How did Zhuge Liang spend his childhood and youth? Where did you spend it? Thinking about this problem is a wonderful psychological experience for me. Westerners are keen to speculate on the early life of Jesus Christ, because people know nothing about Jesus' experience for more than 20 years after he was born in a manger in Bethlehem, and he didn't reappear until he was in his twenties. There is a giant's all growth codes in it! Some people speculate that Christ has been to India, and some even say that on the snowy plateau in China, there was a scene where he learned oriental mysticism from Tibetan Buddhist lamas ... Similarly, what kind of experience did Zhuge Liang have before he left Longzhong, or had to take refuge? Who do you worship as a teacher? Where to study? What are the main schools of Confucian classics? What have you done to integrate and innovate? These are all curious.
We can be sure that he lost his father in his early years, and later lived with his uncle Zhuge Xuan and his younger brother Zhuge Jun. Zhuge Xuan was once the prefect of Yuan Shu, and Zhuge Liang in his youth must be able to understand the intrigue in officialdom and the dangers on the battlefield. Regarding Zhuge Liang's weak crown, Zhuge Xuan is dead, and he may die at the hands of his political opponents. It seems that my brother Zhu Gejin left his two younger brothers earlier and went to Wu Dong alone (according to Zhu Gejin's words, "It is worthwhile to avoid chaos in Jiangdong at the end of the Han Dynasty and die in Sun Ce". Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong at least before Sun Ce died, that is, 200 years ago, when Kong Ming was eighteen or nineteen). Later, Zhuge Liang went to a place called Longzhong in Dengxian County, Nanyang, which was only twenty miles away from Xiangyang, the political and military center of Jingzhou at that time. There is no doubt that he is a self-reliant worker, not sleeping in broad daylight as described by Luo Guanzhong. "Lying high in the middle" should refer to Zhuge Liang's posture of getting ready to go, instead of keeping Liu Bei waiting outside for more than two hours all day. This is not only because Zhuge Liang often mentioned that he was "devoted to farming", but also in line with his consistent style of "hands-on". Zhuge Liang made some friends, but he is undoubtedly Lin Zhongmei. All his friends think so, and there is no need for him to be modest. "If you become an official in the future, you will probably be able to secretariat and shepherd the county." "What about you?" When asked by a friend, Zhuge Liang mysteriously "laughed without saying a word". Zhuge Liang's reading style is easily reminiscent of what Tao Yuanming later said: "Good reading, not seeking for a good solution". When all his friends are "service professionals", Zhuge Liang just "sees the big picture". I think this "probably" can be taught as "to the point": Kong Ming's duty is to apply what he has learned, and his ambition is to help the world. He is naturally different from a pedant who only tries to carve in books. All he knew was to quote the classics and die under every sentence.
At this time, Zhuge Liang has two hobbies worth noting:
First, he likes to "hug his knees and scream". According to Feng Wen Jian Ji's explanation: "Whistle when the tip of the tongue is excited", then "whistling" is nothing more than "whistling" that everyone is used to. Actually, it's not. It is a modeling action full of Taoist health preserving color, which has something to do with today's so-called Qigong. People who were good at whistling in ancient times mostly referred to hermits. They are good at guiding and paying attention to internal skills. Their "whistle" sound originated in Dantian and spread around. Its unusual sound effect is excellent and unusual. The excitement on the tip of the tongue can be compared. Mr. Jin Yong, a master of martial arts novels, once described the howling of Huang, the owner of Peach Blossom Island, as an "eastern evil" in his novel Legend of the Condor Heroes.
Second, the message conveyed by the words "good for Fu Liang" is also clear and vague. There is a poem in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms entitled "The north wind is cold all night". Anyone who is a little familiar with the style of poetry at that time can immediately see that this poem is false, and it can never be written by Zhuge Liang. In Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry Collection and Shen Deqian's Ancient Poetry Source, there is a poem "Song of Fu Liang (Fu)", which is recorded as follows:
Go out of the east gate and look at the shadows. There are three graves in the forest, and the number is almost the same. Ask whose grave this is, Tian Qiang Guyez.
