In cold weather, the sudden drop of temperature and the onset of cold current are easy to aggravate their own basic diseases and may also induce new problems. What should the elderly pay attention to during this period?
First, keep warm.
When the weather is cold in winter, the functions of human organs will decrease, blood vessels will contract and blood pressure will increase. If you don't pay attention to keep warm, it will easily lead to blood vessel rupture, high blood pressure and myocardial ischemia.
Pay special attention to the warmth of key parts such as head, back, shoulders, neck and feet. When going out, it is best to wear a cotton hat and scarf, and if necessary, put on a down vest or vest.
Second, closely monitor blood pressure.
The low temperature in winter is the season of high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Cold will stimulate the contraction of the heart, cause hypertension and vasospasm, and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Therefore, patients with hypertension in winter should closely monitor their blood pressure. If they have symptoms such as dizziness, headache, tinnitus, eye swelling, eye pain and numbness of limbs, they should see a doctor in time.
Elderly hypertensive patients with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay more attention to the fluctuation of blood pressure and avoid the situation of "fishing for three days and drying the net for two days".
In addition, you must quit smoking and drinking during this period of cold, especially those with a history of cardiovascular disease.
Third, get more sunshine.
In winter, the sunshine is short and the weather is cold. In order to keep out the cold, the human body generally reduces outdoor activities, especially in the sun. At this time, more sun exposure can promote vitamin D synthesis and calcium and phosphorus absorption.
The sunshine in winter is mild and soft, and the ultraviolet rays are not as strong as those in summer.
If the elderly bask in the sun properly in winter, it will help to strengthen their physique and reduce diseases.
However, the elderly can bask in the back and waist in winter to promote blood circulation, which is also helpful to prevent osteoporosis.
Fourth, moderate exercise.
When the temperature drops, exercise can make the body better adapt to the cold environment.
In addition, when the weather is cold, people's sympathetic nerves are excited, adrenaline secretion increases, and blood pressure rises; At this time, due to the reduction of energy supply in the body, the metabolic rate slows down or even stagnates, and so on, there will be a decline in body resistance.
Therefore, exercise should be gradual, increase the amount of exercise appropriately, and avoid outdoor exercise when the temperature is high; People with basic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease should exercise under the guidance of a doctor.
Try not to go out to exercise when the weather is cold in winter, because when the temperature drops, the capillaries of human muscles, joints and other tissues contract, the blood flow decreases and the blood viscosity increases, and the risk of thrombosis will increase;
At the same time, if you encounter strong cold air stimulation, exposed parts of the body or direct contact with cold air in outdoor sports, it will also induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Therefore, it is suggested that elderly friends should pay attention to keeping warm, preventing cold and catching cold when going out.
Fifth, pay attention to the diet structure
When the weather is cold, the appetite of the old people will decrease.
Winter is the season when the yang hides and the yin grows. At this time, if you eat too much cold food, it will lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and even diarrhea.
It is suggested that the diet of the elderly in cold weather should be mainly warm tonic, and the food can be lean meat, fish, eggs and beans. Eat less raw, cold, hard and crisp things.
In addition, be careful not to overeat and eat slowly.