It is an old saying that doctors are praised for curing diseases and saving lives. "Hanging pot" is a special term for Chinese medicine practice. The compilation of The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and The Legend of Immortals is related to Taoist doctor Gong Hu. The suspicion of "pot" comes from the homonym of "Hu" and "Xuan". Later, pharmacies used gourd as a cover, and pharmaceutical companies also used gourd as a trademark pattern. There was a saying that "I don't know what medicine is sold in gourd". Doctors are kind-hearted and help all sentient beings with medical skills, which is known to the world, and there is a saying that hanging pots helps the world. Its canon is almost derived from this.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 82, Magic Biography, said: "Fei Changfang, a native of Runan (now southwest of Shangcai, Henan), used to be a city official. There is an old man who sells medicine in the city. He hangs a pot on the boss's head. When he gets to the city, he jumps into the pot. People in the city can't see it, but it's different when he sees it upstairs in a long house. I went to worship again, so I went to the wine chest. Weng knew that the meaning of Changfang was also God, and said: My son can come back tomorrow, and Changfang will return to Weng one day, and Weng is in the pot with him. Only when I saw Yutang Yan Li, I thought the wine was sweet and delicious, and I drank it. Weng made a promise not to listen to others, so he went to Hou Changfang and said, I am a fairy, and I am responsible for seeing you. Can I go with you after this? There was no wine downstairs, so I said goodbye to you ... Changfang wanted to ask for directions and followed him into the mountain. Uncle Weng said, "I can teach you, so I can cure all diseases." "
This amazing record can also be found in Gong Hu Biography, Volume 9 of Fairy Biography, which claims that "Gong Hu's name is unknown. There are more than 20 volumes of Calling for Military Symbols and Calling for Ghosts to Cure Wang Fu Symbols in this world, all of which belong to Gong Hu ... "Legend has it that there is a Hu Weng in the world (about the 2nd century AD), and I don't know his name, so he is called Gong Hu. "Said, calendar Yang people, selling medicine in the city. No price, no treatment. The speaker said: Take this medicine, and you will vomit. If you get well one day, nothing will work. Collect tens of thousands of dollars a day and distribute them to the poor and hungry people in the city. "North" Yuzishan Collection "Volume 1 Fu said:" The husband is on the branch, and Chao Fu has a nest; In a jar, "If the husband is above the branch, Chao Fu will have a nest;" In the jar, Gong Hu has a place to live. "Water Mirror" Volume 21 Zhu, a milkman, is called "Gong Hu's surname is Wang". "Three-hole Pearl Capsule" says "Xie Yuan sells fairy medicine".
Gong Hu was an old man who sold medicine in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He has Daoism and is good at using magic to cure diseases. Because there is often a pot hanging in the market to sell medicine, "the price of medicine is different" and "all diseases are cured", so later generations call medical practice "hanging pot". From this perspective, Hu Weng is a hermit doctor with brilliant medical skills and charity. Because it often hangs a pot as a medical symbol in the medical department, it is called a pot Weng, and there are many myths and legends in folklore. Hu Weng once taught Fei Changfang medicine. Although this record is legendary, if we uncover the shroud of Gong Hu and Fei Changfang, it is not difficult to know that they were famous doctors in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Gong Hu's deeds are widely circulated, and almost all physicians in the past dynasties celebrated his medical practice with "the joy of hanging a pot", or hung a gourd in the clinic as a symbol of medical practice. Today, many pharmacies and pharmaceutical companies are still in use. This allusion is widely spread, and there is still a colloquial expression such as "What medicine does fenugreek sell" in people's daily language.
Another word "Hutian" is synonymous with pot and also refers to Taoist fairyland. Heaven and earth in a pot is used to refer to the carefree and quiet life of Taoism. Tang Li Bai's "The Former Residence of Xiashimen": "Why not take off gratitude? There are different days in the pot. " Tang Lizhong's "For the Quiet": "The sun and the moon are close in the pot, and the haze outside the island is bright." No matter how people look at Gong Hu's life experience, he is immortal. In the pot and pot sky where Gong Hu lives, there is the sun, the moon and the sky above, and there is a platform below. This fairyland that simulates reality is all cultivated in a pot. The belief in immortals began to fabricate the paradise where immortals lived at the bud. This paradise can make human beings get rid of the shackles of birth, illness and death that they can't get rid of in the world, and get the guarantee of eternal life and all kinds of enjoyment. The belief in immortals spread throughout the cultural circles of China, Chu and Vietnam in the pre-Qin period, so alchemists from various countries invented many fairy parks, among which the legends of Kunlun Mountain in the west and Sanshen Mountain in the east had the greatest influence.