Power can sweep the south mountain, and literature can be a Jedi discipline. Once slandered, two peaches kill three scholars. Who can do this, the country will be harmonious.
According to Fu Liang (Fu), it is a place name and a hill at the foot of Mount Tai. After the death of the ancients, many people were buried in the mountains, so it gave Yin a sad crown style. This feature is not difficult to see even from the only remaining Song of Fu Liang under Zhuge Liang's name. But is Song of Fu Liang the name of a poem or a Yuefu poem? Whether Zhuge Liang wrote it or just liked it, it is difficult to draw a definite conclusion from the words "good to Yin". It was once thought that the difficulty lies in the word "Wei", because the word "Wei" can be interpreted as "writing" and "reciting". That's true, but why not combine "good" at the same time? This "good" of course refers to love and enthusiasm, and it is the kind of constant love and enthusiasm. If Song of Fu Liang is only the name of a poem, and this poem was written by Zhuge Liang, then the word "good" cannot be solved. Isn't it possible that Zhuge Liang always writes the same poem happily? Therefore, the conclusion can only be one of two things: either "Song of Fu Liang" is the name of Yuefu poetry, and Zhuge Liang wrote a group of poems for it (just like Tao Yuanming wrote a group of drinking, and Nalan Xingde wrote a lot of Huanxisha); Either "Fu Liangsong" was not written by Zhuge Liang, but Zhuge Liang just likes to recite it.
No matter which of the two conclusions, it does not prevent us from reaching the understanding that in the process of writing or reciting Song of Fu Liang, Zhuge Liang, who is in Longzhong, is deeply compassionate, pays endless attention to current events and the world, and his reclusive posture implies the idea of being born. Zhuge Liang is right in Longzhong, and his costume would rather be heavy than tall. We have no reason to imagine Zhuge Liang at that time as a hermit who only knew how to live alone.
What's more, although Zhuge Liang didn't answer his friend's question about you before, we can still see Zhuge Liang's personality ambition from his frequent comparisons with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. He has the grand pursuit of sweeping the world and conquering the world, but he has no interest in the throne.
Familiar with these backgrounds, we can easily enter 2007.
Liu Bei stumbled in the Central Plains. As Cao Cao has just pacified the north, Jingzhou, Liu Bei's hometown, has also been greatly threatened. Someone inadvertently mentioned a strange and loud name in front of Liu Bei: Wolong. "Please take him to meet him," Liu Bei said to Xu Shu. "No, this person can't take. You have to invite him yourself. Whether we can please move him depends on fate! " Liu Bei, who was in a hurry to go to the hospital, went outside Xiangyang, in Wollongong. It's not that Zhuge Liang insists on putting on airs as a hermit, but that their great friendship needs an unusual start, so Liu Bei didn't see Kong Ming's real body until his third visit.
Good things always come in pairs. We just witnessed the meeting between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, which is a unique story, and then we heard the most amazing prediction in China's 5,000-year history. In order to facilitate the following appreciation of Longzhong Dui, it is necessary for us to quote:
"Since Dong Zhuo came, countless heroes have crossed the counties. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is less famous and has fewer people. However, Cao overcame salt and took the weak as the strong, which was not only the right time, but also the right place. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the four seas, commanding heroes, thinking wise men and thirsty people. If we cross Jing and Yi, we will protect its dangers. If we cross Zhu Rong in the west and Fu Yiyue in the south, we will make friends with Sun Quan outside. When the world changes, we will order a general to turn Jingzhou's army to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. How dare the people not? " If that's the case, we can think of everything, and the Han Dynasty can flourish. "We assume that Zhuge Liang's remarks were blurted out after listening to Liu Bei's humble inquiry. People often evaluate Zhuge Liang's outstanding talent as "three points in the world, only then can we know how to thrive." I think if we change the word "knowledge" to "determination", we can better reflect the value of Longzhong. The wisdom in Long Zhong Dui is not only out of reach, but also very unique. Yuan Shao and Cao Cao's statement that "the emperor is the emperor" is fundamentally different from the suggestion of Bowing and Yu Xun. " Holding the emperor to make the princes have a certain meaning of "the first to enter Xianyang is king", and the strategy of three points in the world is only suitable for Liu Bei, although Liu Bei can't see this at all. Obviously, for Cao Cao, the world has been completely razed, leaving only one Jiangdong; For Sun Quan, "Cao Cao" just avoided Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and Gu Er. Today, several heroes have become extinct, leaving only orphans. Therefore, although he claimed that "orphans and old thieves are at odds", he only relied on the geographical position, people and advantages of "attaching importance to the country and the people" to compete with Cao Cao in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In other words, in Cao Cao's eyes, there is only one China in China; In Sun Quan's eyes, China can be divided into two; It is only because Zhuge Liang appeared in "Long Zhong Dui" that China suddenly appeared the possibility of three-thirds of the world. Zhuge Liang simply surpassed the wisdom of Beihai with his own strength and grabbed a piece of heaven and earth for Liu Bei from the dispute between Wei and Wu. In this way, as Zhuge Liang walked out of Wollongong, the embryonic form of a country also sprouted.
