How to master the way of keeping in good health and avoid conflicts?
How to better adapt to nature and realize the harmonious development between man and nature?
Listen to what Liu Xinglin, the guest speaker of Lecture Room, said-
On the afternoon of August 26th, 20 17, a series of lectures on "Civilization in the Center-The Rhyme of Silk Road" of the Central Plains Sinology Forum was opened on the second floor of the West Annex Building of Henan Museum. Liu Xinglin, the guest speaker of the lecture room, a national famous teacher and vice president of the Institute of Humanities and Economics of Haikou University of Economics, gave a wonderful lecture entitled "Zhuangzi Thought and Poetic Life" to more than 400 listeners. At the lecture site, Liu Xinglin made a detailed interpretation of Zhuangzi's social philosophy, natural philosophy, philosophy of life and the introverted passion of using fables to say philosophy. Teacher Liu quoted a lot and interpreted the original classics of Chinese studies with practical problems. He is humorous and unique, deeply loved by the audience and won unanimous praise from everyone.
Speaker: Liu Xinglin
Zhuangzi Thought and Poetic Life Lecture Site
First, Zhuangzi.
Zhuangzi (about 369 BC-about 289 BC), whose real name was Zhou, was named Zixiu, and later called "South China Real Person". Mengyi (now Shangqiu, Henan) was born in Song Dynasty. Famous thinkers, philosophers and essayists in ancient China are the main representatives of Taoist school. They inherited and developed Laozi's theory, made Taoism a prominent school, and called it "Laozi and Zhuangzi" with Confucianism and Mohism. Their philosophical ideology is respected as "Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy" by the ideological and academic circles. At the same time, he worked as a lacquer garden official, traveling between Qi and Wei.
Second, Zhuangzi's social philosophy-success or failure
Zhuangzi's philosophy is based on the following: look at the world coldly. In this way, the whole world is a robber, the winner is king, and the loser is a robber. This is his social philosophy.
Will it? If you are on the defensive to detect the thief of the capsule, you must take a picture of it. , this secular so-called knowledge also. But if the robber comes, he will carry his bag and rush for fear of silence. It's not solid. (Zhuangzi chapter? Basket ")
Liu Xinglin explained that in order to prevent thieves who pry boxes, dig pockets and open cabinets, it is necessary to tie knots, strengthen bolts and lock keys. This is what most people call smart. However, once the robber came, he ran away with his chest, box and pocket on his back, for fear that the knot, latch and lock key were not strong enough. Actually, this is an analogy. Liu Xinglin said: "Confucius spread ethics, benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith all his life." This is a rope that locks people's minds and hearts, a shackle. In this way, the thief will come, lest you be dishonest to others. The more honest you are, the better. He will steal your country. " Liu Xinglin takes Tian as an example. Tian Chengzi used benevolence and morality to kill Qi Jun and steal his country.
So, do robbers have a way? Liu Xinglin quoted Zhuangzi's foreign articles? Lu said, "The wise man asked," Is there a law of stealing? " ? "Metatarsal bone said," what is the right thing to do without evil? The husband's false intention is hidden in the room, and it is also holy; Be first, be brave; After leaving, righteousness also; Know whether, know also; Share equally and be kind. He who is unprepared can become a thief, and there is no such thing as a world. "So, theft group also want to learn from Confucius and Mencius.
Liu Xinglin believes that Confucius is ugly under Zhuangzi's description through the above interpretation. Zhuangzi's conclusion is that "a good man can't live without the sage's way", and a good man can't stand without learning the sage's way. "A typical villain, like a thief, can't live without the sage's way". Good people should learn from saints, and bad people should also learn from saints. Good people and bad people can't do anything without learning the way of saints. "There are fewer good people and more bad people in the world", which is Zhuangzi's vision. There are fewer good people and more bad people in the world, so the negative effect of the sage's way is far greater than the positive effect. This is the way of being a saint in Zhuangzi's eyes. Therefore, the sage's rule of virtue finally brought harm to the world, and the world was much more than lido.
In this case, how should we look at the world? Zhuangzi thinks that world without thieves. How to achieve world without thieves, that is, destroy all civilization and progress: "abandon knowledge, abandon knowledge, thieves stop;" ? Jade destroys pearls, and thieves can't afford it; Burning symbols break the seal, while the people are simple; The struggle is balanced, but the people do not argue. "But in fact, Liu Xinglin thinks that such a theory is difficult to establish.
Third, Zhuangzi's natural philosophy-the integration of things and me
Zhuangzi thinks that the size, life span, good and evil, beauty and ugliness of things are relative, and then he does not condemn right and wrong, negates all objective criteria for judging right and wrong, and then enters relativistic philosophical speculation.
Relativism is embodied in Zhuangzi's Autumn Water in Zhuangzi.
