Peng Lianmao's Ten Years of Cold Window was spent in moving again and again.

His father is a railway soldier. "To build a railway, you have to run around. Where there is no railway, roads have to be built. " The whole family revolves around their father. Peng Lianmao, 1962, was born in yingtan, Jiangxi. He went to Xiamen, Fujian with his father when he was very young, and then went to Shunchang County, Nanping, Fujian.

"I'm in Shunchang railway corps dean memory. A neighbor upstairs and downstairs, when his father comes back from the front line, always brings a lot of things, such as small candy, to give each child a little. " There, Peng Lianmao spent his childhood.

Peng Lianmao recalled that Dongfanghong Primary School was built on a hillside and climbed a big step to Shunchang No.1 Middle School. "Our compound is about five or six miles away from the school. I didn't think it was too far at that time. A group of children go to school in groups and think about various ways of playing. "

1 1 years old, their family came to Hu Shi Ha Town, Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province. Every time he moves, Peng Lianmao changes to a new school. "In this reversal, I lost several semesters."

For his classmates, going to school is a luxury. In the countryside at that time, teenagers had to work, and some children had no chance to study at all.

"Even a full meal is a problem." Peng Lianmao has two brothers, three boys have food stamps, and only a dozen kilograms of food a month, without oil and water, is not enough to eat. In order to fill their stomachs, they exchanged food for sweet potatoes, and one catty of food could almost be exchanged for seven catties of sweet potatoes. I was injured because I ate too many sweet potatoes in Fujian. Peng Lianmao doesn't eat sweet potatoes much until now.

In that small town where there is no railway and there is not enough to eat, Peng Lianmao was admitted to Peking University. That was 1978, the second year after the college entrance examination resumed. Peng Lianmao, who was only 16 years old, entered the Yanyuan Garden and became the first student enrolled by the Department of Radio and Electronics of Peking University after the Cultural Revolution.

After going to college, the monthly ration of food stamps rose to 54 Jin, and Peng Lianmao was finally full. Besides feeding his body with food, what excites him more is the inexhaustible "spiritual food". He always goes to the library early to queue up for books, and then finds a place to read as a guerrilla.

1982, Peng Lianmao obtained a master's degree in electronic physics from Peking University, and then went abroad for further study, which opened a new chapter in the research of electronic microscopy and carbon-based nanoelectronics.

Since entering the 2 1 century, people have been trying to find chip materials that can replace silicon, and carbon nano-transistors are one of the most promising directions. Since 2000, Peng Lianmao has been sticking to the front line of research on domestic carbon-based chips, and for the first time, he has prepared carbon nano-transistors with performance close to the theoretical limit and gate length of only 5 nanometers, becoming a leader in the research and development of domestic carbon-based chips.

Peng Lianmao was interviewed by the Beijing News reporter. Beijing News reporter Pu Fengshe

On the college entrance examination: "If you want to study, go to the best place to study."

Beijing News: What is your primary and secondary education like?

Peng Lianmao: At that time, it was the Cultural Revolution. There are few good teachers with formal education, let alone normal education. Instead of mathematics and physics, the school teaches "knowledge of industrial and agricultural production", including the structure of tractors and how to make biogas, and emphasizes the application of knowledge to production rather than hard study.

In autumn and winter, the water in the river dried up, so we borrowed a walking tractor from the production team and learned to drive in the river. The wind in the river is so strong that I feel sick every time I drive home.

Beijing News: Did you ever think about going to college before the college entrance examination resumed?

Peng Lianmao: At that time, there was no college entrance examination system, but universities had other selection methods, such as allocating places to various units and then selecting and recommending them. I certainly didn't expect to go to college, because our family composition is not very good, and there is no chance to go to college at all.

Beijing News: What's your mood when you hear the news of resuming the college entrance examination?

Peng Lianmao: At that time, my two brothers cut in line at a place called Liudaohe in rural Hebei. It is very important for them to resume the college entrance examination, because it is the only way for them to leave there, otherwise they will spend their lives there. If you can pass the exam, the most worrying thing at home will be solved at once. When I was still in high school, the college entrance examination was not as special to me as it was to my brothers.

Beijing News: Was the college entrance examination competitive at that time?

