In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked Lu, and Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to fight. Cao Gui asked to meet (Duke Lu Zhuang). His compatriot said: "Since there are people with high status (will) plan this matter, why (you) should participate?" Cao Gui said: "People in high positions are short-sighted and fail to think ahead." So he went to the court to visit (Duke Zhuang of Lu). Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting with Qi?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "Food and clothing (for health) can't be enjoyed exclusively, but must be given to others." Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't reach the people, and the people won't listen to you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to make a false report or exaggerate things like pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silks for sacrifice, but I must tell God truthfully." Cao Gui said: "(This is only) a small contribution, you can't convince the gods, and the gods won't bless you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "Even if we can't see clearly, we should deal with cases according to the facts." Cao Gui said, "This is my duty. This kind of situation can be played. If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "
Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui rode in the same car and fought against the Qi army in the ladle. Duke Zhuang was about to beat gongs and drums and March. Cao Gui said, "Not now." After the Qi army beat the drums three times, Cao Gui said, "You can beat the drums and move forward." The Qi army was defeated. Zhuang Zhengyi wanted to order the pursuit and said, "Not yet." Get off to see the car prints of the Qi army, and then get on the bus to see the Qi army on the crossbar. (Then) he said, "You can pursue it." So I chased the Qi army.
Always losing, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked the reason for winning. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on courage. Drumming for the first time can boost morale; When they beat the drum for the second time, the soldiers' courage weakened; By the time the drum was played for the third time, the morale was exhausted. The enemy's courage was exhausted and our morale was high, so we defeated them. A big country (like Qi) is hard to find out, for fear of an ambush. I saw that their wheel prints were messy and their flags were dropped, so I chased them. "
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This article is intended to show Cao Gui's "foresight", so it focuses on "debate" to select materials. In the first paragraph, through the dialogue between Cao Gui and Duke Zhuang of Lu, it is emphasized that the people's heart is the primary condition to determine the outcome of the war, and Cao Gui's strategic thought of "winning the trust of the people" is highlighted; The second paragraph briefly describes the process of Cao Gui's command of Lu army to counterattack, pursue and finally win, showing Cao Gui's military command ability, laying the foundation for the following analysis of the reasons for winning; The third syllogism describes the reasons for winning, and highlights Cao Gui's tactical thought of being good at seizing fighter planes and being cautious and decisive.
Born in sorrow and died in happiness.
Shun was appointed from the field and selected from the masons who built the wall. The glue was used by people who sold fish and salt. Guan Yiwu was used after being released from prison officials. Sun Shuaio was selected from the secluded seaside, and Prissy was selected from the market. Therefore, God will give such people a great responsibility. They must first make their hearts bitter, their bones tired, their hunger, their poverty, and their work unsatisfactory. Through these methods, their hearts will be disturbed, their character will be adhered to and their talents will be increased.
People often make mistakes before they can correct them; When I make a mistake, my mind is troubled and my thinking is blocked, so that I can rise up [or do something] in the future; The haggard color is shown on the face, the sigh is shown in the voice, and then I understand. If there are no ministers who stick to the statutes and sages who can assist the monarch at home, and there are no hostile countries and disasters from foreign countries abroad, countries (like this) will often perish.
We can know that anxiety can make people (or countries) survive and develop, while ease and enjoyment can make people (or countries) languish and die. -
2. Cao Gui Debate was born in sorrow and died in Cao Gui Debate ten years ago. Qi Shi replaced me.
Duke Zhuang is going to fight. The king asked to see Lord Zhuang.
His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said." Then they went to the court to see the duke.
"What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me." Cao Gui replied, "This little favor cannot be extended to the people, and the people will not obey you. "
Duke Zhuang said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks, etc. for sacrifice. I must tell God the truth." Cao Gui said: "Mix's credit cannot be trusted by the gods, and the gods will not bless you." . "
Zhuang Gong said: "Even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes: "Loyalty belongs to you.
You can go to war. Please pay attention to this war. "
Multiply it. Fight for a long spoon.
Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "
Wait until Qi Jun hits the drums three times. Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums." . "
Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse.
"Not now," said Cao Gui. "Then he got off the chariot, looked at the tracks of Qi Jun's wheels, climbed on the chariot, supported the front railing of the chariot and looked at Qi Jun's formation, and said," We can pursue. ". "
So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued. After winning, the king asked him why he won.
He said: "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted.