When autumn comes, all rivers are full of rivers. The size of Liu Jinghe, two? What happened? Hey? What happened to eggplant? Lavida Yun Bo? Yun Yulun? Prison? ≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡? School? Bad baking #? Hey? KINOMOTO SAKURA? Suffering? Excuse me, s, is it difficult? Editing? His face, looking at the ocean, sighed and said, "There is a saying in wild language:' If you know everything, you think you don't know yourself', which I call." And I smell of Zhong Ni, and those who despise Boyi will believe me. Today, I saw that this child is hardly poor. If I am not in front of the children's house, I will be in danger. My parents laugh at generous families. ("Zhuangzi Qiushui")
Liu Xinglin believes that this allusion has profound implications. No mountains, no flat land; Without the sea, there is no flow. Each of us is actually very small, so don't be arrogant, not to mention aiming too high. You know, there are people outside, and there are days behind.
The water in the world is bigger than the sea, and Wan Chuan belongs to it. I wonder when it will stop. I don't know when it is empty; Spring is the same as autumn. We don't know about floods and droughts. This is the flow of the river, which cannot be measured. But I have never been self-sufficient, thinking that I am shaped by heaven and earth, and I am suffering from yin and yang. I am between heaven and earth, and I am still in the mountains of Xiaoshi Xiao Mu. The square inch is almost small, but you laugh at yourself! (autumn water)
Liu Xinglin explained that in this passage, Zhuangzi's original intention was to talk about relativism. But in fact, there are many interpretations. Generally speaking, it tells people that you have self-knowledge and you can never rest on your laurels. But this is not Zhuangzi's intention, but it brings positive energy. Therefore, Zhuangzi's stories often have multiple meanings, and his artistic image has gone far beyond Zhuangzi himself. This is called image is greater than thought.
Fourthly, Zhuangzi's philosophy of life-conforming to nature.
Adapting to nature is Zhuangzi's philosophy of life. When others were busy in the city and quarreled fiercely, he stood alone in the wild and sneered. When someone noticed him, he turned his back and went straight to the confusion of the rivers and lakes. This is Zhuangzi's attitude towards people, letting his body and mind blend into nature, regardless of the eyes of the world and secular laws.
My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. It is almost impossible to chase the limit with the limit. Knowing what you already know is almost enough. Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The Governor thinks that you can protect yourself, live all your life, support your relatives and do it for several years. ("Zhuangzi Neipian Health Master")
Liu Xinglin explained that our life is limited and our knowledge is infinite. Pursuing infinite knowledge with limited life is bound to be exhausted! Now that we know this, we have to pursue knowledge, which will make us even more tired! Doing good deeds does not pursue fame and fortune, and doing "evil" that is considered by ordinary people is not punished. By doing things that conform to nature, we can preserve our sanity, cultivate our morality and live a long and good life. This is the way to keep healthy.
People also have virtue, and everything is one. There is chaos in the world. What's the harm? What's the harm? People are also hurt by things: the sky is soaked but not drowned, and the mountain is scorched but not hot in drought. Is it because of the dirt? Bran, I will vote for Yao Shun, who wants to take things as things! ("Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour")
Zhuangzi also spoke a truth, that is, things and me are one. Don't think that people are better than animals, but they are all equal.
Five, the core concept-carefree inaction
As we all know, the core article of Zhuangzi is "Free Travel", which clearly expresses Zhuangzi's unrestrained and free existence and activity state from the beginning without any time and space restrictions. It is a burden that transcends time and space, utility and material world and pursues absolute spiritual freedom.
Liu Xinglin said: "The happy journey is divided into two parts. The first part is based on Kun Peng, which is a metaphor for repetition and layers of opposites. It can be inferred that all things in the world, no matter how big or small, cannot reach the realm of freedom if they are limited by time and space and bound by the material world; In the second half, metaphors are repeatedly quoted in the form of argument, and step by step, which respectively expounds "the sage is nameless", "God is useless" and "man has no self". Nameless, reactive, selfless, is inaction. Freedom can be achieved by doing nothing. "
At the end of the lecture, Liu Xinglin concluded that the style of "Zhuangzi" is arbitrary, good at telling philosophy with fables, with rich imagination, strange ideas and arbitrary exaggeration. The philosophical thoughts embodied in it involve all aspects, and put forward extremely bright, profound and thought-provoking philosophical views in world outlook, outlook on life and values. However, due to the different needs of different times, people will compromise or misinterpret the theme of Zhuangzi's fables. Therefore, when reading Zhuangzi, we must clarify three meanings: original meaning, interpretation and taking meaning. In this way, it can be better interpreted.
Recommended by famous artists and books
Guo Qingfan's Understanding of Zhuangzi in Qing Dynasty
Peking University and Chen Guying's Translation of Zhuangzi's Notes Today.
Notes on Zhuangzi by Cao Chuji of South China Normal University.
Preview of the next class
Copyright statement:
⊙ Some words and pictures come from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us to delete it.
Wenbo Henan Wenbo+Literature+Literature and History, and taste the charm of traditional culture together!
Long press, identify the QR code, and pay attention.