For a long time after the three factions were divided into Jin, Wei focused on cultivating internal forces. After a period of outward expansion, Zhao and Han returned to the road of internal repair because of unstable internal affairs. At this time, Wei has basically completed internal adjustment and started looking for export-oriented exports.
Wei's surrounding environment is very complicated. If he is not careful, he may be besieged and face the danger of national subjugation. Zhao wants to jointly destroy Han, and Zhao and Wei share Han equally. Han Wuzi wants to jointly destroy Zhao, and Han and Wei share Zhao equally. Zhao Hehan's proposal was explicitly rejected.
Advise Zhao to give up the idea of splitting North Korea and Wei, so as to divide them one by one. He said that Wei Han was weak and weak, so he had to unite against Zhao so as not to be wiped out by Zhao. Both Han and Wei know that attacking each other with Zhao is suicidal, and the idea of crossing the other side with Zhao is even more dangerous. This situation makes it necessary for Han and Wei to unite. In order to completely solve Zhao's threat, Wei Wenhou suggested that Han Wuzi should not attack Zhao jointly with Wei because of Zhao's threat. The idea that Korea and Wei joined forces to attack Zhao is unrealistic. Zhao's strength is too strong, and the combination of Han and Wei is only a draw with Zhao. Both sides fought hard and both sides lost. Even if Zhao is defeated, Han and Wei will inevitably continue to kill each other.
I explained my views on the development of the three schools to Zhao and Han. The Jin area is surrounded by mountains and waters, which is relatively closed. Among them, Zhao, Wei and Han only have two tentacles, Dai and Handan. However, due to the threat of Han and Wei behind him, Zhao could not continue to expand outward through these two tentacles. Zhao, Wei and Han are close neighbors and must live in peace. If they fight with each other, they will be dragged into the closed environment of the state of Jin, and no one will develop. The only way out is for Zhao, Wei and Han to unite and expand outward.
Both Zhao and Han Wuzi agree with the joint development strategy, but they have not reached a consensus on how to unite, which direction to develop and how to share benefits. However, through this meeting, a rare peace situation emerged among the three families. Zhao, Wei and Han temporarily gave up infighting and embarked on their own development paths.
The expansion of Qin dynasty
Because Zhao is in the north, Han is in the east, and the development direction of Han is south of Zheng of Wei and Han, the development direction is placed in the west of Qin.
In the twenty-seventh year of Wei Wenhou (4 19 BC), Wei Xi crossed the Yellow River and built a city in Shaoliang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) to build a military stronghold against Qin. Qin Jun fought back against Wei's invasion. After several battles, Wei Jun, who crossed the river, occupied Shaoliang, an important military stronghold. While besieging Wei Jun with few beams, Qin Jun built fortifications along the Yellow River to prevent more Wei Jun from crossing the river.
Wei Xiang recommended the defender Wuqi, appreciated Wuqi's command ability, and appointed Wuqi as the commander-in-chief of Wei Jun's attack on Qin.
After Wuqi came to power, Wei Qin's deadlock in Xihe was quickly broken, and Wei Jun won one after another.
In the thirty-third year of Wei Wenhou (4 13 BC), Li Kui led Wei Jun to defeat Qin Jun on the battlefield of Xihe, and broke through the defense line of Xihe in Qin Jun. Subsequently, Wuqi went straight to Qin and entered the throat of Weihe Plain (hua county, Shaanxi). Qin shocked the whole country. If Wuqi breaks through Zheng and enters the Weihe Plain, it is equivalent to controlling the grain bag of Qin State, which is the grain base of Qin State. There is no danger in defending the Weihe plain, and Wuqi can push all the way to the west. If you go into no man's land and come to Dou Yong (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi), Qin will face the danger of national destruction. The purpose of Wuqi's attack on Qin was to destroy Qin, which made Qin people very afraid.
On the one hand, Qin mobilized heavy troops to defend Zheng, on the other hand, he sent messengers to invite Qi and Chu to send troops to attack Wei, so as to relieve the pressure on Qin. Qi Huangong, Gong Xuan and Chu Jianwang saw that Wei's main force was concentrated on the western front to attack Qin, so they attacked several enclaves of Wei and won many battles. When Qin saw the victory of Qi and Chu, he ordered the Xihe defense line to cut off Wuqi's retreat and attack Wuqi with Zheng.
Wei Wenhou ignored Qi and Chu's attack on the eastern enclave of Wei, but urged Wuqi to continue attacking Qin.