I am exhausted and profitable, so I will beat it, and my husband will be a big country, which is unpredictable and terrible. I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "
Born in worry and died in happiness, Mencius said, "Shun originated from Mu ①, ② was raised in the building ③, glue ④ was raised in fish and salt, Guan Yiwu was raised in soil ⑤, Sun Shuai 'ao was raised in the sea (6), and Priscilla was raised in the city (7). Therefore, heaven will descend to a great post, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies and skins, empty their bodies, and mess with their actions, so patience has (8) benefited their incompetence.
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in my heart, weigh (9) consider and then do it; Color tag (10), sound, and then metaphor. If you go in, you can't go home (1 1), but if you go out, you will be invincible against foreign invasion, and the country will die forever.
Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. Mencius said: "Shun worked in the fields since he was a child, and he was selected from the work of building walls and selling fish and salt. Guan Zhong was promoted from the prison, Sun Shuai was found from the seaside, and Baijila was selected from the market.
Therefore, God wants to land a great mission on someone, so he must first temper his will, make his bones and muscles tired, make his body hungry, and make himself suffer from poverty, and things are always not smooth. This will shake his mind, exercise his temperament and increase his talent.
People always make mistakes before they correct them; . If you are depressed, you will be extremely anxious, and then you can work hard; Expressed in the face, expressed in the voice, and then understood.
A country, without law-abiding ministers and auxiliary saints, and without the worries of hostile countries outside, is often prone to national subjugation. Therefore, anxiety makes life, but ease and enjoyment are enough to make people die. "
The Chinese version of The Analects has ten original texts 1. Confucius said, "Is it not right to learn and learn from the times?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People are unhappy if they don't know, aren't they gentlemen? "Learning needs constant review to master. It is a pleasure to learn knowledge and review on time.
There are both learning methods and learning attitudes here. Peng, this refers to like-minded people.
It is a pleasure to have like-minded people come from afar to discuss problems together. Others don't understand, but I don't dislike it. This is the style of a gentleman.
This is a matter of personal cultivation. 2. Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher."
Review old knowledge (for politics) and you can gain new experiences or discoveries from it. In this way, you can be a teacher.
3. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless; It is dangerous to think without learning. " (Politics) If you only study and refuse to think, you will be confused; If you just dream and refuse to study, you will have doubts.
This paper expounds the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking, and also talks about learning methods. 4, Confucius said: "By, teach women to know! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. "
Empty rain said, "Lutz, teach you to correctly understand the truth of things. Knowing means knowing, and not knowing means not knowing. This is wisdom. "
This paragraph is about the correct attitude towards things. 5. Zi Gong asked, "Why did Confucius call it' Wen'?" Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask questions. It is called' Wen'."
(Gongye Chang) Zi Gong asked, "Why is Confucius called Wen?" Confucius said: "He is smart and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask people who are not as good as himself. Therefore,' Wen' is posthumous title. "
Here, by answering Yu Gong's questions and giving full play to the topic, we should educate our disciples to be diligent and curious. 6. Confucius said, "It is not good for me to learn without being silent, to learn without being tired, and to teach without being tired!" This is Confucius' self-report, which talks about the attitude and method of learning.
We should keep what we have learned in mind silently and accumulate knowledge continuously. "Never tire of learning" is about the spirit of learning, which is endless and never satisfied.
"Teaching people tirelessly" means teaching students with attitude and enthusiasm. Kong has been like this all his life, so he said, "What's wrong with me?" It can be seen that Confucius is confident.
7. Confucius said: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher; Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them will be my teacher.
We should choose their advantages to study and pay attention to correcting their shortcomings. "What is said here is that as long as you ask for advice with an open mind, there are teachers everywhere.
8. Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." (Yongye) Confucius said, "Those who know are not as good as those who love, and those who love are not as good as those who enjoy."
This passage mainly talks about three levels of learning, and only those who enjoy it can really learn well. 9. The son is on the river, saying, "The deceased is like a husband, and he will not give up day and night."
(Zi Han) Confucius stood by the river and sighed: "The lost time is like a river, flowing day and night." But cherish precious time.
10, Confucius said, "I have never been without food for a day or sleep for a night. It's useless to think, it's better to learn. " (Wei Linggong) Kong Yu said, "I used to eat all day and stay up all night thinking, but it didn't help. I might as well study. "
Xiaoshitang walked 120 steps westward from the hill, across the bamboo, and heard the sound of water singing, which was full of joy. Cut down the bamboo and walk along the road, and you will see a small pool and water in the quiet.
Shi Quan thinks.