Although we should fairly return Battle of Red Cliffs's honor to Zhou Yu, in Zhuge Liang's Long Zhong Dui, Cao Cao's failure was actually calculated in advance. Zhuge Liang's vision is much longer. His limpid eyes seemed to draw two arcs between heaven and earth, and theoretically it was easy to hand over a "land of martial arts" Jingzhou and a "land of abundance" Yizhou to Liu Bei. As for the actual effect, it is as simple as one premise: "Is the general interested?" Zhuge Liang didn't think too much about Liu Bei's intentions (of course, just like you are facing a person who has been struggling in the water for 20 hours. Before you save him, you don't need to ask, "Do you need my help?" ), his thoughts passed through time in an instant, which not only further outlined the internal affairs and diplomacy of Shu Han for Liu Bei, but also vividly envisaged the prospect of reviving the Han Dynasty. Strangely, every step envisaged by Zhuge Liang contains concrete operability, and the sequence is tight, just like a national chess player, the road is long and Xiu Yuan is Xi. On the premise of defining the general direction, we should give consideration to every specific link.
Zhuge Liang, who combines knowledge and action, is more than "only three points in the world can leave Longzhong"; Before he left Longzhong, he even counted the future "three points to one" as the last official before he did it.
This goes back to the author's question at the beginning of this chapter: How did Zhuge Liang's unparalleled growth track unfold before he left Longzhong? In Longzhong Dui, Zhuge Liang not only showed the grand layout idea and exquisite strategic design, but also left a deep impression with his rich knowledge of human geography and mixed vision of the Chinese nation. Zhuge Liang's birthplace cannot tell us much. He was born in Yang Du, Langya, and now he is in Yinan, Shandong. So, where did his understanding of "the weakness of profit" come from? Zhuge Liang may have studied the Notes on Shui Jing published at that time, but we know that this vague geographical work did not bring much benefit to people before Li Daoyuan's annotation in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Is it possible? That is, when Zhuge Liang was a teenager, he walked alone in the north and south of the motherland thousands of miles away, which made him not only understand the topography, customs and customs of Yizhou, but also "deeply feel poor" for a time, thus having a direct experience of the southern minorities.
Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain. He's only 27 years old!
According to today's talent training mode (such as the so-called "echelon construction"), Zhuge Liang is unimaginable. At the age of 27, he was only a junior section chief. Although Zhuge Liang was the prime minister after Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, in fact, he immediately became the actual planner of Liu Bei's military group strategy, the concrete maker of the system and the powerful military dispatcher. Because Liu Bei was willing to retreat from the background from the first day he met Zhuge Liang, Kong Ming became the spiritual pillar and source of strength of Shu Han in one step without any ability and qualification to screen experience. How incredible this is!