Wuqi fought a decisive battle in Zheng, and Wei Jun won. Wang Wei attacked while the main defenders of Xihe River besieged Wuqi's defensive emptiness, and commanded Wei Jun to cross the river on the east bank of the Yellow River. The Prince attacked and led the army to capture Fan Pang (now southeast of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province), a military town in the Xihe defense line of Qin State, which was completely breached by Wei Jun, and a large number of Wei Jun entered Qin State.
Under the command of Wuqi, Wei Jun cleared the military strongholds of Qin in Xihe area (the triangle between Luohe, Huanghe and Weihe in Shaanxi Province), and successively occupied Linjin (now southeast of Dali in Shaanxi Province), Wangcheng (now Dali in Shaanxi Province), Yuanli (now south of the city in Shaanxi Province), Heyang (now southeast of Heyang in Shaanxi Province) and Yinjin (now southwest of Dali in Shaanxi Province). Because of the political corruption of Qin, the people of Xihe were disappointed in Qin Jun, but they welcomed Wei Jun, who had strict military discipline. Wuqi brought Wei's policy of benefiting the people and facilitating the people to Xihe, and was immediately supported by the people of Xihe. Wei Jun established himself in Xihe. The Qin people in Xihe were happy to play for Wei Jun, and Wuqi's troops and materials in Xihe were supplemented on the spot. Wuqi sent a large number of Xihe people into Qin to spread the words of Qin Jun's defeat and Wei Jun's benevolence and righteousness, which made the already tense domestic situation in Qin more unstable. Qin ordered the domestic first-level alert to strictly investigate people of unknown origin, and all the officials were armed to the teeth and ready to fight.
In thirty-eight years, Wei completely occupied the Xihe area, and its territory was greatly expanded. Wuqi also seized a large area of land of the northern Rongdi minority, where Wei Wenhou established the Shang Jun (east of Luohe, north of Huanglianghe and south of Zichang, Shaanxi). Wei also occupied Shaanxi (now the west of Sanmenxia, Henan Province) and controlled the golden passage between the west and the Central Plains. Qin was oppressed in the west of Luoshui, and fortifications were built in the west bank of Luoshui. Wei Wenhou built the Great Wall on the east bank of Luoshui, with its southern end connected with Yinjin across Weishui and its northern end west of Tiaoyincheng (now south of Ganquan, Shaanxi). Wei suppressed Qin for 80 years in the west of Luoshui, which made Qin unable to communicate with the Central Plains. Wei is only good at the benefits of going east, using the geographical monopoly position to control the exchanges between Qin and the Central Plains, and profiteering from it. Qin has been greatly weakened, while Wei has become richer and richer.
Convenience policy
On the one hand, Wei Wenhou completed the military occupation of Xihe area; on the other hand, he brought Wei's convenience policy to Xihe, which won the support of the people of Xihe, and Wei established a solid rule in Xihe. After Wei acquired this large piece of land of Xihe River, it not only solved the threat of Qin to Wei, but also eased the difficulty of a large population and a small land in China and increased the grain output of Wei. Xihe River provided Wei with room for strategic maneuver, and also provided Wei with troops and food.
Wei's new policy in Xihe attracted Qin people, and in order to appease Qin people, he was forced to rent grain for the first time.
cultural infiltration
In addition to military attack and policy attack, the Qin strategy was also culturally infiltrated, and the famous Xihe School was born under this background.
Wei Wenhou knew that Qin people could not easily succumb to force, but he yearned for the culture of the Central Plains. So Wei Wenhou reused Xia Zi, a famous scholar at that time, worshipped Xia Zi as a teacher and gave lectures in Xihe.
Xia Zi, a student of Confucius, was named Shang Bo, 44 years younger than Confucius, and was born in 507 BC. When Wei Wenhou invited Xia Zi to Xihe, Xia Zi was already a centenarian, so he seldom taught in person. Moreover, in summer, I cried blind because of the pain of losing my son in old age. The true disciples in Xihe are Qi Rengong Yang Gao, Lu Liangchi, Duan Ganmu and Zi Gong's disciple Tian Zifang.