3. Ask Cao Gui to argue, born in sorrow, died in happiness, gorged, Cao Gui argued, Zuo Zhuan.
In the spring of ten years, the army of Qi attacked our country of Lu. Duke Zhuang is going to fight. The king asked to see Lord Zhuang. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said." Then they went to the court to see the duke. "What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. "Gong said," If you dare to be an expert, you must divide people. " Cao Gui replied, "This little favor cannot be extended to the people, and the people will not obey you. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks and so on. I must tell God the truth." . Cao Gui said: "Mix has no credit and cannot be trusted by the gods. The gods will not bless you." . "."Zhuang Gong said, "Even if you can't see all the litigation cases in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes, he said, "Loyalty belongs to you. You can fight a war. Please follow the war. "
Multiply it. Fight for a long spoon. The public will clamor and say, "impossible." The Qi people beat the drums three times and said, "Yes." Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "Then he got off the chariot, looked at the tracks of Qi Jun's wheels, climbed on the chariot, supported the front railing of the chariot and looked at Qi Jun's formation, and said," We can pursue. "."So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.
Born in sorrow and died in happiness, Mencius
Shun was born in mu, Fu Shuo was born in the middle of the building, and the glue was in fish and salt. Guan Yi I was a scholar, Sun Shuai was in the sea, and a hundred miles was in the city.
Therefore, when the sky falls, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot.
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. "
Canyon: Li Daoyuan
The Three Gorges, 700 Li, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, and there is no gap. Rocks piled up, blocking the sunshine in the sky, and there was no sunrise since midnight.
As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, he traveled 200 miles, although he was not ill.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the green pool is rough and the reflection is clear. There are many cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls here, which are beautiful, magnificent and fun.
At the beginning of every sunny day, in first frost and Linhanxichuan, there are often high apes whistling, leading to sorrow, and the hollow valley echoes and the sorrow turns leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes cry three times!"
Senior official Han Taiwei Su Zhe's book.
Deacon Tai Wei: Being a writer is good and thoughtful. It is believed that a writer is shaped by his qi, but he can neither learn nor learn, and qi can be cultivated. Mencius said, "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit." Today, I read his article, which is generous and fills the gap between heaven and earth, calling it small and big. Tai Shigong traveled all over the world, traveled all over the world, and made friends with Yan and Hao Jun, so his prose was sparse and quite strange. How can this second son taste writing as such an essay? It is full of qi, but it overflows its appearance, moves its words, and sees its text without knowing it.
Zhe was born ten to nine years ago. Its home and tourists, but the people near it, the hard-working township party, have never seen anything except a few hundred miles, and there are no mountains and wild places. You can go to it to have a look and broaden yourself. Although Bai read everything, all the ancient sayings were not enough to stimulate his ambition. I'm afraid it will disappear, so I decided to give it up, hoping that the world is spectacular to understand the vastness of heaven and earth. Through the hometown of Qin and Han Dynasties, we can see the heights of South, Song and China. Looking north at the Yellow River, I really want to see the ancient heroes. When I arrived in Beijing, I admired the power of the palace, the wealth and greatness of granaries and urban gardens, and I realized the magnificence of the world. I met Ouyang Gong, an academician, listened to his arguments, looked at his beautiful face, and traveled with his master, so I knew that all articles in the world were gathered here. Autumn is the best in the world with its talents, and the world depends on worry-free, and the four barbarians dare not mess up. In the Duke of Zhou and Zhao Gong, there was an uncle named Tiger, but nothing happened.
Besides, my wife's knowledge is not an ambition, but what is it? When I come, I can see the height of the south, the Song and China in the mountains, the size and depth of the Yellow River in the water, and Ouyang Gong among people, but I thought I had never seen autumn! Therefore, I hope to see the glory of the sages, be strong when I hear a word, and then I can try my best to see the world without regrets.
I am too young to learn official business. Speaking of it, there is nothing to gain; I got it by accident, not by accident. Fortunately, however, he was given the right to be elected, so that after several years of excellent travel, his writing was beneficial and he learned to be a politician. Qiu Gou thought he could teach and humiliate him, but fortunately.
4. I want fish, born in sorrow and died in happiness. Cao Gui argued that Zou Ji satirized fish: Mencius said: "Fish, I want it, bear's paw also wants it; You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it.
Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want; You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness. Life is what I want. I want it more than the living, so I don't want it. If there is nothing more in disgust than death, what can be done to avoid evil that can be used to escape evil?
What people want is nothing more than life. Why not use people who can live? What makes people worse than the dead, so why not treat patients who can be cured? Born, born without need; If you do, you can make trouble, but if you don't. So you want more than the living, and you hate more than the dead.
But with disdain to drink and eat, hungry pedestrians are unwilling to accept it; Kick others' food with their feet, and beggars will not accept it. A meal, a bowl of bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you get it, you will die; Call it, and the people in the street will be blessed; Begging for help is too much.