Zhuge Liang, who has just come out of Longzhong, will accompany Liu Bei to experience the taste of stumbling and escaping before his wisdom can bear fruit. This is the most familiar smell of Liu Bei, a bitter debt that he could not leave before. Under the fierce pursuit of Cao Cao's elite division, both Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang can only regard "escape" as the top priority in the 36 plans. However, this is also the moment when Liu Bei moved to heaven. He can't bear to abandon his followers. He would rather lead people to the river with his family in turtle steps. Over there, Cao Cao has given a dead order to his army, asking them to pursue at an amazing speed of 300 miles a day. Fortunately, the brave Zhang Yide roared in Changbanpo, temporarily blocking Cao Cao's army, and Liu Beicai finally survived. -witnessed the mess of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang will be emotional, more determined to help the evil people.
Times make heroes, and heroes make times. Battle of Red Cliffs begins. In order to realize the established strategy of uniting Wu against Cao, Zhuge Liang personally lobbied. It is said that due to the role of Lu Su, Sun Quan was also considering the feasibility of uniting with Liu Bei, so he sent Lu Su to Jingzhou to find out the news. Lu Su must have found Liu Bei under very difficult circumstances and felt Liu Bei's true intentions. Chen Shou seems to be a little uncertain about this detail, thus leaving contradictions in the description. We don't know whether Lu Su sought Liu Bei first or Zhuge Liang lobbied Wu Dong first. Fortunately, even if the honor belongs to Lu Su, it has no influence on Zhuge Liang. Taking Sun Quan as a strong aid was Zhuge Liang's strategy when he made decisions in Longzhong. There is no need to rely on Lu Su's reminder. Zhuge Liang succeeded in lobbying Wu Dong partly because Sun Quan didn't want to surrender to Cao Cao, and Zhou Yu, his most trusted general, proudly promised Sun Quan at that time: "As long as there are 30,000 soldiers, you can watch me break Cao Cao." After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou instead of returning it. Dongwu people must be very angry and think that Liu Bei is suspected of treachery and kicking down the bridge. Soochow people don't know, even if Liu Bei is willing to pay back, Zhuge Liang will definitely not agree. In the original map drawn by Zhuge Liang for Shu Han, Jingzhou and Yizhou are the two wings of the country's opening up. It is Zhuge Liang's established policy to seize Jingzhou and deter Sun Quan.
After Jingzhou fell into the hands of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang only needed to turn the handle and use the back of the knife to take Yizhou into his arms. Dealing with Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu is really a piece of cake. A piece of land that no one expected unexpectedly became Liu Bei's world unexpectedly and naturally. -China was able to stand on his own two feet because there suddenly appeared a superman who could lift the tripod. He created a country for Liu Bei out of thin air with incredible political magic.
Longzhong's decision is proceeding in an orderly way.
At this time, two consecutive events disrupted Zhuge Liang's footsteps. First, Guan Yu's "careless loss of Jingzhou" led to Jingzhou being returned to Liu Bei; Then, despite Zhuge Liang's dissuasion, Liu Bei, with a passion of "unpatriotic and loving his brother", tried his best to avenge Guan Yu. Liu Bei's fiasco made Shu Han, who had few possessions, even weaker. Soon, Liu Bei died angrily in Baidicheng, entrusting his ridiculous precious son Liu Chan (A Dou) and a fragile country to Zhuge Liang.
In April of the fourth year of Huang Chu (AD 223), 42-year-old Zhuge Liang ushered in the second stage of his political life.
With Zhuge Liang defending Adou, the retarded emperor can spend all day with eunuchs, wizards and immortals. As a prime minister, Zhuge Liang, as a spiritual leader and actual ruler, also set the military and political power of Shu at this time. As the saying goes, "no matter how big or small the political affairs are, the salt is determined by the light." Zhuge Liang also took the initiative to make up with Soochow and "unite with relatives" to avoid the threat of a strong enemy. Since then, there has never been a war between Soochow and Shu Han.
