Xie Tiao

Series: 300 ancient poems

Go to Sanshan in the evening and return to Wang Jingyi.

Now I can overlook Chang 'an City from Baling Mountain, and look back at the capital like looking back at Luoyang, climbing three mountains in Heyang.

The sun sets on the towering roof, and the houses in Beijing are not so high and low.

The residual clouds of the sunset are scattered like rosy clouds, and the clear river is as calm as white.

Noisy birdsong covers the spring, and all kinds of flowers cover the countryside in the suburbs.

I will stay in the country far from the capital, and I miss the happy party that has stopped.

When it's time for Danggui, I'm disappointed and tears fall like snow beads.

People with feelings know that they are homesick. Who can't change their black hair?

To annotate ...

1 sanshan: the mountain name is in the southwest of Nanjing today. Still hope: look back. Jingyi: A guide to the health of the capital of Qi State, which is now Nanjing.

2. Looking at Chang 'an: Borrowing the poem "Going south to the Baling River and looking back at Chang 'an" in RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems at the end of Han Dynasty. Ba, the name of water, originated in Lantian, Shaanxi Province and flows east of Chang 'an. Seeing Jingxian County from Heyang —— Borrowing the poem "Introducing Wangjingfang" from the Poem of Heyang by Pan Yue, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty. Heyang: The old city is in the west of Meng County, Henan Province. Jingxian county refers to Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. In the evening, I attached myself to Sanshan and looked back at the capital Jiankang.

Li: In the usage of this verb, there is a meaning that "radiation makes" ... colorful ". Liao Fei: The roof of the house rises like a flying wing. Liao: The roof. Rugged: A rugged appearance. Under the sunshine, the buildings in Kyoto are colorful, and the height is scattered.

4 yee: patterned silk and brocade. Chengjiang: Clear water. Practice: white silk. The clear river is as calm as a white horse.

5 noisy bird Gai Chunzhou: describe many birds. Cover: cover. Miscellaneous English: All kinds of flowers. Diana: The countryside.

The sixth party: Will. Stagnation: long residence time. Stay too long. Huai: I miss it.

Ceremony: refers to the date of return. Disappointment: Disappointed. Pheasant: Snow Beads. The meaning of two sentences is: after leaving, thinking about when to come back makes people feel sad and sad, leaving tears like snow beads.

8 curly hair: black hair. Change: here refers to whitening. Who can't keep his hair white when he is homesick?

translate

I am Rainbow, who overlooks Chang 'an on Baling Mountain, and I am Pan Yue, who looks back at Luoyang in Heyang and the capital in Sanshan Mountain.

Sunset makes the soaring roofs colorful and beautiful, and the houses in Beijing are uneven and lifelike.

The remaining sunset clouds are scattered like colorful brocade, and the clarified river is as calm as white practice.

Noisy birds cover the small continent in spring, and all kinds of flowers are full of fragrant countryside.

I will be away from Beijing for a long time, and I really miss those happy parties that have stopped.

When is the date of returning to China? I was so disappointed that tears fell like snow beads.

People with feelings know that they miss their hometown. Whose black hair can't be changed? ?

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Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "It is rare to ponder over the moon for a long time, but it is rare in the eyes of the ancients." It is Xie Xuanhui's long-standing memory to understand the truth and be as quiet as practicing. "(Li Bai's" Singing under the Moon on the West Tower of Jinling City ") is a famous sentence of Xie Tiao, a poet in Southern Qi Dynasty. The beautiful scenery in front of the west building of Jinling City (now Nanjing) made Li Bai deeply realize the artistic conception of "Chengjiang is as quiet as practice". The great poet recalled his predecessors and couldn't help but let out a sigh that his bosom friend had never met. But Li Bai didn't expect that this poem by Xie Tiao won numerous bosom friends in later generations because of his admiration.

Climbing three mountains to Wangjing Town in the evening is a five-character ancient poem, which expresses the poet's homesickness when he climbs three mountains and overlooks the beautiful scenery of Beijing and the great river.