On "Medical Ethics" of Ancient Famous Doctors
(1) A husband is a doctor's law, and you must never tease others, talk about banter and noise, talk about right and wrong, talk about people, show off your reputation, ruin all doctors, and be proud of yourself. Once in a while, if you treat a disease, you will be proud. It's called a westward journey, and it's a great doctor. (Sun Simao's Theory of Great Doctors' Sincerity)
(2) Anyone who is a doctor is essentially a Wen Ya. He must be humble and polite, gentle, have no self-esteem and cannot be pretentious. (General discussion on pediatric health)
(3) Use it repeatedly and try again, and you will get something. If you don't usurp the collection to make up the heavens and the earth, it is also bullying the city. Bullying others, the good days will be blocked and eventually you will lose your medical skills. Don't bully the weak and be afraid of the hard, carry forward your conscience day by day, and be more knowledgeable. (Li Ting's drug introduction)
(4) There are people who are waiting and doing nothing on my road. They praise their strengths and are short-sighted. Every time I go to a patient's home, I don't ask about the illness, but I destroy the previous medical mistakes, so that I can scare the patients and make the previous medical drugs full. Why ask for it? The cover is temporary or biased and has no effect. How can you treat prodrug as a mediocrity? (Gong Tingxian Renaissance)
5] Don't be conceited, be modest and prudent, and be respectful when you get old. Some scholars learn from it, but proud people give up. Dial the failed suggestion. ("Five Commandments and Ten Essentials of Doctor Chen Shigong")
[6] Therefore, it is impossible to become a doctor without talent, knowledge and knowledge, and it is also impossible to achieve medical purposes by talent, knowledge and knowledge. Observe calmly, respond modestly, and be a husband. (Preface to Rejuvenation)
(7) Doctors' understanding of diseases is both wrong and strong. If they don't know when they are sick, they don't know when they are sick. If they abdicate humbly, they will give up their talents and ensure that others are alive. Doctors are wrong. Don't deny yourself. You don't like people when you talk. It's impossible to make sense with them. (Cheng Zhongling's medical understanding)
According to the history of TCM, there are many famous doctors in China. They not only have superb medical technology, but also have noble medical ethics. Their words and deeds can be borrowed and imitated. Here are some examples.
1, delve into technology and strive for perfection.
Xu Chunpu, a famous doctor in Ming Dynasty, said: "Medicine is expensive, but it will harm people if it is not refined." Throughout the history of our country, all outstanding medical scientists have worked hard on the word "essence". They worked hard all their lives, pursued diligently, persevered and strived for perfection, and finally achieved brilliant academic achievements and won the infinite admiration of future generations. For example, Zhang Zhongjing of the Eastern Han Dynasty studied medicine with Zhang Bozu when he was young. Because he is diligent and studious, his medical skills are "better than Bozu". He was born in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, with frequent wars, epidemic diseases and abandoned life. More than 200 people in his family fell ill and died two thirds in less than 10 years. He witnessed this terrible situation, so he studied the classic medical books carefully, combined with his own clinical experience, summed them up and perfected them, and wrote 16 volume Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which initiated the program of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and became a classic of Chinese medical classics, and was honored as "medical sage" by future generations. Another example is Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty, who was sickly when he was a child. He loved medicine since he was a teenager, and he still loved it in his later years. He lived for more than 100 years, and was repeatedly rejected by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and he practiced medicine among the people for a long time. He was "knowledgeable and studious" all his life. At the age of 70, he wrote 30 volumes of "A Thousand Daughters Will Come". Thirty years later, he 100 years old, regardless of age, but also afraid of the legacy of the sea. He kept searching for information, kept improving, and wrote 30 volumes of "A Thousand Dollars of Fang Yi", which complemented each other with "A Thousand Dollars of Fang Yao". Together, the two books are called Qian Jin Fang, which is an immortal medical masterpiece. He was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations. Another example is Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty, who was a doctor for three generations, had a family history, was knowledgeable and loved medicine. He once introduced himself like this: "Young people are sick, ... eager for classics. If you chew sugar cane, there are 100 fishing and hunting books." He likes studying, and reading is as sweet as eating sugar cane. In view of the mistakes and omissions in cursive scripts of past dynasties, he made up his mind to write a new cursive script. At the age of 34, he wrote a world-famous pharmaceutical masterpiece Compendium of Materia Medica, which was called by Guo Moruo as "a sage of traditional Chinese medicine and a masterpiece of China's pharmacy".