Peng Lianmao: The national college entrance examination has just resumed, and students who have been overstocked for more than ten years walk into the examination room together, including "Senior Three". Competition is still fierce. Colleges and universities can only accommodate a limited number of students. I remember that the admission rate of 1978 and 1979 is only about 6%.

Beijing News: What subjects did the college entrance examination take at that time?

Peng Lianmao: I will take seven or eight exams. Mathematics, physics, Chinese, biology, geography and English. English scores are used as reference points and are not included in the total score. I learned a little English, but I was not confident that I could do well in the exam, so I didn't take the English exam. My English reference score is 0.

Beijing News: Do you consider yourself "talented" or "diligent"?

Peng Lianmao: 1978, when I took the college entrance examination, my two brothers failed, leaving me alone in Hebei. I study hard and want to go to college like my brothers.

The college entrance examination is very difficult, but the most difficult thing is not to study, but to obtain information, because it is not enough to learn only "industrial and agricultural production knowledge". You must find mathematics and physics textbooks, but maybe the whole school does not have a complete set of textbooks.

At that time, as long as anyone had a previous middle school textbook, I would try my best to borrow it, or exchange my own resources with others, and then copy one by hand with waxed paper, and so would the exercises. I have always been a good student in my class, and teachers will always think of me when they get books or exercises. At that time, I taught myself all the textbooks I could borrow and finished all the exercises. At that time, there was only one simple idea, which was to read the book well.

Beijing News: Where did you take the college entrance examination?

Peng Lianmao: I want to take the college entrance examination in Luanping County. The exam lasts for several days. Go ahead. It rained heavily in those days, so it was dangerous to drive on the road. On the eve of the college entrance examination, my grades in Chengde were particularly good, and the railway corps system placed great hopes on me. Later, the army specially sent a rail car to send me and other students who took the college entrance examination directly to the county seat. Rail cars are a bit like locomotives, but they are not used to pull trains. They are usually used to patrol and check road conditions and can only carry a few people.

Whether the troops sent it or not, after the exam, I probably walked more than 60 kilometers home. I still remember crossing the river on the way, and the river almost reached my chest. I had a lot of courage at that time, so I crossed it.

Beijing News: When do you know the results of the college entrance examination? What was your mood at that time?

Peng Lianmao: My grades rank first in the whole Chengde area. But there was no place to check the results at that time. The county was the first to know the news, and it slowly spread to the village. I was the last to know.

One day, a good friend of mine went to the post office to get a letter, saw an envelope with my name on it, and brought it back to me by the way. I was so happy to see him skipping all the way and running around. That was the admission notice from Peking University.

After the news got out, the teachers in the school also knew about it. A teacher said: What a pity this baby is. If only I had gone to Peking University, why did I end up at Peking University?

After I got the admission notice, I met someone from the Education Bureau when I went to the county for a physical examination, which really set my score.

Beijing News: Can you tell me the story of volunteering at the beginning?

Peng Lianmao: We volunteered before the college entrance examination. Where I am, no one has ever been admitted to Peking University. Dare you apply? If the report is high, the risk is great. At that time, my parents didn't know much about how to be a volunteer, and many teachers thought I was overrated.

I'm not particularly sure myself. The idea at that time was particularly simple. Peking University was the highest institution of learning in China at that time, and it was my inner dream. I decided to go to the best school, so I applied to Peking University.

I especially wanted to learn math at first. I like math very much, but I only got more than 80 points in math and 95 points in physics in the college entrance examination, so I chose physics later. At that time, I saw a major called "Electronic Physics". I think there are both electronics and physics. It looks very powerful, so I chose it. Later, I learned that electronic physics does not belong to the physics department, but belongs to the radio department, which is separated from the physics department.

The picture shows Peng Lianmao's handwritten message to contemporary youth. Photo courtesy of respondents

Talking about study: "If you have no other ideas, study hard."

Beijing News: What is the scene of studying in Beijing?

Peng Lianmao: At that time, the standard of going to college was a quilt, folded into tofu, wrapped in a schoolbag, with a washbasin and rice basin hanging behind it, and a few books on my back, and I went to Beijing.