This poem should have been written in 495 AD (the second year of Jianwu of Qi Ming Emperor), when Xie Tiao was the magistrate of Xuancheng. During this trip, he also wrote an ancient poem entitled "From Xuancheng, Xinlinpu to Banqiao". According to "Water Mirror Note", the river flows through the three mountains and leaves Banqiaopu, which shows that the three mountains are the only place for Xie Tiao to go from Beijing to Jiankang. Three mountains, named after the three peaks connected north and south, are located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the southwest of Jiankang, with a ferry nearby, which is equivalent to the distance from Baqiao to Chang 'an. At the beginning of this poem, RoyceWong borrowed the meaning of "going south to the Baling River and looking back at Chang 'an" from "Seven Wounded Poems", describing the scene of him going up the river and going up to the three mountains on the river bank in the evening to look back at Jiankang, which is very appropriate. Literally, the sentence "the river looks at Jingxian County" seems to be a repetition of the previous sentence, but it is not. Here, I borrow the sentence of "Leading Wangjing Room" in Pan Yue's poem about Heyang, implying that I want to be a county magistrate in Xuancheng and look at the sanitation of Jingyi from a distance, just like Pan Yue in the Western Jin Dynasty was a county magistrate in Heyang and looked at Luoyang, the capital. RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems was written at the end of Han Dynasty when Dong Zhuo was killed and Li Jue and Guo Si were in Chang 'an chaos. Looking back at Chang 'an, he not only expressed his nostalgia for Chang 'an, but also expressed his yearning for wise kings and his desire to rebuild peaceful rule. Before Xie Tiao went to guard this time, Jiankang changed three emperors a year, which was also a political turmoil. Therefore, the first two sentences not only explain the reason and distance of leaving Beijing, but also implicitly express the poet's attachment to Beijing and anxiety about the current situation through allusions.

The first two sentences lead to homesickness, the last six sentences describe scenery, and the last six sentences describe feelings. The poet kept the meaning of the question, chose the distinctive scenery, and clearly summarized the level he saw on the landing in six poems. From a distance, the eaves of palaces and aristocratic houses are uneven and clearly visible under the sunlight. Just a few words, "The sun is shining and flying, four or four can be seen", vividly describe the bustling scene of this city and the magnificent style of Kyoto. The "daytime" here refers to the daylight at night. The word "Li" originally means "attachment" and "bright and beautiful". There are two meanings here, which depict the increasingly brilliant scene of Yun Fei in the sunset, showing Xie Tiao's efforts in refining ci. The word "jagged" not only describes the density of Beijing palaces, but also makes the whole picture look patchy. The word "everyone can see" secretly conveys the poet's determination: since the whole city is vivid, it is normal for ordinary people to identify their old homes from it. Therefore, although these two sentences are about scenery, they imply the image of a lyric hero from a distance.

The poet didn't point out how long he stayed on the mountain, but the change from "day" to "afterglow" naturally showed the passage of time. The sentence "Sunset shines in bloom, and Jiang Jing is like practicing" describes that the sky is sinking, the brilliant sunset shines like scattered brocade, and the clear river stretches into the distance like clear white silk. This pair of metaphors is not only colorful and pleasing to the eye, but also the metaphors of "Qi" and "Lian" give people a quiet and intuitive feeling, which also complements the calm and soft mood at dusk. The word "static" is also good for "net". Xie Zhen, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, criticized the repetition of "Cheng" and "Jing" and wanted to change it to "autumn water is like practice". Wang Shizhen, another poetics theorist, disagreed, thinking that Jiang Cheng was the last one to say it. Wang Shizhen, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, also ridiculed Xie Zhen and said, "Why do you want to practice in Chengjiang?" Laugh and kill and talk about poetry. Thanks! In fact, without Xie Zhen's tampering, the benefits of the word "Cheng" would be easily overlooked. When the river is clear, the word "net" (or "quiet") can be defined, and it can complement the metaphor of the white lotus. At the same time, the "clear" river can also evoke the association between clouds in the sky and reflections in the water. Li Bai quoted the words "Chengjiang is as quiet as practice" in "Singing the Moon on the West Tower of Jinling City" to describe the ethereal and transparent feeling of the river immersed in the moonlight, and the word "Chengjiang" is even more sunny. It can be seen that the metaphor of "being quiet as practicing" is successfully expressed by the word "Qing". Compared with "Jing", the word "Jing" is more vivid. In the Tang Dynasty, Xu Ning used the white lotus as a metaphor for a waterfall: "As long as the white lotus flies through the ages, a green hill will be broken. Wang Shizhen described the waterfall as "evil land" because of his quiet and white practice, but the living scene was dumbfounded. This example can help readers realize the benefits of "being quiet as practicing" from the opposite side. If we compare Xie Tiao's two poems with Xie Lingyun's "Clouds and the sun set each other off, and the water is empty and fresh" ("Island in the River"), we can see Xie Tiao's leap in scenery description. Xie Lingyun used a direct narrative method to explain the scene of water and sky, which was ethereal and clear, and the meaning was more real. Xie Tiao, on the other hand, can be described by appropriate metaphors, so that the scene where water and sky set each other off has bright and pleasing colors, and can be integrated with the hero's feelings for the scenery, expressing more ethereal.