Although Xia Zi pays great attention to keeping in good health and has always been in good health, after all, she is old and blind, so she hesitated to invite Wei Wenhou at first. Wei Wenhou knew that Xia Zi was the soul master of scholars all over the world, and he was determined to invite Xia Zi to sit in Xihe. Therefore, Wei Wenhou personally worshipped Xia Zi as a teacher, showing great respect for Xia Zi. Being a teacher for the monarch is the highest honor of Confucianism, the so-called teacher for the emperor. Xia Zi was the first great scholar to enjoy this honor, and even Confucius had never enjoyed such a high honor before his death. Moved by Wei Wenhou's sincerity, Xia Zi decided to go to Xihe personally.
Since he became a teacher and personally sat in Xihe, the focus of China culture has shifted to Wei and Xihe, forming the famous Xihe School.
The symbolic significance of Xihe River in midsummer is extremely significant, which not only played a very significant role in Zhao Huaihua, Qin Chu, but also made Wei a cultural suzerain among the Central Plains countries.
Confucianism was originally a teacher of etiquette, music, shooting, imperial examinations, calligraphy and mathematics. Six arts are the basic skills that nobles and scholars must master in governing the country. Confucianism has different schools because of its own emphasis, which is equivalent to different disciplines. Zeng Shen's Confucianism in Lu is a school represented by attaching importance to etiquette, especially filial piety, and cultivated Confucianism in charge of etiquette. These people do not specialize in the world and have a low position in the bureaucratic systems of various countries. Xia Zi's Confucianism cultivated practical and useful Confucianism and flooded into the bureaucratic systems of various countries, which was the most influential school of Confucianism at that time. After arriving in Xihe in the summer, scholars who sought to enter the country turned to Xihe to study. At this time, at the request of Wei Wenhou, Xihe School no longer takes high and low as the standard for enrolling students. Xia Zi doesn't teach in person, and she has already enjoyed the highest honor in Wei Wenhou, so she doesn't care. After studying in Xihe, these scholars naturally took Wei as their first choice. Xihe School thus attracted and trained a large number of officials for Wei. Scholars all over the world yearned for Xihe River, and Wei virtually became their ideal country.
The content of the professor of Xihe School is very rich. Gong Yanggao and Gu Liangchi are not the students who can best represent Xia Zi's thought, but Wei Wenhou improved their status, because their history subject was the Spring and Autumn Period, aiming at serving the monarch. The high dictation of Gongyang Chunqiu became the blueprint of later Chunqiu Gongyang Biography, and Chunqiu dictation became the blueprint of later Chunqiu Biography. Professor Tian Zifang, a student in Zigong, not only learned the six arts of Confucianism itself, but also the development of Confucianism, vertical and horizontal skills and business skills in Zigong. After becoming an official, scholars must have the ability to engage in diplomacy, and getting rich through business is the knowledge that an official must master to enrich the country and the people. The development of traditional six arts by Zi Gong and Tian Zifang accords with the development of the times and the requirements of various countries for officials. Duan Ganmu is a valued student of Xia Zi, and his professors can also see the essence of cultivating senior officials in Xia Zi. Wei Wenhou worried that the senior officials trained by Duan Ganmu were not used by Wei, but turned against Wei, so Duan Ganmu mainly taught Wei's nobles and instructed his children.
Wei did not attach importance to Confucianism at first, and its culture, like South Korea, was greatly influenced by the culture of Weiguo Guigu at first.
When he was in Wei Wenhou, he paid attention to ability rather than background, and promoted many civilians and talents with military background. The aristocrats of Wei are rarely reused. The two most important figures in Wei Wenhou, Wuqi and Li Kui, are both civilians of Wei. And Ximen Bao are all civilians of Wei. Huang Zhai was born in Rongdi. Only Cheng Wei is Wei Wenhou's younger brother, born in a noble family. After that, due to the integration of Guigu School and Xihe School, the minister structure of Wei changed greatly. Under the leadership of Duan Ganmu and the professors who got his true disciples, a large number of talents such as Uncle Cuo and Zi Ang emerged in Wei's public office and became a large group of senior officials of Wei. Tian Zifang's post-school gradually merged into Duan Ganmu. Another group of Wei ministers were born in the common people under the influence of Ghost Valley culture, most of whom were Xihe people, represented by Gongsun Yan and Pang Juan. After Wei Wenhou, the two factions launched a fierce struggle in Wei politics. Later, the aristocratic group, which was greatly influenced by Xihe School, gained the upper hand, and Wei gradually declined. However, Ramgao and Gu Liangchi, two high-ranking officials with outstanding achievements, rarely showed up.
