Strictly follow the diet of diabetes, because family is the key to do a good job of diet care, so we should explain the importance of diet control to our families, so that they can understand that the cause of diabetes is closely related to diet and should not be taken lightly. After leaving the hospital, you should still eat reasonably according to the doctor's requirements, and ask your family to be the caterer and supervisor of diabetic patients.
2. Skin care
The sugar content in the skin tissue of diabetic patients is increased, which is suitable for bacterial reproduction. Due to the increase of blood sugar, the activity of neutrophils in blood is slow, the phagocytic ability is poor and the bactericidal ability is reduced. In addition, the body's ability to form antibodies is reduced, so it is prone to skin itching and infection, and it is not easy to recover after infection. Therefore, you should take a bath and change clothes frequently to keep your skin clean and prevent infection. Once you find a skin infection, you should treat it in time.
3. Nursing care of diarrhea and constipation
Elderly diabetic patients are prone to constipation or diarrhea due to autonomic nervous dysfunction. Family members should always observe the patient's stool, so that patients can develop the habit of regular defecation to prevent constipation or diarrhea. For patients with constipation or diarrhea, be sure to wash the skin around the anus with warm water to prevent infection, adjust diet, reduce or increase the intake of crude fiber or take drugs, and check blood sugar and urine sugar.
4, limb care
Elderly diabetic patients are prone to cerebral arteriosclerosis and peripheral neuritis, which are characterized by inflexibility of limbs, numbness of limbs and numbness of hands and feet. It is necessary to cooperate with patients who are nursing at home to do more body massage, soak their hands and feet with hot water during the day, promote the circulation of limbs and peripheral nerves, and relieve discomfort such as inflexibility and numbness.
5, psychological care
Psychological nursing is an important part of family nursing. Let family members learn and understand psychological knowledge, help patients overcome psychological imbalance, keep patients in a good psychological state, have confidence in overcoming diseases and overcome pessimism. Patients should understand that diabetes is a common lifelong disease, have the concept of overcoming the disease for a long time, and family members should enlighten patients' thoughts and emotions in time to eliminate bad factors.
6. Matters needing attention
Home nursing is a new development of nursing career. Nurses should make regular family visits to elderly patients with diabetes every week, formulate nursing measures, carefully fill in nursing records of responsibility system, sum up nursing experience, urge patients to take hypoglycemic drugs on time and in moderation, regularly review blood sugar and urine sugar, adjust dosage and diet, find complications in time and treat them in time.
Dietary recipes of elderly diabetic patients
1, bitter gourd
The meat is tender, cold and bitter, and rich in various nutrients, especially the content of vitamin C is the highest among all kinds of melons. Pharmacological experiments show that momordica charantia saponin contained in momordica charantia has obvious hypoglycemic effect, which not only has insulin-like effect, but also stimulates insulin release. Through experiments, the total effective rate of oral momordica charantia saponin preparation in treating type 2 diabetes can reach 78.3%. Therefore, diabetic patients often eat bitter gourd together, which is beneficial to control blood sugar.
2. onions (surname)
Sweet, moist and tender, containing prostaglandin A and sulfur-containing amino acids, it has the functions of dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood fat and preventing arteriosclerosis, which is beneficial to preventing diabetic complications.
3. Cucumber
Crispy and sweet, the sugar content is only 1.6%. Diabetic patients can eat it instead of fruit to get vitamin C, carotene, cellulose and minerals. Cucumber also contains malonic acid, which can inhibit the transformation of carbohydrates into fat in the body, so obese diabetic patients and patients with diabetes complicated with hypertension and hyperlipidemia should eat more cucumbers.
4. Lettuce and bamboo shoots
The content of sugar and fat is very low, among which lettuce contains insulin activator, which is beneficial to diabetic patients. Bamboo shoots are high-fiber foods, which can delay the digestion of food and the absorption of glucose in the intestine of diabetic patients, and help to control postprandial blood sugar.
Second, five kinds of slimming porridge help to lower blood sugar.
Old people with diabetes should develop good eating habits and improve their quality of life. Five kinds of slimming porridge can effectively treat diabetes.
1, corn stigma porridge
Corn silk 15g, and japonica rice 50g. Wash the corn beard, add two bowls of water, cook for 20 minutes, remove the residue and get the juice. Wash japonica rice, add corn stigma juice and cook it into porridge. Can be eaten instead of breakfast and dinner. Suitable for all kinds of diabetic patients.
2. Pueraria lobata white rice porridge
30g of kudzuvine root powder and 0/00g of rice/kloc. Cook porridge with white rice, add kudzu root powder and cook until the rice is rotten into porridge. Suitable for thin diabetic patients.
3. Sesame black bean porridge
500 grams of black sesame and black beans 1000 grams. Processing the two together into powder. Take black sesame and black bean powder 100g each time, add 50g of flour, mix well and cook into porridge. Divide into three meals and eat with meals. Suitable for all kinds of diabetic patients.
4. Pumpkin bran porridge
250g of tender pumpkin, 50g of wheat bran and 50g of millet. Wash the pumpkin, cut it into small pieces, add water to the pot until it is half cooked, add the washed millet, and add wheat bran after boiling. Mix well and cook until the millet is cooked. Suitable for all kinds of diabetic patients.
5, bitter melon porridge
Bitter gourd150g, japonica rice 50g. Wash bitter gourd, remove pedicels, remove seeds and slice. Wash the japonica rice, add water into the pot and cook it into porridge, add bitter gourd slices and cook it on low heat for 10 minute. Eat it twice in the morning and evening. Suitable for all kinds of diabetic patients.
Three meals a day for diabetics.
1, breakfast diet
1. 1, whole wheat bread (50g), 1 cup of soybean milk (400ml), 1 tea egg, 1 cold bitter gourd platter.
1.2, vegetable buns 1 (50g), rice porridge 1 bowl, eggs 1, cabbage heart 1 platter.
1.3, milk oatmeal (250 ml milk, 25 g oats), egg soup (1 eggs), dried laver mixed with celery 1 platter.
1.4, milk 240ml, eggs 1, steamed bread 50g.
2, lunch diet
2. 1, a bowl of rice (100g), pickled bean curd, shredded pork and fried celery.
2.2.2 pancakes (100g), mushrooms and white gourd, carrots and shredded beef.
2.3. buckwheat noodles 1 bowl (100g), scrambled eggs with tomatoes, spinach with vegetables.
2.4, corn flour steamed bread 1 (100g), fried squid roll celery, vegetarian eggplant.
3. Dinner diet
3. 1, 1 bowl of rice (100g), chicken soup, tofu cabbage, stir-fried shrimp and cucumber.
3.2. 1 bowl of rice (100g), chopped green onion tofu, Chinese cabbage with pepper oil.
3.3, 1 roll (100g), pickled fish, fried lentils with tomatoes.
3.4. Onion cake (including flour 100g), dried celery, laver and winter melon soup.
Fourth, the matters needing attention in choosing oral hypoglycemic agents
When choosing oral hypoglycemic agents, you should pay attention to the following matters.
1. Metformin should not be used in the elderly with multiple organ dysfunction and kidney, heart, lung and liver dysfunction.
2. People with cardiac insufficiency should avoid using thiazolidinediones.
3. Avoid using sulfonylureas with strong action and long duration to avoid hypoglycemia.
4. α -glucosidase inhibitor or insulin secretagogue with mild action and short half-life can be selected, and the dosage can be adjusted according to the change of blood sugar.