Three points in the world has now become a helplessness to Cao Wei's regime. Cao Pi's previous conquest of Soochow ended in failure. Sun Quan was an acceptable choice, and he even considered sending a fleet to Yizhou (now a province in Taiwan Province). It's just an unbearable fact for Zhuge Liang. His firm belief made him never forget the restoration of the Han Dynasty for almost a moment, even though Cao Wei almost temporarily forgot his existence, even though Shu Han under his rule was the weakest among the three countries. In the third year after the "seven capture of Meng Huo" and the second year after Cao Pi's death, that is, in the first year of Wei Mingdi Taihe (AD 227), Zhuge Liang led his army to Hanzhong, thus kicking off the Northern Expedition.
Before he left, Zhuge Liang wrote a letter to Adou, which was the most famous and touching expression in the history of China, at least more touching than Chen Qingbiao of Shi Biao. At this moment, Zhuge Liang was filled with emotion. He knows that the time will be long, the road will be difficult, the future is uncertain, and good or bad luck is unpredictable. He was worried that the rude Adou would do whatever he wanted at home, alienating loyal people and favoring disloyal people. Although Zhuge Liang did a lot of preparatory work before entering the palace, I believe he will still feel deep pain for his "lack of skills in two places at once." On the one hand, it is out of loyalty to Liu Bei, on the other hand, it is also his ambition. Zhuge Liang never had the idea of deposing Liu Chan. Not only that, he had to take extra attention to protect the clown. Liu Chan objectively became Zhuge Liang's menace and the only obstacle that prevented him from going out of Chengdu to gallop on the battlefield. Zhuge Liang "was ordered to eat on the day, restless, thinking and advancing northward", and he "swallowed Wei Zhi for a long time". His will is not so easily defeated, so even though he was full of worries, after some deliberation and choice, he decided to unify the motherland and go north first. A closer look at the "Model" shows that Zhuge Liang may not ask Liu Chan for instructions before starting his career (even if asking for instructions is just a routine, just for others to see). He just felt it necessary to take care of Liu Chan before he wrote the article. Therefore, the so-called "model" can actually be regarded as a "warning book". In the table, Zhuge Liang's sincere feelings of loyalty and wisdom to Shu Han vividly flashed out, full of the majesty of loving his father. This majesty, together with Kong Ming's lofty sentiments of swallowing mountains and rivers, is also hidden behind his tears of "crying without knowing what to say". "The article has been a model for generations, and the economy is Nanyang Wolong." Honestly.
However, the Northern Expedition failed again and again, and failed six times in a row. Perhaps, through this sad failure again and again, we can see Zhuge Liang's noble personality and some fatal weaknesses in his character.
Is Zhuge Liang's timing of choosing the Northern Expedition accurate? In "A Teacher's Example", he once described the situation as "the autumn of critical survival". Some people think this is a wrong evaluation, because Shu was not directly threatened by a strong enemy at that time. Since "Nanfu Yiyue" is successful, the urgent task should be to recuperate, vigorously develop agriculture, restore the country's injuries, and then prepare to take the opportunity. In my opinion, the sentence "This is a sincere and crucial autumn" is not necessarily Zhuge Liang's true judgment of the situation at that time, but only applies to Liu Chan. In order to stop Liu Chan from debauchery and cheer up, it is necessary for Zhuge Liang to exaggerate a little from the standpoint of "Tao". In order to explore whether the timing of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is accurate, we have to combine the situation of Wei. Because Zhuge Liang had been fighting in the southwest before, he had little influence on the Wei regime. At that time, it was generally believed in Wei that people who had been silent for several years after Liu Bei's death were not worthy of attention, so they were "slightly prepared" and relaxed in the defensive area. As a result, "the death was revealed", so I couldn't help but "fear in the ruling and opposition." From the point that Longyou, Qishan and Tianshui should shine at the same time, we can also see the accuracy of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition. The soldiers were so fierce that they were "caught off guard", which showed Zhuge Liang's cleverness.