The struggle between Xihe School and Guigu School began when Wei Wenhou was alive. Although Guigu School does not accept disciples' lectures in a big way like Xihe School, it is constantly expressing different academic opinions. One of the most prominent events is the debate between Wuqi and Gongyanggao and Guliangchi about the Spring and Autumn Period. History was the most important subject in the education of aristocratic scholars at that time, and Spring and Autumn was a compulsory course. However, because Chunqiu only recorded the results, but not the process and background, how to explain the authenticity of the historical events recorded in Chunqiu has become a controversial issue. For the purpose of controlling the scholars, Wei Wenhou did not elevate the academic status of Ramgao and Gu Liangchi, which made Ramgao and Gu Liangchi's loyalty to the monarch deeply rooted in the hearts of scholars. Wu Qi, however, was extremely hostile to corrupt scholars because of his early experience of being demoted to the Senate. Wu Qi wrote a biography of Zuo Chunqiu based on his own understanding of Chunqiu, which contradicted the biography of Gongyanghe. Wu Qi's views on the Spring and Autumn Period are more in line with reality and the reality of political and military struggle. But he didn't want to let more people know the actual situation of political and military struggle at that time, and rarely publicized Zuo Chunqiu Biography. With the support of Wei Wenhou, Ram and Gu Liang gained the upper hand. Wuqi is very depressed about this.
Xia Zi died in Xihe only a few years ago, but its symbolic significance in Xihe has existed for a long time. Wei replaced Lu as the cultural center of Central Plains countries. The political effect of respecting the son as a teacher in summer is remarkable.
Wei was able to dominate for a hundred years, on the one hand, because of its strong military strength, and on the other hand, because it turned Wei into the cultural center of the Central Plains countries.
Occupy Zhongshan
With the continuous strength of Wei and the gradual decline of Zhao, the power contrast between Zhao and Wei has changed, and Wei's strength has surpassed Zhao and South Korea. In the late period of Zhao Hou Xian, Zhao's national strength began to decline, and Zhongshan threatened Zhao more and more. After Zhao's death, Zhao Liehou ascended the throne, and Zhongshan's offensive against Zhao was even more fierce. Zhao asked Wei for help and agreed to help Zhao destroy Zhongshan. However, Zhao Liehou agreed to help Zhao wisely in exchange for Wei's attack on Zhongshan. Located in the north of Wei, Zhidi is a big stone placed on Wei's head. Wei Wenhou finally solved this long-standing heart disease.
South Korea's attack on Zheng was not smooth. With the help of Chu and Song, Zheng defeated South Korea many times. Han also began to seek Wei's help.
In the thirty-eighth year of Wei Wenhou (408 BC), Wei solved the war of Xihe and began to attack Zhongshan. At the request of Korea, Wei helped South Korea to crack down on Song, making South Korea develop into Zheng. Wei's influence extended to the south of the Yellow River.
Zhongshan is not adjacent to Wei, but separated from Zhao. Under the leadership of the famous Yang Le, Wei Jun crossed the State of Zhao and attacked Zhongshan. Sun Yat-sen is a country founded by descendants of Bai Di. Prior to this, Zhongshan was very nervous because Zhao Xiangzi seized Dai Jun, and Dai Jun and Handan formed a north-south attack on Zhongshan. After Zhao Xiangzi's death, Zhao failed to keep the pressure on Zhongshan, and Zhongshan successfully fought back. When Zhao Liehou took over Zhao, it was the time when Zhongshan defeated Zhao.
Under his excellent command, Wei Jun, a well-trained soldier, fought hard for three years and fought for 40 years (406 BC), and finally conquered Zhongshan State, relieving Zhongshan's threat to Zhao. Zhongshan is an ancient country. Although Wei Jun occupied Zhongshan, Zhongshan people refused to accept it, and rebellion occurred from time to time. The situation in Zhongshan is still very turbulent. Wei Wenhou told his superior prince to strike Zhongshan State. Wei Wenhou gave the spiritual life of Zhongshan State (now Pingshan, Hebei Province) to Yang Le, the hero who attacked Zhongshan, and sent Yang Le to lead the troops to attack Zhongshan. Wei Wenhou appointed Li Kui as the Prime Minister of Zhongshan and assisted the Prince in attacking Zhongshan. With the efforts of Prince Ji, Li Kui and Yang Le, the situation in Zhongshan gradually stabilized.
After the occupation of Zhongshan, Wei threatened Zhao more than Zhongshan.