Before going to school, my father gave me a Shanghai brand watch, which was a luxury gift at that time. My father gave each of our three children a watch. I always wore that watch, and I still wore it when I graduated to study in the United States. Once I had dinner in the student canteen, it was very hot, so I took off my watch and put it in the tray. After dinner, I took the tray to wash, and I forgot to take my watch. I found my watch missing as soon as I went out. I ran back to find it, and I couldn't find it back.

Beijing News: How did you spend your days in Yanyuan?

Peng Lianmao: I have no other ideas, so I just study hard. The teachers are all very good. There are several teachers that we especially like when we are freshmen and sophomores.

Seeing that there is such a good library in Peking University, we all queue up to borrow books, and sometimes a book takes a long time. But I can't find a place to read at the moment. At that time, there were many students and few places in the library, so you had to sit with a reading card. Reading cards are not suitable for everyone. There are 7 people in our 1 dormitory, only 1 reading card. At that time, the library stipulated that you could sit casually after 7 pm, and then you could sit there and read with peace of mind. So is the classroom. Whenever the classroom is empty, I run to stay for a while and read for a while. If someone comes to class, change places.

Beijing News: What kind of books do you like to borrow when going to the library?

Peng Lianmao: One kind is the most "fierce" books in the major, such as "Jimmy Dovich's Mathematical Analysis Problem Set" and "Classic Electrodynamics" by J.D. Jackson, etc. These books can only be borrowed in advance, and they have to be returned after reading them all morning, and then continue to queue up to borrow them; The other is a literary masterpiece. Although science students are engaged in scientific research, they should also read literary classics, such as John Christophe and three musketeers, and read several books a week.

Beijing News: Some people miss the 1980s. Do you have any special impression of that era?

Peng Lianmao: At that time, everyone realized that there was a huge gap between us and the outside world. They feel that this country is open and has opportunities. Everyone wants to improve themselves. Everyone is full of energy and pursues his own ideals. I think it should be like this at any time.

Talk about the present: only by doing things well can we control our own destiny.

Beijing News: How do you feel about recalling the college entrance examination decades later?

Peng Lianmao: For me, the college entrance examination is far from changing my destiny. I always feel that this is what I should do. No matter what you do, you must do it well, so that you can control your own destiny.

Beijing News: What do you think of the current college entrance examination?

Peng Lianmao: The college entrance examination is just a hurdle in life, and there are still many hurdles in life. Even if you don't go to college, it doesn't mean that life can't be brilliant. Do things seriously, everywhere. Even if you go to Peking University, some are aggressive and some are slack.

Beijing News: Compared with the past, what are the differences between students now?

Peng Lianmao: Not exactly. At that time, we had few choices, and it was the age of graduation distribution, so it was relatively simple. Students are pure, and reading is to improve themselves. Few people consider finding a job, but how to serve the country after studying. At that time, there were some good grades and some poor grades, but few people relaxed and gave up on themselves.

Today's children have broader horizons and more ideas. But many students don't concentrate on their studies and always think about what to do if they can't find a job. Most children take the postgraduate entrance examination for doctoral studies in order to avoid employment, really love scientific research, and even fewer want to do academics.

Many students can be admitted to Peking University, which can be said to be a blessing from heaven. However, after a year or two, some students find it difficult to keep their best anywhere. Once they accepted the setting of "I'm not the best", they lowered their demands on themselves and began to think about things like "what job can I find", "how much money can a person earn" and "which company will recruit several people this year".

But I always feel that our country is so big that there is a vast world for everyone to create and contribute. Many children are born to do great things, not just bring home the bacon.

Beijing News: The college entrance examination is another year. What do you want to say to this year's candidates?

Peng Lianmao: Study hard and make progress every day. I think this sentence is particularly good.

The picture shows Peng Lianmao. Beijing News reporter Pu Fengshe

outline

Peng Lianmao, a material physicist, is mainly engaged in the research of carbon-based electronics. 20 19 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. He is currently the director of Peking University Electronics Research Institute and the director of Peking University Carbon-based Electronics Research Center.

Beijing News reporter Feng Qi

Photography Beijing News reporter Pu Feng

Editor Miao proofreads Fu.