At the same time, it also exposed the limitations of Zhuge Liang, that is, his prudence and his caution in pursuing "everything must be overcome." I think Zhuge Liang's caution can be found in his personality, but the fear here is also related to his intellectual advantage. Please allow me to give another example of a chess player: if a chess player chooses to take deep risks and release the winners and losers frequently, it usually means that the chess situation has fallen, and there is no possibility of winning in the "middle game", so he can only make a show of it. On the other hand, because the opponent is sure to win, he is often more patient at this time, thinking about how to simplify the situation and refusing to entangle with his opponent. Zhuge Liang's mentality when facing the enemy is just like that of a chess player. He firmly believes in his own strength, and he thinks that he can "overcome everything" without taking a desperate move, so he is naturally not interested in any adventure. Zhuge Liang instinctively pursued "complete victory" for his opponent, so he didn't want to prolong the victory or defeat on the battlefield, even though his victory was much bigger.
If we think that Zhuge Liang chose the best time for the Northern Expedition, he did not show the best offensive strategy. He rejected the idea that his general Wei Yan should assault lightly, but led a huge army, made a detour, traveled long distances, and slowly advanced towards his destination Chang 'an. It should have been Zhuge Liang's once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. It is entirely possible for him to occupy Chang 'an at least once. As a result, he never pushed the army that far in his whole Northern Expedition career.
The failure of street kiosks was a fatal blow to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang never agreed to Wei Yan's request of "bringing 10,000 soldiers", but he rashly gave Ma Su so many people who joined the army. As a result, Zhao Kuo, an armchair first-class soldier, was defeated by Zhang He, a veteran of Wei who fought for many years. Although Zhuge Liang can "behead Ma Su with tears", the death of so many fools in Shu Han is a huge shadow that cannot be erased with tears. In fact, the failure of street kiosks is almost irreversible. All the exploits Zhuge Liang gained in other battlefields cannot offset Ma Su's dereliction of duty. So, why did Zhuge Liang entrust the important task to Ma Su? This involves Zhuge Liang's achilles heel.
Zhuge Liang, who is extremely clever, just lacks in identifying talents. Horses have not been reused. Liu Bei, who is good at discovering talents, reminded Zhuge Liang before he died. Just as Wei Yan can be reused, Liu Bei also demonstrated to Zhuge Liang. I had a lot of thoughts when I thought about Liu Bei's entrust an orphan to Baidicheng, but I was able to bring Ma Su out specially. He was convinced that Zhuge Liang had shown his appreciation for Ma Su at that time, so Liu Bei felt that he should take precautions in advance. Zhuge Liang is not ignorant of Ma Su. He often chats with Ma Su about the art of war in the military account after a busy day.
If you stand on the top of Mount Tai, breathing the wind of 80,000 miles in the sky and feeling the most magnificent sound of nature, it is naturally difficult to tell which hills are "dwarfs in the world." See for yourself, which is taller and which is slightly shorter. Zhuge Liang may be facing such a dilemma. His unique intelligence, because it is too different from popular customs, makes him unable to distinguish ordinary scholars. This is a strongman's blind spot similar to Achilles' heel. Zhuge Liang's contempt or even indifference to others in his bones does not depend on whether he treats others modestly or equally, just as having rich knowledge and keen eyes will inevitably lead to contempt for others, even though Mr. Qian has been self-effacing. This should not have been Zhuge Liang's weakness, but should be understood as the complication of "Excellence"
Zhuge Liang reused Ma Su, who should not be reused, and despised Wei Yan, who should not be underestimated. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand the extreme shortage of talents in the late Shu and Han dynasties. "There is no general in Shu, and Liao Hua is the pioneer", and Zhuge Liang is hard to get rid of this situation. Look at the people valued by Zhuge Liang, such as Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and Xiang Chong. Mentioned in "Examples of War". Most of them are incompetent. Apart from their loyal qualities, they generally have nothing to praise, including Jiang Wei, a brave man in Tianshui. Someone once explained this to Zhuge Liang, saying that Liu Chan was too fatuous, and Zhuge Liang was afraid that he would lose the throne of Liu Chan in a hundred years, so he could only use some "honest", "pure" and "honest" good people. If this is the case, then Kong Fangming will decrease and increase: all the civil and military officials in the Qing Dynasty are incompetent, and Liu Chan will not be driven out of the palace by his own men, and his world is doomed to be unstable. Sure enough, less than 30 years after Zhuge Liang's death, Shu was the first to be destroyed by Wei.