When sending troops to help Zhao attack Zhongshan, he ordered Wei Jun to occupy many places belonging to Zhao along the way. While helping South Korea attack Song, it ordered Wei Jun to occupy Wei Jun and March into Hanoi.
Alliance war
In forty-one years (405 BC), Qi lost his son, and civil strife broke out in Tianjia, who was in charge of the Qi regime. Tian Hui occupied (now northeast of Juancheng, Shandong Province) and asked Zhao to take him in. Zhao Liehou agreed. Not connected with Zhao, but separated. Before Tian Hui voted for Zhao, Qi's power had penetrated into Wei, and based on Lin Qiu, it had controlled a large area of land between Zhao and Lin Qiu. Tian Hui voted for Zhao, not because of this city, but because there is a large area of patriotic land controlled by Qi State nearby. This land is close to Puyang and Taodou and has great commercial value. Therefore, Zhao took Tian Hui in and occupied Xunqiu, which aroused strong dissatisfaction from Tian He, the heir of Tian's son. Tian He ordered Tian Bu to lead an army to attack Zhao, which was unfavorable. Zhao Liehou asked Han to send troops to help. The allied forces of Zhao, Wei and South Korea fought with the Qi army, which killed 30,000 people and obtained a large number of strategic materials. In the forty-second year of Wei Wenhou, the combined forces of Zhao, Wei and Han attacked Qi on a large scale, reaching the Great Wall of Qi, and Tian He was forced to cede territory for peace. Zhao, Wei and Han gained a lot of land in the war with Qi. In order to connect the newly acquired land of Qi with the previously occupied Hanoi area, it occupied several cities near Chao Ge.
Zhou royal support
In the forty-third year of Wei Wenhou (403 BC), King Wei Lie of Zhou recognized the princes of Zhao, Wei and Bill Han, and completed the legal procedure of establishing Sanjin.
Wang Weilie's recognition of the Three Kingdoms as vassals is tantamount to supporting the serious rebellion of Zhao Wei and Han to divide Jin, which has seriously damaged the prestige of the Zhou royal family. Jin has long been an important country to help the Zhou royal family. The rebellion of Zhao, Wei and Han against the Jin royal family should have been severely condemned by the Zhou Emperor, but King Weilie of Zhou admitted the legitimacy of the rebellion of Zhao, Wei and Han, which made the country in the Zhou system very chilling, and the supporters of the Zhou royal family were less and their appeal was greatly reduced.
Attack Chu state
Because Zhao, Wei and Han developed to the south bank of the Yellow River, attacked Zheng and Song, and had conflicts of interest with Chu, which they had always wanted to control, there were many fierce battles between Sanjin and Chu, and Chu was defeated by Sanjin one after another, and the land of the Central Plains fell, while Wei stood firm in the Central Plains.
Discuss with Mr. Zhao
After the land occupied by Wei was connected with the region, Wei owned a large area of land between Zhangshui and the Yellow River, which was a great threat to Zhongmou, the capital of Zhao, which broke into Wei. Zhao Liehou is very dissatisfied with oppressing Zhao. However, due to Wei's great influence and eloquence at this time, Zhao Liehou dared not break with Wei under the banner of jointly developing Sanjin. In fact, our Sanjin alliance is centered on Wei, and through joint development, it will win over South Korea and weaken Zhao. Although Zhao Can has gained some benefits, it has paid a huge price. Wei Wenhou's usurpation is no different from Zhao Xiangzi's.
In the name of expelling Qi's influence in Wei, Wei Wenhou included the south bank of Zhangshui, which Qi and Zhao competed for, into Wei's sphere of influence, and Zhao's painstaking efforts for many years were in vain.
Wei Wenhou set up Ye County (now Ye Town, southeast of Ci County, Hebei Province) in the most prominent place south of Zhangshui. The establishment of Yexian County dealt a head-on blow to Zhao's strategic concept of marching into the Central Plains. Zhongmou, the capital of Zhao, is in front of it, and Tangyin is in the east, both of which are important military strongholds of Wei. To the west of Zhongmou is Taihang Mountain, so there is no room for development. The power is behind Zhongmou, which makes Zhongmou, who has already invaded the territory, more prominent, more isolated and very dangerous, and is not suitable for being a national capital at all. Ye Ding, in the south of Handan, is the strategic base of Zhao's southward movement to the Central Plains, which blocked the southward movement of Handan head-on.