10,000 minutes, and then it's over. What does ten thousand minutes do to me? For the beauty of the palace, wives and concubines, poor people? Hometown is free from physical death, and today is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, but now I want to do it for the poor and needy: yes or no? This is called the loss of humanity. "Born in happiness, died in sorrow" was born in a plot, Fu Shuo was raised in a plot, glue was raised in fish and salt, Guan Yi was raised in a scholar, Sun Shuai was raised in the sea, and Baili was raised in the city.
Therefore, when the sky falls, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot. People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor.
A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. In this way, you will know that sorrow is enough to make people live and pleasure is enough to make people die.
In the spring of arguing in Cao Gui for ten years, Qi Shi attacked me. Duke Zhuang is going to fight.
The king asked to see Lord Zhuang. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said."
Then they went to the court to see the duke. "What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dared to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me. "
Cao Gui replied: "This little kindness cannot be extended to the people, and the people will not obey you." Duke Zhuang said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks, etc. for sacrifice. I must tell God the truth."
Cao Gui said: "Mix's credit cannot be trusted by the gods, and the gods will not bless you." . "ZhuangGong said," even if you can't see all the lawsuits in Mix, I must also be based on facts. "
Yes: "Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war.
Please pay attention to this war. "Public by it.
Fight for a long spoon. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums.
"Not now," said Cao Gui. "Wait until after Qi Jun drummed three times.
Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums." . "Qi Jun was completely defeated.
Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "
Then he got out of the chariot, looked at the tracks of Qi Jun's wheels, climbed into the chariot, supported the front railing of the chariot and looked at Qi Jun's formation, saying, "We can pursue." . "So the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.
After winning, the king asked him why he won. He said: "It takes courage to fight.
High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am exhausted and profitable, so I will beat it, and my husband will be a big country, which is unpredictable and terrible.
I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi as a" capable minister "."Zou Ji is more than eight feet long and handsome.
Get up in the morning, dress up, look in the mirror and say to his wife, "I am better than Xu Gong in the north of the city. Who is more beautiful? " ? "His wife said," you are very beautiful. How can Gong be as good as Gong Ye! "Xugong in the north of the city is the most beautiful man in Qi. Zou Ji didn't believe in himself, so he asked his concubine, "Who is more beautiful than Xugong? " ? " My concubine said, "Where can I compare with you?" ? The next day, a guest came from outside, sat next to him and asked him, "Who is more beautiful than ordinary people?" " ? " The guest said, "Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you!" Tomorrow, Xu Hui will come.
Who saw it and thought it was inferior; Look at yourself in the mirror, as far as the horizon. Thinking at dusk: "My wife is beautiful and I am private; The beauty of my concubine is afraid of me; The beauty of the guest is me, I want my things. "
So he went to the court to see Wang Wei and said, "I really know that Xu Hongmei is inferior. My wife is a private minister, my concubine is afraid of me, and everything my guests want from me is more beautiful than Xu Hongmei. Today, thousands of miles away, there are 120 cities, ladies in the left and right, all private kings; Courtiers are not afraid of kings; Within four borders, there is nothing but the king.
From this perspective, the cover of the king is very embarrassing! "the king said," good. " He ordered: "those officials who can stab me in the face should be rewarded;" There will be a reward for those who write and exhort me; Those who can slander the city and hear my ears will be rewarded. "
At the beginning of the stage, the ministers remonstrated and the door was crowded. After a few months, from time to time.
Years later, although I wanted to talk, I couldn't get in. Yan, Zhao, Han and Wei are all Qi people.
This is the imperial court, and there is no need to use war to defeat the enemy. < model > before the emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed. Today, three points, Yizhou tired, this is the key autumn.
But the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering up the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report to your majesty. Sincerely, it is advisable to open a holy court, with the honor of the late emperor and the spirit of the people. It is not advisable to sell yourself short and quote nonsense. The road of loyalty and remonstrance is also in the palace, which is integrated and should not be punished for concealment.
If there are criminals who are honest and kind, they should be rewarded by this department to show your majesty's understanding, and you should not favor one over the other, making the internal and external laws different. Guo Youzhi, Fay, Dong Yun, etc. , assistant ministers, are honest, loyal and pure, are based on the advice of the first emperor.
Fools think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed, and then implemented, which will make up for the vacancy and make a lot of profits. General Xiang Chong, good character, good military. He tried it in the past, and the first emperor called it energy, which was supervised by the public.