2, treat patients, serious and responsible.
Being kind to patients, helping the world, inviting patients, being responsive, saving lives and being conscientious are the fine traditions of famous doctors in China. Doctors should show meticulous care, consideration and love to any patient and treat them as relatives. Sun Simiao said in the article "Great Doctors are Sincere": "All great doctors must be calm and carefree, have no desire or desire, show great compassion first, and swear to save the suffering of the spirit. If someone is sick and asks for help, don't ask them whether they are poor or rich, whether they are old or young, whether they are friendly or not, whether they are common, and they are all like relatives. The doctor is more anxious than the patient. Please go. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a famous doctor in Zhu Danxi. " People who greet the disease from all directions will go there every day when they are free. Although the rain and snow carry the road, it will not stop. The servant complained of pain, and Mr. Yu said: The sick are old and want to escape. "In case of critically ill patients, should actively rescue. For example, Bian Que (Qin Yueren), a famous doctor in the Warring States Period, was a folk doctor who traveled around the world. One day, when he passed Guo, he suddenly fell ill and was in a coma for a long time. Doctors are at a loss. Guo Jun invited Bian Que to meet him. Bian Que said to Guo Jun through a detailed and careful examination: "If it is said that his students have given acupuncture, bian stone and oral decoction. After being rescued, they finally turned the corner. Traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the whole and emphasizes syndrome differentiation and treatment. Doctors must treat four diseases simultaneously. In the Qing Dynasty, we advocated "discussing the illness first, then taking medicine" and established "discussing the illness with the master", which fully embodied the spirit of being highly responsible for patients. Zhang Zhongjing severely criticized some careless and perfunctory quacks in An Introduction to Treatise on Febrile Diseases. He said: "The doctors who see today do not think about the purpose, do what they know, pass on their skills, and always follow the old. To save the sick and ask the sick, the service is to give medicine orally, but also to treat the soup. If you don't press your feet, shaking hands is not enough. People welcome Sun, but the three departments don't participate, and less than fifty people move. Short-term unknown diagnosis, nine waiting times, there is no absence of court in the hall, and nothing has been observed. The so-called voyeuristic tube, it is really difficult for her husband to from ruin! "
3. Saving the world is not for reward.
It is also a fine tradition of famous doctors in China to help the poor and support doctors with medicine. For example, Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdoms period, was born in Fujian and lived in Lushan Mountain. He is a folk doctor with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics. He treats people for free. After the cure, all the seriously ill patients planted 5 apricot trees at their doorsteps, and the mild patients planted 1 plant as a reward. A few years later, 65438+ ten thousand apricot trees were planted, and they became forests. Apricots are ripe and easy to eat, which is used to relieve poor patients. "Xinglin Spring Warm" and "Named Xinglin" are the stories of a medical forest. Another example is Shen Yingshan, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty and a newcomer in Jiangxi. He has excellent medical skills and a kind heart. In case of epidemic diseases, he bought and stored medicines, built a house next to his home and took in patients. Medical expenses and meals are not accepted. To treat patients, everyone comes, "it's safe when you come", because it's "Laiantang" who was ordered to give up his life. Another example is Zhang Mingzheng, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty and a native of Wuyuan, Jiangxi. He used to work in a hospital and later returned to China to practice medicine. On the way, he met a poor man with dysentery without complaint. He was very sad to see it. He sent his servant home, took medicine, recovered after a month, and sent him home. He didn't ask his name and address when he left. At that time, people praised him for "treating the world like a family and saving passers-by." Medical skill is benevolence, and the purpose of studying medicine is to save lives, not to make a fortune. Li Dongyuan accepted Tianyi Luo as an apprentice in his later years. The first thing I said when I first met him was, "Are you here to learn how to find money to cure diseases? How about learning to preach medicine? " That is, do you come to study medicine to make money or to preach and teach? Tianyi answered "I also preach the ear" in order to spread the law and help the world. Immediately accepted him as an apprentice, and later Luo became a famous doctor. It can be seen that the famous doctors in ancient China had strict requirements on students' self-motivated and moral quality.