In the case that the Northern Expedition failed to win, Zhuge Liang failed to adjust his policies in time and restore the economy, which was also a major source of his failure. Zhuge Liang failed several times later, not on the battlefield, but for the same reason: food. When the rear could not provide enough logistical support, Zhuge Liang rushed to the north. In this way, even if he can win on the battlefield, because the battlefield he is in is desolate in Longxi and Longyou, he can't get supplies from the enemy or occupied areas in time, which fundamentally hinders him from moving on. As a result, he used his own words to describe Cao Cao in those days: "A spent force cannot go deep into the enemy's rear." Moreover, its comprehensive national strength can't be compared with Wei's. Zhuge Liang's "no age for conscription" objectively means the further weakening of national strength. -Zhuge Liang didn't think of farming until his later years, but it was obviously too late. Zhuge Liang didn't even wait until the first grain of wheat was harvested, that is, "the middle road collapsed."
Zhuge Liang's death, at best, is a model of loyalty to the country, public and private, and he did do his best to die. The worst thing comes down to his indifference to feathers and lack of trust in his opponents. In this way, Zhuge Liang's workload is so huge that he has to "see for himself" so many things that he shouldn't have asked himself (such as "fined more than 200 thousand") Such a "sleepless night" and "no food to eat" make it difficult for even those who cast iron into copper to overcome their labor, not to mention Mr. Wolong, who is a mortal.
In Cao Wei's view, the story of "Zhuge died and was born" can of course be interpreted as Sima Yi's respect for Zhuge Liang, and Shu naturally exaggerated it as Zhuge Liang's great achievements. However, I still want to believe Sima Yi's respect (or "awe") for Zhuge Liang. Before that, he repeatedly asked the messengers of Shu about Zhuge Liang's diet and daily life. If you just want to see how many days a person can live, it is incredible according to common sense, not to mention that Zhuge Liang was only 54 years old. After listening to the introduction of Zhuge Liang's hard work style by the Shu ambassador, Sima Yi suddenly sighed: "Light will die." He visited Zhuge Liang's camp on the spot in the future and sincerely lamented that "there are wizards in the world", which fully proved his sincere respect for Zhuge Liang.
Although some people laughed at Zhuge Liang at that time for "struggling against Shu people and wanting to fight big with small ones", on the whole, since Zhuge Liang's "Wuyuan meteorite", there has been a wind of worshipping Zhuge Liang among the people; Later, the first thing Zhong Hui did before entering Shu was to visit the "Prime Minister's Temple". Chen Shou, the author of The Three Kingdoms, was ordered by Sima Jia to compile Zhuge Liang's Collection, which shows that Zhuge Liang's prestige has been fully respected even among the enemies.
Kong Ming's loyalty to Liu Bei, his defense of Shu Han and his diligent pursuit of restoring the Han Dynasty all show the most brilliant personality of China Confucianism (of course, not in the modern sense); We can clearly see China's wonderful Mohist wisdom from the ingenuity of other arms' disposal (such as "Eight Arrays"), and the making of a wooden ox and a strong crossbow that can shoot ten arrows at a time. Although the latter point, that is, Zhuge Liang's Daoism, is only a supplement to his whole personality system, people have magnified this point infinitely, thus turning Zhuge Liang into the embodiment of wisdom in China's folk symbol system, a role similar to the two generations' feelings in Uygur language. The spring and autumn in the robe sleeve, the yin and yang in the goose feather fan and the wisdom in the eye pupil have made him revered by China people for thousands of years. In a fashionable way, Zhuge Liang was demonized.
Zhuge Liang is not so much the embodiment of wisdom as the embodiment of noble personality. In The Model, Zhuge Liang admits that he is not as wise as Cao Cao. We don't need Cao Cao to admit that Zhuge Liang's great personality, unyielding pursuit and perfect intelligence are not only above Cao Cao, but also above almost all the emperors and generals in ancient times. As the saying goes, "A teacher looks like a real celebrity, who can match in a thousand years".
He is definitely not a goose feather fan.