I. Overview of Bamboo Shoots Bamboo shoots, also known as bamboo shoots, are perennial evergreen woody plants, and the edible parts are newborn, tender and fat buds or whips. Bamboo originated in China, with many kinds, strong adaptability and wide distribution. There are 30 genera and 550 species in the world, which are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. China is one of the countries with the largest bamboo production in the world. There are 22 genera and more than 200 species, which are distributed all over the country, with the Pearl River and Yangtze River basins being the most abundant. There is little rainfall and low temperature at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, and only a few dwarf bamboos grow. The main excellent bamboo species for bamboo shoots in China are Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Phyllostachys pubescens in the Pearl River Basin and Taiwan Province Province, Fujian Province. The underground stems of Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens and other scattered bamboo species are deeply buried in the soil, and bamboo whips and bamboo shoots are protected by the soil layer, so they are not easy to suffer from freezing injury in winter, and the bamboo shoots are mainly produced in spring. The underground stems of Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys pubescens and other clustered bamboo species are shallow in the soil, and the shoots are often exposed on the soil surface, which is vulnerable to freezing injury in winter, and the shoot emergence period is mainly in summer and autumn. Bamboo is native to the tropics and subtropics, and prefers temperature to cold. It is mainly distributed in areas with annual rainfall of1000 ~ 2000 mm. The optimum temperature for bamboo growth is 16 ~ 17℃, below 30℃ in summer and around 4℃ in winter. The annual average temperature of Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Phyllostachys pubescens is 65438 08 ~ 20℃, and the average temperature in June is above 65438 0℃. Therefore, bamboo forests are flourishing in the south of China and scarce in the north. Bamboo needs deep, loose, fertile, moist soil with good drainage and ventilation, and the suitable soil pH value is 4.5 ~ 7.

Second, the nutritional value of bamboo shoots Since ancient times, China has regarded bamboo shoots as "treasures in vegetables". In terms of nutrition, many people used to think that bamboo shoots are delicious, but they are not nutritious. Some even think that "eating bamboo shoots for three days and scraping oil". This understanding is inaccurate. In fact, bamboo shoots are rich in protein, amino acids, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene and vitamins B 1, B2 and C. Every100g of fresh bamboo shoots contains 9.79g of dry matter, 3.28g of protein, 4.47g of carbohydrate, 0.9g of cellulose, 0. 1 3g of fat, 22mg of calcium, 56mg of phosphorus and 0.1mg of iron, and the protein of bamboo shoots is superior, including lysine, tryptophan, threonine and so on. It is an excellent healthy vegetable.

Chinese medicine believes that bamboo shoots are sweet, slightly cold and non-toxic. Medically, it has the effects of clearing heat and resolving phlegm, invigorating qi and regulating stomach, curing thirst, benefiting waterways, benefiting diaphragm and clearing stomach. Especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, moth-eaten bamboo shoots are an effective diuretic, suitable for edema, ascites, beriberi, acute nephritis edema, asthma, diabetes, quenching thirst and reducing fever, tender bamboo leaves, bamboo shavings and bamboo juice. Bamboo shoots are also low in fat, sugar and fiber. Eating bamboo shoots can not only promote intestinal peristalsis, help digestion, help digestion, prevent constipation, but also prevent colorectal cancer. Bamboo shoots contain less fat and starch, which is a natural low-fat and low-calorie food and a good product for obese people to lose weight. Health experts believe that people in bamboo forests live longer and seldom suffer from high blood pressure, which is related to eating bamboo shoots frequently.

Third, the edible guide Bamboo shoots are the embryonic form of bamboo poles. In the longitudinal section, you can see that there are many diaphragms and thick bamboo shoots in the middle, and the bamboo shoots are wrapped in bamboo baskets. Bamboo shoot meat, diaphragm and tender parts of bamboo shoots can be eaten. Bamboo shoots can be dug in winter and harvested before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day 3 ~ 6 years after bamboo shoots are produced. The quality of bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys pubescens is better than that of Phyllostachys pubescens. Bamboo shoots were harvested after planting Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Phyllostachys pubescens for two years, with April ~165438+10 as the harvest period and July ~ August as the harvest peak. The best harvesting time is when the head of bamboo shoots just emerges from the soil, so it is too late to harvest, which is rich in fiber and tastes bitter. Bamboo shoots, also known as magnolia slices, can be eaten in winter, spring and summer all year round.

The water content of fresh bamboo shoots is high, the water content of bamboo shoots is 90% and that of winter bamboo shoots is 85%. They are fresh and tender foods, which are not resistant to storage and long-distance transportation. As a kind of vegetable, it has always been deeply loved by people, and it tastes fragrant and delicious, and is regarded as a treasure in dishes. Bamboo shoots cannot be eaten raw. It's bitter and unpalatable when cooked alone, but fried bamboo shoots with meat are especially delicious. Bamboo shoots can be used for soup or cooking, and can make many delicious dishes. Such as bamboo shoots and crucian carp soup, bamboo shoots and pork, and bamboo shoots and rice porridge. Now bamboo shoots are made into dried bamboo shoots, magnolia slices and cans.