4. Respect teachers and ask for advice with an open mind.
Most of the famous doctors in China were born in Shi Zhuan, such as Bian Que worshiped Chang Sangjun as the teacher, Cang Gong (Chunyuyi) worshipped Yang Qing as the teacher, and Zhang Zhongjing worshipped Zhang Bozu as the teacher. They respect their teachers, learn from them with an open mind, and finally "spread their stories" and even achieved more than their teachers. Jin Dynasty had a well-off family and loved medicine. When he heard that Zhang had a medical name, he donated his daughter to study medicine. A few years later, he got his place, and later became one of the "four outstanding men in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties". In the Yuan Dynasty, Mu Wulin (Hangzhou) was a good doctor and made more than ten trips back and forth. "The sun stands at its door and it is not easy to set off a big storm." Roche was deeply moved and taught him all his medical skills. Later, he became one of the "four outstanding figures in Jinyuan". In Qing Dynasty, Ye was open-minded and studious. He heard that someone is good at treating a certain disease, that is, he went to visit for advice. Visited 17 famous teachers. He can learn from the strengths of various schools and later become a famous scholar, especially making the greatest contribution to the study of febrile diseases. He is one of the four famous febrile diseases experts in Qing Dynasty. There are many examples above, so I won't list them here.
The noble medical ethics of ancient famous doctors in China have been passed down from generation to generation and become a model in the medical field.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Dong Feng, a famous doctor of the State of Wu, did not charge for treatment, but only asked the cured people to plant a few apricot trees around their residence. A few years later, apricot trees turned into a forest, and the harvest proceeds were used to treat the poor or exiles. Later generations regarded "Xinglin" as a synonym for medical circles or clinics. Now, plaques or banners of "Xinglin is warm in spring" are often used to praise accomplished doctors.
Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in Tang Dynasty, had a lot of patients coming to his clinic because of his exquisite medical skills, and he often had to wait in line for treatment. In order to reduce the pain of patients waiting in line, he carved some prescriptions for common diseases on stone tablets and stood on the roadside of his residence, allowing patients to treat themselves according to the prescriptions without taking a penny. For critically ill patients seeking treatment, no matter how far the journey is, whether they are hungry or tired, a phone call will always arrive. One day, he was waiting for dinner after seeing the doctor, and someone begged him to make house calls. When he was about to leave, his wife said, "The meal is ready. Eat it! " "Dr. Sun said to his wife seriously," If you don't eat a meal, you won't die, but if you miss the diagnosis and treatment time, you will die. "Had said, go with a medicine cabinet.
Chen angong, a famous doctor in Ming dynasty, kept secrets from his patients. He didn't talk to his wife for inconvenience. Once, a prostitute suffered from sexually transmitted diseases. After the diagnosis, Dr. Chen was prescribing medicine, and his wife came to see him for something. Afraid that his wife would see that the prescription was for sexually transmitted diseases, he quickly put his hand over the prescription and said, "You can't look at this side!" " "The wife knew that her husband kept a secret for the sick family, so she stopped and waited for the woman to take the prescription before she dared to go forward. Dr. Chen's medical ethics of keeping secrets for patients has spread to this day, and there are still rules of keeping secrets for patients in the medical field.
Ye, a famous doctor in Jiangnan in Qing dynasty, never hesitated to practice medicine, even if he had a little hope, he would try his best. Once, he passed a farmer's house, heard crying in the house and went in. I didn't know that someone died of a sudden illness until I asked. He observed the "corpse" for a long time, took out a silver needle and stuck it on the "dead". This man has really come back to life. Ye Shi Tian gained a great reputation, saying that he could even cure the dead, but he said, "I don't have such ability, but I diagnose it carefully!"