If you use the phrase "Yu Xia" to blur the scenery of Jiangtian, then use the phrase "Birds cover Chunzhou, and the heroic spirit is full of Fangdian" to blur the interest of Jiangzhou. Noisy returning birds covered the island in the river, and all kinds of wild flowers bloomed all over the fragrant countryside. The noise of birds highlights the tranquility of the river in the evening, and flowers everywhere seem to be competing with the sunset. Birds still know where to go, but people are far away, not to mention the picturesque spring scenery in their hometown, which makes people linger. No wonder the poet lamented, "If you leave, you will stay in prostitution. Let's have a party. These two sentences, skillfully using the meaning of the word here, can be interpreted in two ways. They not only express the sadness of being away from home for a long time and the nostalgia for the old feast life, but also write the mood that the poet has turned back and stayed late, but stopped because of homesickness. " "Go to Yi" and "Huai Zai" fight with each other with function words, resulting in a prose-like sigh tone and enhancing the sense of rhythm.

At this point, the meaning of boarding has been written, and there seems to be nothing to write. However, the poet cleverly skipped a step. From the attachment to the capital in front of me, I thought that I would return to my hometown in the foreseeable future, and tears scattered on my chest like snow, and my feelings began to stir again. "If you have feelings for homesickness, who can stay the same?" From the bitterness of leaving home, it is extended to the homesickness of ordinary people: life is affectionate, and homesickness is known at last. In the long run, no one can guarantee that black hair will not turn white. Although the ending is not worrying, it actually echoes the beginning, still returning to the original intention of hope, and the poet's mood also fell to the lowest point when expressing his feelings about life.

This poem is full of color, simple and soft feelings, light and gentle. The poet's description of the evening in Jingyi is so bright and beautiful that there is no sense of desolation and gloom. Of course, it is to show his love for his hometown, but it is also related to the fact that there is no profound and eternal sentimental meaning in his poems. The structure of the whole poem is complete and symmetrical, and the most impressive sentence is "Yu Xia is scattered into Qi, and Chengjiang is as quiet as practice". This phenomenon, in which one famous poem often stands out, is that the landscape poems in Song and Qi Dynasties are still in the early stage, and it is also related to the problem of "too many last poems" in Xie Tiao's poems, as Zhong Rong said. Xie Tiao's landscape poems still follow the procedure that Xie Lingyun writes scenery in the first half and expresses emotion in the second half. Due to the lack of thoughts and feelings, lofty ideals and interests, most of the lyricism in the second half lacks the wind of being resolute and popular. The other is "dedicated to style", which directly expresses meaning, not as concise as the image of scenery writing, but more light and scattered. The mood at the end of this article is weak and depressed, which is slightly out of proportion to the magnificent and open scenery written earlier. Nevertheless, his skill of cutting scenery, the beauty of poetic style and the naturalness of emotional charm marked the maturity of the art of landscape poetry and had a great influence on the Tang people. Therefore, whenever Li Bai wins a scene, he often "wishes that he can't bring Xie Tiao's strange poems" ("Miscellanies of Yunxian"), and "explaining Tao as quietly as practicing" is such a story.