria were not only used to ferment dairy products, but also beneficial to the balance of intestinal flora and human health. This kind of bacteria beneficial to human health is called metaprobiotics. If antibiotics are synonymous with therapeutic medicine, probiotics are synonymous with preventive medicine. In Japan, the permission of specific health foods may be based on the consideration of preventive medicine, which is a sign of human health. Most probiotic foods have obtained the permission of specific health foods. There are 100 species and 100 trillion intestinal bacteria living in human intestine, which constitute the intestinal flora. In this intestinal flora, there are harmful bacteria besides lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. The so-called probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can reach the small intestine alive, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the intestine, promote intestinal movement, and thus improve intestinal function and defecation. There is a well-developed immune system in the intestine. Probiotics can regulate the low or high immune activity to a normal state by stimulating the immune function in the intestine. The immunomodulatory effect of probiotics is also considered to have anti-cancer and inhibitory effects on allergic diseases. From the scientific principle and current clinical research, the concept of probiotics is feasible. Because there are few negative research results. However, based on the current level of human understanding of probiotics and commercial production capacity, it is difficult to ensure that probiotic products can achieve the claimed functions. First of all, the role of new probiotics must be "specific strain", "specific dose", "continuous consumption" and "live bacteria" to achieve. However, the doses that various bacteria can produce effects are quite different. Some bacteria can work by eating 1 100 million a day, while others need 1 100 million. Because probiotic products have no quality standards and statutory testing, legal norms and authoritative monitoring are a vacuum zone here. Secondly, the role of newborn probiotics is the nature of the public security joint defense team, not the elite nature of the special forces. The American Society for Microbiology organized a seminar on metaprobiotics in 2005, and the minutes of the meeting clearly pointed out that "up to now, most metaprobiotics used in human body are preventive and supportive treatment of diseases, not therapeutic". In this sense, many children have diarrhea, and it is hard to say how effective it is for doctors to prescribe some "so-and-so love" based on neonatal probiotics. For the treatment of diarrhea with probiotics, the result of a study is that the average diarrhea time of children who don't eat probiotics is 72 hours, and the positive and negative error is 36 hours; The average diarrhea time of children who eat probiotics is 58 hours, and the positive and negative error is 28 hours. Such a "curative effect" may be a little unacceptable to parents who spend a lot of money on "neonatal probiotics", but this difference is medically recognized as "effective".