Fools think that knowing the situation of the camp and consulting them will definitely make the front line harmonious, and the advantages and disadvantages will be found. Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since.
When the late Emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am the minister of Zhenliang's death sacrifice. I hope your majesty personally believes that the Han Dynasty will be prosperous.
I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for what had happened in this world, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away.
After the boat capsized, I was appointed as the defeated army and was ordered to face danger. I have been here for twenty years. The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse.
Since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that my entrustment will not work, so as to hurt my knowledge. Therefore, Luzhou in May was deserted. Now that the south is settled, there is enough armor. Authorized by the three armies, the north settled in the central plains, the arrogance was completely destroyed, the traitors were completely eliminated, and the Han Dynasty was revived, still in the old capital.
The minister was therefore loyal to His Majesty and the first emperor. As for the consideration of profit and loss, keeping promises requires responsibility, cotton and commitment.
May your majesty entrust me with the effect of bringing back the dead.
5. About some authors of ancient poems, the controversy about Peach Blossom Garden, the inscriptions of Humble Administrator's Garden, Born in Worry and Died in Guangxi Debate (Spring and Autumn Zuo Qiuming), Peach Blossom Garden (Yuanming in Eastern Jin Dynasty), Humble Administrator's Garden Inscription, Born in Worry and Died in Happiness (Mencius in Warring States Period), Xiaoshitang (Zongyuan in Liu Tang) and Yueyang Tower (Northern Song Dynasty)? Qin Feng) Watching the Sea (Cao Cao in the Eastern Han Dynasty) Drinking (Building a House in a Human Environment) (Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) Farewell to the Deputy Governor's appointment in Shu (Tang) and sent a message to the Shanzhai (Tang). Wang Changling has moved to Longbiao Kiln (Tang Li Bai) and it is difficult to travel (Tang Li Bai) (Tang Du Fu). Mizhou Hunting (Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi) visited Shanxi Village (Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You) and climbed Feilaifeng (Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi). Fisherman Ao (this is also a few) gave Zhuang warrior Chen Tongfu a gift (Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji) and crossed the Tianjingsha (Ma Yuan Zhiyuan) Mountain in the Southern Song Dynasty and Wen Tianxiang.
6. Born of worry, died of happiness and Cao Gui's controversy. Understanding of the multiple-choice question "Born in sorrow and died in happiness"
Born in sorrow and died in happiness is a classic article in Mencius. Its original name is Shunfa Fishes. Say it is a classic, lies in:
(1) In the first paragraph of the article, six famous people are listed: Shun,,, Guan Yiwu, Sun Shuai and Bai Xixi. They are either legendary sages or famous sages and gifted scholars in history. They are listed in the first paragraph of the article because they either went through hardships and engaged in humble work or were unknown to the world before becoming celebrities.
(2) The second paragraph of the article is a famous sentence that inspires the deaf: "Therefore, the sky will drop to a great post, so an old friend (referred to as" Si Ren "in the article) must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, starve his body, empty his body and do whatever he wants. Therefore, the endurance of the heart is beneficial to it. " The author had taught me twice before this teaching. As long as I mention it, I can recite it one by one. This passage is famous because it has extraordinary inspirational function. I think it's hard for people who have taught this text twice not to recite it, if the middle school is still cool and thorough? Yi Hui Road Book K? Take the lead? Salary? In a hurry? Delete the ostrich circle? What's wrong with playing Urgent ash? What are you doing? A ring? Pure? What is the punishment? [14] Why do you complain about the death of the source? Play? Hey? What season? Hey? Play? How often do you chew hospital words? What is pain? What's the matter with you? Catch the source? Shuo? Take a bath?
(3) The third paragraph is also a famous sentence: "People always have to pass before they can change. Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. " It is famous because it tells the center of the whole article, "Born in sorrow, died in happiness". In other words, if a person assumes that he has been living a happy life, he will die if he does not make progress and has no sense of hardship.
(4) In terms of writing, the rhetorical devices of parallelism are used in the first and second paragraphs, which makes the article compelling and irrefutable. The former summarizes the cases of six famous people with the words "Yu" and "Ju", and demonstrates the viewpoint of "born in sorrow". The word "qi" in the second paragraph shows the good intention of "God" in order to hone and forge a generation of sages or sages who can take on great responsibilities. In the third paragraph, we discussed the role of individuals in suffering. If a country is in a peaceful situation, under this false appearance of peace, the people of the whole country will relax their vigilance. Once the country encounters internal troubles and foreign invasion, it will instantly fall apart and become extinct. This kind of writing from small to large is also a classic, which makes people want to stop, never forget, and gives people profound enlightenment.